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UPPER GI: Antacids, H2 antagonists & Proton pump inhibitors Flashcards | StudBud
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UPPER GI: Antacids, H2 antagonists & Proton pump inhibitors
UPPER GI: Antacids, H2 antagonists & Proton pump inhibitors
33 terms
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StudBud Administration
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yr3 pharmacology
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33 cards
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33
Answers
1
Proton pump inhibitors:
MOA - after binding to parietal cells, what happens next?
release of gastric acid is prevented = increase in gastric pH
increased release of gastric acid = decrease in gastric pH
2
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists:
Pt. education
Caution if taking without prescription – can mask underlying disease
If symptoms persist seek professional health advice
3
Proton pump inhibitors:
examples
Cimetidine, Famotidine
Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole
Mylanta, Titralac, Quickeze, Gaviscon
4
Bacteria that enters digestive system (usually stomach) & can penetrate the mucoid stomach lining = chronic infection
Clostridium difficile
Campylobacter
Staphylococcus aureus
H.Pylori – helicobacter pylori
5
Proton pump inhibitors
: Can decrease absorption of medications that require an acid environment
True
False
6
Antacids
pt. education: What can happen with prolonged use?
Rebounding headaches
Rebound acidity
Renal dysfunction
Relationship rebounds
7
Proton pump inhibitors:
MOA
Bind irreversibly to cilia in intestines
Bind irreversibly to endothelial tissues in stomach lining
Bind irreversibly to gastric acid in bile duct
Bind irreversibly to gastric proton-pump in parietal cells.
8
What happens if
H.Pylori – helicobacter pylori
is left untreated?
pregnancy and / or diabetes
ulceration and / or cancer
9
Antacids:
most of them are non-systemic
False
True
10
Antacids:
What is an "alginate"?
A protectant that forms a barrier over stomach contents
A pacifier that calms the stomach motility
A preventer that decreases the feelings of nausea
A protagonist that forms permanent extra stomach lining
11
Antacids
pt. education
:
increase
the absorption of other medications
True
False
12
Proton pump inhibitors:
Pt. education?
Dont open/crush/chew tabs, take 30 mins before food, not for long term use
Dont stop abruptly as can cause rebound acidity. Needs titration down.
13
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists:
MOA - when histamine is blocked what THEN happens as a result?
a increase in gastric acid secretion
a reduction in gastric acid secretion
a change to the lining of the stomach
a change to the acidity of the urine
14
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists:
ADR's
GI upset, dyspepsia, dysponoea, dysurea
GI upset, diarrhoea/constipation, headache, dizziness, confusion in elderly
Flatulence, Bloating, Chalky taste, Electrolyte imbalance
GI upset, diarrhoea/constipation, headache, mental clarity, death, pain
15
Antacids:
general
ADR's?
Flatulence, Bloating, Chalky taste, Electrolyte imbalance
Fainting, Bloating, Chalky flatulence, Electrolyte balance
16
Proton pump inhibitors:
Indications
GI irritation, headache, dysuria
Peptic ulcer disease, Gastritis, GORD, dyspepsia
Post op nausea & vomiting
Peptic ulcer diseaseu, Gastritis, GORD, H.Pylori
17
Antacids
pt. education
:
Antacids can
cause
electrolyte disturbances,
which then impacts WHAT?
Brain function (makes you dumb)
Renal function (decreased GFR)
Respiratory function (impacted gas exchange)
Cardiac function (arrythmias)
18
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists:
MOA?
Blocks histamines stimulation of H2 receptors (in gastric parietal cells)
Weak bases. Combine w/ hydrochloric acid & neutralise it. Raise stomach pH.
Bind to gastric proton-pump in parietal cells.🚫release of gastric acid = ⬆
19
Proton pump inhibitors
: Contraindications?
Caution w/ concurrent administration of diazepam, phenytoin, warfarin
Caution w/ concurrent administration of of metoprolol, aspirin, mylanta
20
Antacids:
indications
Peptic ulcer disease, Gastritis, GORD, dyspepsia
Post op nausea & vomiting
Peptic ulcer disease, Gastritis, GORD
Peptic ulcer diseaseu, Gastritis, GORD, H.Pylori
21
H.Pylori – helicobacter pylori: TREATMENT?
Triple therapy of PPI & antibiotics
Healthy lifestyle, diet and exercise
22
Antacids:
Mylanta and Gaviscon are combinations of the ingredients
Magnesium & Aluminium
True
False
23
Antacids
pt. education
:
When should they be taken?
2 minutes before OR 2 minutes after other medications
2 years before OR 2 years after other medications
2 hours before OR 2 hours after other medications
2 weeks before OR 2 weeks after other medications
24
H.Pylori – helicobacter pylori: TREATMENT CAN INCLUDE
clarithromycin & amoxicillin or metronidazole
False
True
25
Proton pump inhibitors:
ADR’s
GI upset, headache, dizziness, skin rash
Mental upset, headache, dizziness, smooth skin
GI upset, grumpiness, dizziness, phychosis
GI upset, hangover, dizziness, rectal rash
26
Antacids
pt. education: what issues can antacids
mask
?
e.g H.pylori & peptic ulcers
e.g flactulance & H.puss
e.g anorexia & peptic stys
e.g peptic ulcers & haematuria
27
Antacids:
THEREFORE we need to consider
Medications absorption, Electrolyte disturbance, Rebound acidity, and Masking
True
False
28
Proton pump inhibitors:
may cause ⬆️serum levels of Diazepam & Phenytoin + Increased anti-coagulation with Warfarin.
False
True
29
Antacids:
ADR's are often related to the INGREDIENTS. What ADRs are specifically associated with Aluminium & Magnesium?
Magnesium: diarrhoea & Aluminium: constipation
Magnesium: dyspnoea & Aluminium: coagulation
Magnesium: dysuria & Aluminium: fatigue
Magnesium: constipation & Aluminium: diarrhoea
30
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists:
Examples
Ibuprofen, Sevradol
Cimetidine, Famotidine
31
Antacids:
MOA
Weak bases. Combine w/ hydrochloric acid & neutralise it. Raise stomach pH.
Bind to gastric proton-pump in parietal cells.🚫release of gastric acid = ⬆
Block histamine from stimulating H2 receptors =⬇️in gastric acid secretion
32
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists:
Indications
Peptic ulcer disease, Gastritis, GORD, dyspepsia
Peptic ulcer disease, Gastritis, GORD
Peptic ulcer disease, Gastritis, GORD, H.Pylori
Post op nausea & vomiting
33
Antacids:
examples
Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole
Mylanta, Titralac, Gaviscon, Quickeze
