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CIVL 218- Surveying Revision Flashcards | StudBud
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CIVL 218- Surveying Revision
CIVL 218- Surveying Revision
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1
What does baseline length refer to in static relative positioning?
The total time required for the survey
The distance between the base receiver and the satellites
The elevation difference between two receivers
The distance between two GNSS receivers observing the same satellites
2
What does latitude in traverse computations represent?
Change in X-coordinate
Slope Distance
Change in Y-coordinate
Change in Z-coordinate
3
In what applications would carrier phase-shift receivers be preferred over code-based receivers?
Tracking vehicle routes
Finding approximate locations for general navigation
Mapping oceanic transportation paths
Creating construction layouts requiring high accuracy
4
Why is clear visibility between traverse stations important?
To minimize instrument adjustments
To avoid the need for intermediate stations
To reduce environmental impacts
To allow precise measurements of angles and distances
5
What do sky plots visualize?
The elevation angle of receivers
The location of GNSS receivers on Earth
The movement of satellites and obstructions during observations
The speed of satellite signals
6
What does
balance
in map design aim to achieve?
Emphasis on the bottom right of the map
Displaying all elements on the left side of the map
Uniform distribution of "weight" across map elements
Highlighting only the largest features
7
What is the primary function of the Master Control Station in the control segment?
Gather data from monitoring stations to predict satellite positions
Transmit GPS signals directly to receivers on Earth
Create satellite orbits for long-term storage
Launch new satellites into orbit
8
What is the primary goal when selecting traverse station locations?
Maximizing accuracy, utility, and efficiency
Avoiding seasonal considerations
Minimizing instrument setup time
Ensuring the shortest sight lines
9
Why should traverse stations be easy to access?
To ensure efficient setup and movement of equipment
To avoid visibility issues
To eliminate the need for seasonal considerations
To minimize the number of stations required
10
An example of logical operations in GIS is:
Determining common boundaries between parcels
Creating buffer zones around a polluted well
Querying infrastructure data to identify streetlights past their lifespan
Analyzing road intersections for connectivity
11
In static relative positioning, what is the role of the base receiver?
It remains stationary at an existing control station.
It adjusts satellite clock errors.
It serves as a mobile unit for observations.
It performs corrections on rover receivers in real time.
12
A small-scale map is most suitable for:
Engineering design of subdivisions
Large-scale infrastructure projects
Mapping global features like continents
Detailed property surveys
13
What is a key requirement for stations in Pseudokinematic Surveys?
They must have direct line-of-sight to the satellites.
They must be far from the base receiver.
They need to be revisited for repeated observations.
They should be surveyed in real-time.
14
What determines the observation duration in static relative positioning?
The frequency of satellite signal updates
The distance between receivers (baseline length)
The number of satellites in orbit
The type of GNSS receiver being used
15
How can accuracy be improved in traversing by interior angles?
Taking multiple counter clockwise readings
Only observing exterior angles
Averaging readings in both directions
Taking multiple clockwise readings
16
Where are traverse stations typically placed in property surveys?
At every angle change along roads
At intervals along pipelines
At critical points along elevation changes
At property corners or nearby if boundaries are blocked
17
How does the Master Control Station ensure accurate GPS signals?
By reducing the number of satellites in operation
By adjusting the timing of satellite clocks
By calibrating user devices
By increasing the power of satellite transmissions
18
What is the purpose of proximity analysis in GIS?
To merge multiple datasets for land suitability analysis
To analyze attribute data for logical decision-making
To determine adjacency between neighboring features
To identify areas or objects near a specific point or feature
19
What should be identified to avoid mapping errors related to reference systems?
Magnetic north only
Latitude and longitude values only
Meridian of reference (geodetic, grid, magnetic, etc.)
Contour intervals and scales
20
Which of the following satellite configurations is likely to result in a low PDOP value?
Satellites concentrated near the horizon
Satellites positioned directly overhead
Satellites clustered in a small area of the sky
Satellites evenly distributed across the sky
21
When creating a GIS layer for land ownership, which data type would you primarily use?
Topological
Vector
Nonspatial
Raster
22
Why are epoch rates shorter in rapid static relative positioning?
To reduce the baseline length
To improve the speed of data collection
To allow measurements under poor observation conditions
To increase the observation time
23
What is the primary use of code-based GNSS receivers?
Advanced surveys requiring high accuracy
Creating detailed construction blueprints
General navigation and tracking transportation
Precise measurement of land boundaries
24
Which condition applies to the algebraic sum of latitudes in a closed polygon traverse?
Equals the total difference in northing
Equals zero
Equals the total difference in easting
Equals sum of departure
25
What is the impact of the axis of sight not being perpendicular to the horizontal axis in a total station?
Inaccurate horizontal angle measurements
Misaligned vertical bubble levels
Incorrect zenith angles
Inconsistent telescope tilting
26
The area measured by a planimeter is dependent on:
The precision of the instrument
All of the above
The accuracy of the user’s tracing
The scale of the map or drawing
27
Improper focusing of the total station’s eyepiece can result in:
Graduation Errors
Eccentricity of Circles
Wind Vibrations
Parallax Errors
28
A contour line represents:
Equal elevations
Shape of Natural Features
Equal distances and elevations
Equal horizontal distances
29
What is another name for Pseudokinematic Surveys?
Rapid Static Method
Intermittent or Reoccupation Method
Real-Time Kinematic Method
Static Relative Positioning
30
A high PDOP value in GNSS indicates:
Increased satellite signal strength
Excellent satellite geometry and high positional accuracy
Fewer satellites in the sky
Poor satellite geometry and low positional accuracy
31
Boundary operations focused on connectivity analyze:
Logical queries on database attributes
Intersection or connection of linear features
Proximity to point features
All of the above
32
How can horizontal angle misalignment in a total station be minimized?
Calibrating the total station for each reading
Measuring angles in reverse mode only
Using face left and face right measurements and averaging
Aligning the tribrach precisely with the horizontal plane
33
Where are meridians farthest apart?
At the poles.
At the equator.
Along the International Date Line.
Along the Prime Meridian.
34
Why is a prism pole essential in total station operations?
To provide a reflective target for distance measurements
To measure horizontal angles with higher precision
To level the instrument over survey points
To adjust the instrument's focus automatically
35
Which of the following best describes the primary operation of a planimeter?
Measuring distances along straight lines on a map
Tracing the perimeter of a shape to calculate its area
Measuring slope angles using optical components
Digitizing map features for GIS analysis
36
Which of the following is true about meridians?
They form complete circles around the Earth.
They are used as a reference for longitude.
They are parallel to each other.
They are shortest near the poles and longest at the equator.
37
Which of the following is an example of a critical point for placing traverse stations in a route survey?
The corner of a residential property
A random point along a straight route
A curve or intersection along a road
A location with no visibility issues
38
How is mathematical closure ensured in a link traverse?
By physically completing the traverse path
By tying the traverse to existing surveyed control points
By reducing angular misclosures
By balancing the total latitude to zero
39
Which of the following helps achieve
clarity
in map design?
Using dense data without overlays
Using larger-scale inset maps for dense details
Avoiding map lettering
Ignoring objectives and focusing on overall aesthetics
40
Which of the following is an example of proximity analysis?
Identifying properties affected by a zoning change
Querying data to identify expired equipment
Using spatial joins to integrate attribute data
Creating a buffer zone around a polluted well
41
Which of the following best illustrates spatial join applications?
Determining adjacency between neighboring parcels
Integrating municipal boundaries with hydrology layers
Identifying parcels with specific land-use types for suitability analysis
Creating a buffer around a road for zoning compliance
42
What does PDOP stand for in GNSS?
Precise Directional Output Processing
Positional Dilution of Precision
Passive Distance Observation Parameter
Positional Data Observation Precision
43
What is the term for the point in a satellite's orbit that is farthest from Earth?
Focus
Apogee
Horizon
Perigee
44
Which method is commonly used to observe angles in traversing?
All of the above
Azimuths
Deflection Angles
Interior Angles
45
What is multipathing in GNSS, and what causes it?
Signals are lost due to antenna misalignment.
Signals bounce off reflective surfaces before reaching the receiver.
Signals are delayed due to clock bias.
Signals are refracted in the ionosphere.
46
What natural error can occur if a total station is set up on soft ground?
Temperature Effects
Wind Vibrations
Tripod Settlement
Refraction
47
What is the purpose of the tribrach on a total station?
To transmit data to external devices
To adjust the instrument’s position and ensure it is level
To measure vertical angles
To calculate distances automatically
48
How does topology contribute to GIS functionality?
By standardizing coordinate systems
By converting raster data to vector data
By enhancing the resolution of spatial datasets
By establishing spatial relationships such as connectivity and adjacency
49
What error is introduced if the horizontal or vertical circles in a total station are not aligned correctly?
Plate Bubble Misalignment
Temperature Effects
Axis Misalignment
Eccentricity of Circles
50
Where is Earth located in a satellite's elliptical orbit?
At the center of the ellipse
At the apex of the ellipse
At one of the two focus points inside the ellipse
Outside the ellipse
51
What is one limitation of a total station when used in dense vegetation?
It is unable to operate in humid conditions
It cannot measure angles accurately
It requires a direct line-of-sight to the target
It cannot measure distances less than 10 meters
52
What type of error occurs due to the GNSS antenna's phase center not aligning with its geometric center?
Nonparallelism
Refraction
Multipathing
Receiver noise
53
The accuracy of map features is most directly influenced by:
The scale of the map
The type of projection used
The method of data collection (aerial vs. ground)
The size of the map sheet
54
Which statement is correct about parallels?
They are used to measure longitude.
They are semi-circles joining the poles.
They decrease in length as they approach the poles.
They intersect the equator at an angle.
55
What is the advantage of creating long sight lines between traverse stations?
Ensures better seasonal adjustments
Eliminates the need for measuring distances
Reduces the need to move instruments frequently
Increases the number of intermediate stations required
56
Why are dual-frequency GNSS receivers more accurate than single-frequency receivers?
They simplify baseline calculations
They require fewer satellites to calculate positions
They process signals from multiple systems to reduce atmospheric errors
They operate at a lower frequency to improve data stability
57
How can errors due to vertical circle indexing in total stations be corrected?
Regularly checking bubble alignment
Using shielding against wind
Replacing worn equipment
Averaging direct and reverse readings
58
What does "
order
" in map design relate to?
The color scheme used on the map
The logical flow of the map’s elements
The physical size of the map
The number of auxiliary features added
59
Which GNSS technique is best suited for geodetic control surveys requiring the highest precision?
Code-Based Positioning
Pseudokinematic Surveys
Static Relative Positioning
Rapid Static Positioning
60
How do seasonal factors affect the selection of traverse stations?
Seasonal factors do not impact traverse stations
They eliminate the need for intermediate stations
Visibility may change due to leaf cover or environmental conditions
They determine the type of instrument used
61
Contour intervals are selected based on:
Terrain diversity
Map's purpose
All of the above
Map size
