Which of the following is truest of brain development?

B. The brain changes as a result of experiences.

A key criticisms of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development centers on the fact that he

C. underestimated the cognitive abilities of young children.

The widely used definition of intelligence emphasizes which of the following?

C. ability to reason, solve problems, and think abstractly

Who was the first to connect quality of mothering with differences in security of attachment?

B. Bowlby and Ainsworth’s attachment theory

Which of the following is true of adolescent moodiness?

A. Most adolescents report being fairly happy most of the time.

Which of the following is NOT true of media use?

D. Viewing just before bedtime can help youth sleep.

Which of the following thoughts is the clearest example of self-esteem?

A. “I think that I am worthless.”

Which of the following best describes direct instruction?

C. Students are explicitly taught everything.

If a teacher is working with Sally in her zone of proximal development, it means

A. the teacher is improving Sally’s competence by giving assistance.

Exercise is linked with which of the following in the brain?

A. improved functioning and higher test scores

Which of the following is likely to foster effective classroom management?

D. arrange the physical environment so that it fosters appropriate behavior

To foster good emotion regulation in children, parents should do which of the following?

D. express both positive and negative emotions, but primarily positive

To foster ToM, parents could do which of the following with their preschoolers?

B. talk about what other people are thinking

Which of the following is a key concept of Bandura’s social cognitive theory?

B. learning through observation

Which of the following is NOT included in Vygotsky’s sociocultural model:

D. “I can’t do anything unless you tell me what to do.”

B. feeling concern for another person’s feelings

Which of the following is true of aggression?

D. Aggression declines from early childhood through adolescence.

Which of the following is good testing policy?

B. test frequently to foster spaced practice

Social cognition refers to which of the following?

D. thinking applied to social situations

The reason researchers prefer to do experiments whenever possible is that experiments

C. demonstrate that one thing likely causes another.

A child’s peer status is primarily a result of

C. the way he treats other students.

How can you apply multiple intelligences to the classroom?

B. plan lessons that use different approaches to learn the same material

What is prosocial behavior?

B. voluntary behavior that benefits others

According to the text, the long-term goal of discipline encounters should be to

D. reduce social problems, like teen pregnancy.

Which of the following is Erikson’s psychosocial stage for adolescence?

B. identity versus identity confusion

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EDU222 Final Review

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Answers

1
Which of the following is truest of brain development?
D. Behavioral inhibition cause brain development.
B. The brain changes as a result of experiences.
A. The way the brain develops is fully specified by genes.
C. There is a critical period after which development no longer occurs.
2
Which of the following is NOT one of Piaget’s four stages of development?
C. sensorimotor
D. egotistic
A. formal operational
B. preoperational
3
Which of the following refers to the sounds of a language?
A. syntax
D. semantics
B. pragmatics
C. phonemes
4
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of teacher-student relationships?
A. gender
B. academic performance
D. attachment at home
C. SES
5
Which theorist first proposed the idea of multiple intelligences?
B. Piaget
A. Maslow
C. Montessori
D. Gardner
6
Compared to other family structures, nuclear families tend to have
D. more abuse.
B. greater financial strain.
C. fewer moves.
A. lower parent education.
7
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic emotions?
B. anger
C. disgust
D. embarrassment
A. joy/happiness
8
Ethnic groups have various storytelling styles which can affect achievement is known as
C. cohort effect.
D. halo effect.
B. cultural mismatch.
A. multiple intelligences.
9
A key criticisms of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development centers on the fact that he
D. focused too much attention on biological components of development.
A. failed to consider the active role of children in their own development.
C. underestimated the cognitive abilities of young children.
B. underestimated the cognitive abilities of adolescents.
10
The widely used definition of intelligence emphasizes which of the following?
A. ability to hear and understand music
B. practical ability to solve concrete problems on the street
D. stages of formal operational thought
C. ability to reason, solve problems, and think abstractly
11
Who was the first to connect quality of mothering with differences in security of attachment?
C. cognitive-developmental theory
D. Lorenz’s ethology theory
B. Bowlby and Ainsworth’s attachment theory
A. Freudian/psychoanalytic theory
12
Which of the following is true of adolescent moodiness?
B. Adolescents experience roller coasters of emotions.
A. Most adolescents report being fairly happy most of the time.
D. Adolescents and their parents report feeling moody most of the time.
C. Emotional negativity is a normal phase for adolescents.
13
5 year-old Sam has begun to understand what other people might be thinking. Sam is developing
A. theory theory.
D. false belief thinking.
B. thinking about societal norms and culture.
C. theory of mind.
14
To promote positive peer status for their children, parents should do which of the following?
D. Resist the temptation to help their children choose their friends.
A. Use authoritarian parenting style.
C. Encourage their children to date starting about age 14.
B. Coach social skills.
15
Which of the following is NOT true of media use?
A. It is correlated with being overweight.
D. Viewing just before bedtime can help youth sleep.
C. It is correlated with alcohol and tobacco use.
B. It is linked to bad eating habits.
16
Which of the following thoughts is the clearest example of self-esteem?
C. “I am not a good student.”
B. “I am not confident that I can learn math.”
D. “I don’t think I am good looking.”
A. “I think that I am worthless.”
17
Which of the following best describes direct instruction?
B. Each student constructs his or her own understanding.
C. Students are explicitly taught everything.
D. Each teacher creates a curriculum based on his or her own thoughts.
A. Students are motivated as they discover concepts for themselves.
18
If a teacher is working with Sally in her zone of proximal development, it means
B. Sally is in the preoperational stage.
C. the teacher is using classical conditioning.
D. the teacher is avoiding using scaffolding.
A. the teacher is improving Sally’s competence by giving assistance.
19
Asking kids how they think & feel about divorce in the their own words is which research?
B. experimental
D. longitudinal
A. cross-sectional
C. qualitative
20
Exercise is linked with which of the following in the brain?
A. improved functioning and higher test scores
C. enhanced development of the pubertal system
B. excessive use of glucose and lower test scores
D. decreased impulse control
21
The constructivist approach to instruction is most based upon the theories of
A. Bandura.
C. Skinner.
B. Vygotsky.
D. Piaget.
22
Which of the following is likely to foster effective classroom management?
C. let natural consequences govern classroom management
D. arrange the physical environment so that it fosters appropriate behavior
A. use competitive activities when possible
B. encourage students to construct their own understanding of routines
23
To foster good emotion regulation in children, parents should do which of the following?
C. express almost all positive emotions
B. avoid expressing their own emotions
A. discipline children who display anger to stop negative emotions
D. express both positive and negative emotions, but primarily positive
24
Which age group tends to have the most inflated self-assessment?
D. adulthood
B. middle childhood
C. adolescence
A. early childhood
25
To foster ToM, parents could do which of the following with their preschoolers?
A. avoid joint attention because it overwhelms the child
C. practice doing intelligence test items
B. talk about what other people are thinking
D. read picture books out loud
26
Which of the following do IQ scores NOT predict?
B. health
A. years in school
D. age
C. income
27
Which of the following is a key concept of Bandura’s social cognitive theory?
B. learning through observation
D. influence of nature (genetics)
A. reciprocal teaching
C. stages
28
Which of the following is NOT included in Vygotsky’s sociocultural model:
C. “I can’t do these things, even with help.”
B. “I can do these things with help.”
D. “I can’t do anything unless you tell me what to do.”
A. “I can do these things by myself.”
29
Which is the most common form of child abuse?
B. sexual abuse
D. neglect
C. physical abuse
A. psychological maltreatment
30
What is sympathy?
A. reacting to another person by feeling distress and wanting to avoid it
C. experiencing the same emotions as another person
B. feeling concern for another person’s feelings
D. perceiving the emotions of another person
31
Which operant condition techniques discussed in the text did Skinner recommend avoiding?
A. extinction
D. negative reinforcement
C. shaping
B. punishment
32
Some children are popular but not well liked. What are they called by psychologists?
A. rejected
D. domineering fighters
B. bully leaders
C. controversial
33
Which parenting style is demanding of the child yet also warm and supportive?
D. indulgent
B. authoritative
C. indifferent
A. authoritarian
34
According to Maslow’s hierarchy, the root cause of misbehavior is
C. lack of self-actualization.
B. unmet needs.
A. poor myelination.
D. societal undermining of the self-system.
35
Which of the following is true of aggression?
D. Aggression declines from early childhood through adolescence.
B. Social aggression is a less mature form than physical aggression.
A. Physical aggression increases until adolescence and then decreases.
C. Aggression during adolescence is more likely to be instrumental
36
The Strange Situation Procedure is primarily a measure of
B. toddler attachment.
D. social referencing.
A. adult attachment.
C. autonomous attachment.
37
The information processing component that directs attention and suppresses responses is
B. working memory.
C. mnemonic strategies.
D. sensory register.
A. executive function.
38
A 3-year-old knowing her father was gone because his car was gone is what form of reasoning?
C. analogical
A. inductive
D. metacognitive
B. deductive
39
Which of the following is good testing policy?
B. test frequently to foster spaced practice
A. give only a few tests in order to reduce test anxiety
C. test only the most recent material, not cumulatively
D. do not provide feedback for several days
40
The rules for ordering and organizing words into phrases and sentences is called
A. syntax.
B. pragmatics.
D. semantics.
C. phonology.
41
Which of the following has increased over the past 50 or so years?
B. dropping out of high school
D. antisocial behavior
A. teen pregnancy
C. student interest in school subjects
42
Social cognition refers to which of the following?
B. thinking about societal norms and culture
D. thinking applied to social situations
C. egocentric thought
A. a type of theory
43
Bullying represents which types of aggression?
C. proactive and instrumental
A. proactive and reactive
B. proactive and hostile
D. reactive and hostile
44
The reason researchers prefer to do experiments whenever possible is that experiments
A. are inexpensive and easy to conduct.
C. demonstrate that one thing likely causes another.
B. provide detailed descriptions of behavior.
D. demonstrate formal operational thought.
45
A child’s peer status is primarily a result of
D. factors that have not been determined by researchers.
C. the way he treats other students.
A. the way other students treat him.
B. the cues that teachers make about how he should be treated.
46
How can you apply multiple intelligences to the classroom?
A. give the same tasks to all learners
C. consider incorporating sports and astronomy intelligence
B. plan lessons that use different approaches to learn the same material
D. teach each lesson using every one of the eight intelligences
47
What is prosocial behavior?
C. behavior that benefits others at the expense of the self
A. behavior in the third level of moral development
B. voluntary behavior that benefits others
D. behavior at Piaget’s autonomous level of moral development
48
You investigate how students view their parents in grades 6,9,and12. This research is
A. experimental.
D. laboratory based.
B. cross-sectional.
C. longitudinal.
49
According to the text, the long-term goal of discipline encounters should be to
D. reduce social problems, like teen pregnancy.
A. correct misbehavior.
C. improve academic achievement.
B. instill values and foster self-control.
50
Which of the following is Erikson’s psychosocial stage for adolescence?
B. identity versus identity confusion
A. autonomy versus shame and doubt
D. intimacy versus isolation
C. industry versus inferiority

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