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AP World History Review
AP World History Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
118
Answers
1
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
growth of democratic forms of gov't
rejection of Spanish culture
opposition to the Catholic Church
exploitation of people and resources
2
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
3
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
produced few cultural achievements
lived at peace with their neighbors
4
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a poverty-stricken era
a period of political chaos
a time of colonial unrest
a golden age
5
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
6
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
avoiding contact with the West
employing superior military skills
7
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
the manor system and land ownership
absolute monarchies
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
8
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
missionaries and slave traders
bankers and explorers
soldiers and diplomats
merchants and pilgrims
9
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
cultural diffusion
ethnocentrism
self-determination
imperialism
10
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
Ionic
neoclassical
Gothic
Corinthian
11
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
granted independence as soon as possible
encouraged to develop their own industries
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
12
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Mongol
Byzantine
Ottoman
Hellenistic
13
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Feudalism strengthened
The Catholic Church was weakened
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
14
One similarity between the Gupta and the Tang dynasty is that each
promoted equality for women
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
gained overseas colonies
developed a representative government
15
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Russia and Iraq
Iran and Thailand
Japan and Tibet
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
16
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
Mecca to Asia Minor
Cairo to Tours
Senegal to India
the Indus River to Spain
17
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
in coastal areas
in mountainous terrain
in rain forest areas
on major trading routes
18
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
development of the foundation of modern science and math
persecution of Jews and Christains
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
adoption of democratic government
19
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
manorialism
feudalism
mercantilism
entrepreneurship
20
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
crop failures brought on by poor weather
diseases introduced by the Spanish
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
wars btwn various native groups
21
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
military conquest of China
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
formation of cultural links with Europe
development of extensive trade
22
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
Age of Exploration in Europe
decline in African slave trade
growth of feudalism in Europe
23
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Enlightenment
Middle Ages
Age of Exploration
Scientific Revolution
24
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
established absolutist governments
provided structure for society
developed concepts for natural rights
promoted peace and prosperity
25
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
It is better to be loved, than feared
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
26
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
an adoption of Christianity
a decentralized government
the many opportunities for social mobility
an open democratic society
27
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Holy Roman
Byzantine
Assyrian
Ottoman
28
Humanism was
belief in the supremacy of the collective
embracing the separation of church and state
a rejection of ancient civilizations
appreciation for the worth of the individual
29
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
an increased interest in science and technology
equality among Japanese citizens
peaceful relations with other nations
a culture that accepted militarism
30
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
cities of origin for major religions
Latin American societies
centers of world trade
sites of early civilization
31
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
32
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
33
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
development of towns and cities
increased political power for the clergy
lower living standards for industrial workers
34
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
failure of other nations to become interested in China
cultural isolation of China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
great culutral diversity within China's borders
35
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
practicing rituals to please the gods
equality among the social classes
mercantilism
direct democracy
36
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Enlightenment
Commercial Revolution
Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
37
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
decline of Mongol rule in China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
introduction of gunpowder to China
38
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
respect for the rights of the indigenous
the production of raw materials and cash crops
isolationism
39
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
establishment of the guild system
weakening of the power of the middle class
expansion of world trade
development of a socialist economy
40
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Muslim world
Aztec Empire
Pax Romana
Gupta Empire
41
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
establish Christianity in W Europe
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
unite warring Arab peoples
42
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
43
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
human scientific achievements
religious themes
classic Greek and Roman subjects
materialism
44
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
self-sufficiency of the manor system
economic policies of the Roman Empire
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
45
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
46
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
first religious wars in Europe
decline of Greek city-states
start of the Renaissance in Italy
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
47
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
48
The Byzantine Empire
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
adapted the Roman principles of justice
used a senate as the chief governing body
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
49
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
Italy was politically unified
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
50
Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by
providing social stability
fostering the growth of religion
encouraging formal education
eliminating warfare
51
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
protect the port city of Guangzhou
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
52
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
manorialism
socialism
laissez-faire capitalism
mercantalism
53
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
feudal governments
Communist regimes
constitutional monarchies
centralized powers
54
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
These had rich history before European contact
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
The African societies flourished at the same time
55
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
rifles and diamonds
iron ore and coal
gold and salt
spices and silk
56
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
57
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
social mobility
universal suffrage/democracy
a questioning spirit
racial diversity
58
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
establishing trade routes to the Americas
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
59
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Montesquei
Locke
Voltaire
Machiavelli
60
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
close to a network of navigable rivers
accessible by water
isolated from the rest of Europe
protected by mountains
61
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
accept medieval W European religious ideas
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
62
One important effect of the Crusades on Western Europe was they
introduced the Industrial Revolution
led to a decline int he importance of the church
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
63
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
consolidate the political power of the region
eliminate the need for a legal system
increase trade and manufacturing
provide order during a period of weak central governments
64
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
65
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
Trade and commerce declined
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
66
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
a wealthy class invested in the arts
an absolutist gov't
a shrinking aristocracy
67
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
68
The European feudal system represents a society based on
accumulated wealth
political ability
educational achievement
social class
69
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
decreasing importance of towns and cities
rise of nation-states
increase in influence of serfs
collapse of international trade
70
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
devotion to religion
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
value of the individual
71
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
72
In Western Europe, which development caused the other three?
fall of Rome
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
decline of trade
breakdown of central government
73
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
the strengthening of the feudal system
an adoption of Islam
an increased demand of goods from the East
increased European isolation
74
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Tang and Song dynasties
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Gupta Empire
Byzantine Empire
75
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
emphasized social equality
established monotheistic religions
had decentralized political structures
developed writing systems
76
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
limited social mobility
a thriving system of international trade
a strong central government
rejection of Christian teachings
77
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
increasing power of feudal lords
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
78
Africa's geography is characterized by
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
a diverse topography
an absence of rain forests
a lack of major river systems
79
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
80
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
South America and Asia
Africa and Southeast Asia
North America and Europe
Europe and Asia
81
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
silk cloth
democratic ideas
Latin language
Orthodox Christianity
82
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a means for the empire to expand its borders
a means of administering the civil service exams
contact with other cultures through trade
a military route for the defense of the norther border
83
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
manorialism
communism
feudalism
socialism
84
One major result of the Crusades was the
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
long-term decrease in European trade
85
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
received support from European colonial governments
developed self-sufficient economies
86
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
imperialist attitudes
rigid social structure
belief in democracy
cultural values
87
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
the Roman Catholic Church
the Byzantine emperors
elected parliaments
national monarchies
88
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
the furthest expansion of their borders
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
the end of foreign domination
89
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
peaceful territorial expansion
social equality
origin in the Andes Mountains
dedication to advancement of science
90
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
the practices of the church led to classless society
The nobles encouraged social mobility
sharp class distinctions divided European society
91
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
secularism
mysticism
individualism
humanism
92
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
followed a democratic system
practice monotheism
consisted of hunters and gatherers
were highly developed and organized
93
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Religious reform was a major concern
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
94
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
radical revolutionaries
peasant farmers
middle class merchants
warrior aristocrats
95
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in the reincarnation of souls
belief in one God
deep reverence and respect for nature
96
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
97
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
98
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
feudalism and oppression
war and constant invasion
prosperity and artistic creativty
mercantilism and industrial expansion
99
From the 9th - 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
the creation of democratic governments
the toleration of members of other cultures
a decrease in trade and commerce
100
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
military power led to industrialization
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
locations were favorable for trade
101
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
possessions to be exploited
independent trade partners
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
102
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
Islam
agricultural communes
social and political equality
codified laws
103
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
104
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
fall of Constantinople
rise of nation states
outbreak of deadly diseases
introduction of new military
105
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
absolutism
market economy
manorilaism
mercantalism
106
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
it was a religious center for Muslims
107
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European renewal in learning
European involvement in the Crusades
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
development of a European middle class
108
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
development of feudalism in Europe
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
109
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
110
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
manorialism
industrialism
mercantilism
capitalism
111
The European feudal system was
designed to promote political and economic equality
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
controlled by a powerful middle class
supported by the labor of peasants
112
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
divide power evenly
employ absolute power
obtain consent of the governed
obtain power from a social contract
113
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
social kinship of the Ashanti people
military strategies of the Mali
114
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Court systems were developed
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
115
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
destruction of Muslim military power
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
restoration of the Byzantine empire
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
116
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
favored separation from secular government
was a strong force that divided many people
117
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
societies usually developed along river valleys
large cities were not established until Europeans came
religion had little developmental influence
men and women had equal employment opportunities
118
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
feudalism
free market
manorialism
socialism