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Evidence of Evolution by Natural Selection
Flashcards
67 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
67
Answers
1
Genes and genetic information transferring from both parents to offspring is known as
Inherited variation
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Genetic recombination
2
The study of the behavior, biology, evolution, and taxonomy of nonhuman primates.
Mammalogy
Monkey Business
Anthropology
Primatology
3
Which is the oldest of the three Eras?
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Jurassic
Cenozoic
4
Modern humans belong to which taxonomic kingdom?
Animalia
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
5
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring is called
genetic success
adaptation
natural selection
evolutionary change
6
What genus do extinct and modern humans belong to?
Primate
Hominid
Homo Sapiens
Homo
7
Trilobites are used as _______ during which Era of the Phanerozoic Eon?
index fossils, Paleozoic
trace fossils, Mesozoic
carbon films, Cenozoic
index fossils, Precambrian
8
Anatomical features that no longer seem to serve a purpose in the current form of an organism are called
homologous structures.
vestigial structures.
embryonic similarities.
analogous structures.
9
An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive & reproduce is
an adaptation.
a vestigial structure.
a homologous structure.
an analogous structure.
10
Why do scientists agree that humans are closely related to chimpanzees?
Humans and chimps have foward-facing, binocular vision and clavicles.
Humans and chimps share 98.6% of their DNA sequences.
Both human and chimps are bipedal and placental mammals.
Humans and chimps are both embryologically similar.
11
What does "Paleozoic" mean?
"before life"
"ancient life"
"recent life"
"middle life"
12
In taxonomy, what does the binomial nomenclature of an organism refer to?
Genus and Species
Phylum and Class
Order and Family
Domain and Kingdom
13
Which of the following was the largest mass extinction in Earth's history, also known as The Great Dying?
end-Permian Extinction
end-Ordovician
Cambrian Explosion
end-Cretaceous
14
The difference in DNA among individuals is known as
gene flow
genetic drift
genetic recombination
genetic variation
15
Biological structures that have similar functions but not the same structure are called
homologous structures.
analogous structures.
vestigial structures.
embryonic similarities.
16
What are the three domains in taxonomy?
Mammals, Birds and Reptiles
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Plants, Animals, and Fungi
Chordates, Vertebrates, and Invertebrates
17
After Earth cooled, the continents and oceans formed during this Eon.
Phanerozic
Proterozoic
Hadean
Archean
18
This Era is known as "the age of the reptiles."
Proterozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Paleozoic
19
Which of the following organisms do not require oxygen to survive?
Eukaryotes
Multicellular organisms
Aerobic bacteria
Anaerobic bacteria
20
The End-Cretaceous Extinction event ended which Era of the Phanerozoic?
Phanerozoic
Cenozoic
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
21
During which Eon did photosynthesizers change the atmosphere to oxygen-rich?
Proterozoic
Hadean
Phanerozoic
Archean
22
Mammary glands, fur or hair, warm blooded, a neocortex region of the brain, as well as three middle ear bones...
Primates
Reptiles
Felines
Mammals
23
What family do modern humans and apes belong to?
Primates
Homo
Hominid
Homo Sapiens
24
Dinosaurs lived during the "Mesozoic", or _______.
"recent life"
"living life"
"middle life"
"ancient life"
25
The Cambrian Explosion started which Era of the Phanerozoic?
Paleozoic
Hadean
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
26
Which of the following correctly orders the units of geologic time from longest to shortest?
Epochs > Eons > Eras > Periods > Ages
Periods > Eras > Epochs > Eons > Ages
Eons > Eras > Periods > Epochs > Ages
Eras > Eons > Periods > Epochs > Ages
27
The first of Earth's four Eons is called the
Proterozoic
Hadean
Archean
Phanerozoic
28
The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems throughout geological time.
Comparative anatomy
Geography
Biogeography
Biology
29
Comparative Embryology is the study of similarities and differences between…
the prenatal development of organisms.
the body structures of organisms.
the DNA of different organisms.
the fossil record and geologic time.
30
An alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
Genetic variation
Genetic mutation
Genetic drift
Genetic recombination
31
Which of the following can be used to find the relative age of rock layers?
extinction events
comparing layers of strata
comparing index fossils
radioactive isotopes
32
Earth was completely molten during which Eon?
Hadean
Proterozoic
Archean
Phanerozoic
33
This Eon is not part of precambrian time.
Phanerozoic
Hadean
Proterozoic
Archean
34
An English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
Carl Linnaeus
Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
35
This Era is known as "the age of marine life."
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Archean
Paleozoic
36
What is the science of taxonomy?
The naming and classification of all plants and animals
The illustration and photography of all living organisms
The naming and classification of all living organisms
The physical measurements of all living living organisms
37
The scientific theory of ______ explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from ancestral prokaryotic organisms.
Evolution
Endosymbiosis
Abiogenesis
Superposition
38
A bird's wings are homologous to
dragonfly wings.
a whale's front fin.
a dog's front legs.
a mosquito's wings.
39
Which of the following BEST summarizes life on Earth according to the fossil record?
reptiles > amphibians > marine organisms > mammals
mammals > reptiles > amphibians > marine organisms
marine organisms > amphibians > reptiles > mammals
marine organisms > mammals > amphibians > reptiles
40
This Eon is also known as the Eon of "Visible Life"
Archean
Phanerozoic
Proterozoic
Hadean
41
The transfer of genetic variation from one population to another by way of migration.
Genetic recombination
Gene flow
Inherited variation
Genetic drift
42
A diagram that depicts evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor is called
A Phylogenetic Tree
A Convergent Evolution Chart
A Biological Family Tree
A Divergent Evolution Chart
43
According to the Law of Superposition, which is true about undisturbed strata? (rock layers)
Unconformities are always older then the layers below them.
The youngest rock layer is on the bottom.
The oldest rock layer is on the bottom.
Rock layers are always older than the layers below them.
44
The change in a physical characteristic (phenotype) of a species, and relies on natural selection.
Genetic mutation
Evolutionary change
Inherited variation
Genetic variation
45
When groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in speciation.
Divergent evolution
Homologous structure
Analogous structure
Convergent evolution
46
________ occurs when two populations are separated by physical barriers (mountains or bodies of water).
Reproductive isolation
Temporal Isolation
Behavioral isolation
Geographic isolation
47
Which of the following is NOT a kingdom in taxonomy?
Plants and Protists
Animals
Fungi
Eukaryotes
48
The scientific theory of ______ explains processes by which the first life forms on Earth arose from inorganic matter.
Evolution
Endosymbiosis
Abiogenesis
Superposition
49
Both pig and rabbit embryos have gill slits. This suggests that
pigs and rabbits are closely related to fish.
pigs and rabbits share a common ancestor.
pigs are more closely related to fish than rabbits.
pigs and rabbits can live in water.
50
Body parts that appear in different animals and are similar in structure, but serve a different purpose is called
embryonic similarities.
analogous structures.
vestigial structures.
homologous structures.
51
What would be a favorable trait for a rabbit trying to avoid predators in a SNOWY environment?
short ears
white fur
long ears
brown fur
52
Swedish botanist, zoologist, & physician who formalized binomial nomenclature, the taxonomic system of naming organisms.
Alfred Wegener
Galileo Galilei
Carl Linnaeus
Charles Darwin
53
What the taxonomic order of modern humans?
Primate
Anthropoid
Hominid
Great Ape
54
Evidence for evolution only occurs in the fossil record.
true
false
55
Darwin's theory of evolution is supported by
fossil evidence.
all of these are correct.
embryology.
DNA evidence.
56
Any animal with a spinal column or backbone, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are known as
Chordates
Invertebrates
Primates
Aves
57
The wings of bats and forelimbs of cats are homologous structures.
true
false
58
Both bats and mosquitoes have wings. Wings of mammals vs wings of invertebrates are examples of
homologous structures.
vestigial structures.
analogous structures.
all of the above
59
When distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits resulting from similar geographic environments
Analogous structures
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Homologous structures
60
What is the scientific name of the modern human species?
Hobo sapiens
Hominid
Homo sapiens
Homo Primate
61
"Cenozoic" means _______.
"after life"
"recent life"
"middle life"
"ancient life"
62
Species that have evolved from a common ancestor should have certain characteristics in common.
true
false
63
Mammals dominated during which Era of the Phanerozoic?
Cenozoic
Proterozoic
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
64
The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
Evolutionary change
Genetic variation
Genetic drift
Mutation
65
What is the science of classifying and naming organisms?
Evolution
Biology
Phylogeny
Taxonomy
66
During which Eon did photosynthesizers first appear?
Hadean
Phanerozoic
Proterozoic
Archean
67
Which technique has helped scientists determine the absolute age of rocks and fossils?
Radiometric dating of radioactive isotopes
Fossil comparisons
The Law of Superposition
Stratigraphic comparisons
