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Darwin's Theory of Evolution and Evolution of Populations Flashcards | StudBud
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution and Evolution of Populations
Darwin's Theory of Evolution and Evolution of Populations
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#biology #highschoolscience #evolution
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes
the tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA
the nearly universal genetic code
the presence of vestigial structures
the transmission of acquired traits
2
Which of the following can produce a duplicate gene?
crossing-over during transcription
chromosome replication during mitosis
genetic drift during reproduction
neutral mutation during transcription
3
A single-gene trait that has two alleles and shows a simple dominant-recessive pattern will
have three phenotypes
have two phenotypes
have one phenotype
have many phenotypes
4
If a mutation introduces a new color, what would determine if the new allele increases?
how many other alleles are present
how the mutation occurred
how many phenotypes are in the population
whether the mutation adds to the fitness
5
The principle of common descent helps explain why
conditions in an organism's environment ensure its survival
tigers are so different from cheetahs
birds and reptiles share many inherited characteristics
well-adapted species have many offspring
6
The species of finches that Darwin found on the different islands varied in what adaptation?
color of feathers
size of eggs
shape of beaks
location of nests
7
On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
completely unrelated species on each island
species similar to mainland South American species
species completely unrelated to those in South America
species exactly like those found in South America
8
The type of genetic drift that follows colonization of a new habitat by a small group is called
directional selection
the founder effect
stabilizing selection
the Hardy-Weinberg principle
9
Darwin's concept of natural selection was NOT influenced by
Gregor Mendel
his trip on the Beagle
his specimen collection
Charles Lyell
10
Genetic recombination includes the independent movement of chromosomes during meiosis and
changes in the allele frequencies
mutations from radiaton
mutations from chemicals
crossing-over
11
Biogeography is the study of
where species and their ancestors live
how extinct species can be related to living ones
how different species interbreed
how animals living in the same area are closely related
12
What do Hox genes control?
gene duplication
patterns of embryo development
molecular clocks
mutations
13
The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population's
gene pool
phenotype
allele frequency
genotype
14
The allele frequencies of a population are more likely to change if
the population size is increased
the mutation rate decreases
no immigration or emigration occurs
mating is not random
15
The Galapagos finch species are an excellent example of
genetic equilibrium
stabilizing selection
selection on single-gene traits
speciation
16
A polygenic trait can have
many possible genotypes producing many phenotypes
fewer phenotypes than most single-gene traits
many possible genotypes but few phenotypes
fewer genotypes than most single-gene traits
17
James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work suggests that
Earth is several million years old
Earth is several thousand years old
all rocks on Earth contain fossils
all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years
18
In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of
genetic equilibrium
mutations
chance
natural selection
19
What principle does the Grants' investigation of finches best support?
biogeography
natural selection
evolutionary embryology
uniformitarianism
20
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, some individuals survive due to the
possession of inherited traits that maximize fitness
choices made by plant and animal breeders
lack of competition within the species
possession of adaptations developed through use
21
Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
evolution
adaptation
diversity
fitness
22
The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is
geographic isolation
genetic equilibrium
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
23
A change in the genetic material of a cell is called a
single-gene trait
mutation
polygenic trait
recombination
24
In humans, some bones are involved in walking. In whales, these same bones are called
examples of natural variation
vestigial structures
examples of fossils
acquired traits
25
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following
except
how
species descend from common ancestors
traits are passed from parents to offspring
evolution takes place in the natural world
species can become extinct
26
The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that
in the human population, people die faster than being born
because of pop. size, there would soon be not enough food
in the 1700s England needed more housing
the majority of a species' offspring die.
27
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
artificial variation
survival of the fittest
natural selection
artificial selection
28
Although they live in the same habitat, 2 toad species breed at different times. This means
one species may cause the extinction of the other
the species interbreed throughout the season
the species do not interbreed due to geographic isolation
the species do not interbreed due to temporal isolation
29
The number and location of bones in fossils is similar to living vertebrates. This supports
analogous structures
acquired traits
tendency toward perfection
common descent
30
In a population, the allele frequency for red fur changes from 20 to 30%. What happened?
the population is expanding
the population is decreasing
the population is not evolving
the population is evolving
