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AP Psych Exam Review Part 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Exam Review Part 1
AP Psych Exam Review Part 1
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
medulla
corpus callosum
2
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
3
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
4
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Rene Decartes
5
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
6
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
extinction
7
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
action potentials
agonists
antagonists
8
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
print letters
9
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
happiness
sadness
fear
10
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
accuracy of inference
consistency
predictability
11
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
salivation
tone
food/meat powder
12
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
13
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
14
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
content validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
15
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
16
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
17
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
insomnia
18
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
syntax
19
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
limbic system
20
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
21
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
social scripts
display rules
parental investments
22
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
23
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
the observational group
24
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
content
absolute
criterion-related
construct
25
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
semantic network
script
schema
26
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
27
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
28
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
29
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
30
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
musical
31
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
32
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
33
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
34
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
sedatives
cannabis
narcotics
35
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
instinct theory
drive theory
36
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
amount of time awake
exposure to light
37
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
stirrup
cochlea
oval window
38
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
changes in testing procedures
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
39
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
cognition
introspection
intelligence
40
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
conscious experience
the unconscious
behavior
41
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
perception
consciousness
hypnosis
42
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
escape learning
43
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
reiteration
recognition
relearning
44
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
percentiles
45
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
psychological tests
physiological recordings
direct observation
46
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
similiarity
constancy
closure
47
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
48
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
long-term
short-term
sensory
49
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
50
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
fill-feed
tree-bird
boat-goat
51
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
mode
midpoint
median
52
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
pineal gland
parietal lobe
thalamus
53
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
54
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
classical conditioning
observational learning
positive reinforcement
55
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 1
stage 4
REM
56
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
limbic system
cerebellum
reticular formation
57
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test norms
test levels
test scores
58
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
59
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
shaping
step-wise conditioning
selection
60
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
61
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
been dreaming
62
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
psychological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
63
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
64
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
cookie
65
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
saturation
light purity
color
66
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
decibels
timbre
pitch
67
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
68
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
an achievement test
a personality test
an aptitude test
69
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
mnemonic
phonemic
platonic
70
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
encoded
modeled
ablated
71
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
thalamus
location of injury
spinal cord
72
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
73
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
74
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
75
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
endorphin
76
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
pituitary
thyroid
gonads
77
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
78
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
79
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
punishment
80
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
81
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
psychoanalysis
neodynamism
behaviorism
82
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
vitreous humor
cornea
lens
83
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
84
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
creativity
intelligence
insight
85
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
86
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
87
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
88
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
89
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
a narcotic
90
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
91
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
processing
perception
attention
92
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
delta
beta
gamma
93
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
94
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rabbit
fear reaction
loud noise
rat
95
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
96
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
97
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
difficulty breathing when asleep
98
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
99
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
lesioning
100
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
