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Nila's Bio 311C Exam 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Nila's Bio 311C Exam 1 Review
Nila's Bio 311C Exam 1 Review
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1
Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?
Digestion of cellular waste
Protein synthesis
Modification of proteins
Calcium ion storage
2
What evidence supports the theory that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor?
All life forms are multicellular.
All life forms use DNA as their genetic material.
All life forms live in the same environment.
All life forms have the same number of chromosomes.
3
Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are typically larger than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have circular DNA, while prokaryotic cells have linear DNA
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic do not
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not.
4
Which cellular component is responsible for protein synthesis and is composed of RNA and protein?
mRNA
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
DNA
5
Which of the following is NOT a trait shared by all life forms?
Use of DNA as genetic material
Cell membranes composed of phospholipids
Use of ATP for energy
Ability to perform photosynthesis
6
Compared to a solution with a pH of 7.0, a solution with a pH of 6.0 has a greater concentration of __
Methyl groups
OH- ions
Amino groups
H+ ions
7
Which of the following best describes the relationship between pH and the concentration of H+ ions in a solution?
As pH decreases, the concentration of H+ ions increases.
As pH increases, the concentration of H+ ions decreases.
pH has no effect on the concentration of H+ ions
As pH decreases, the concentration of H+ ions decreases
8
Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in biology?
Structure is independent of function.
Structure determines function.
Function determines structure.
Structure and function are unrelated.
9
Who’s gonna kill the test?
you
you
you
you
10
What is the main function of phospholipids in cells?
Catalyzing reactions
Storing genetic information
Forming cell membranes
Energy storage
11
Which of the following functional groups is most likely to donate a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction?
Amino
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Hydroxyl
12
Name the two functional groups commonly found in amino acids.
phosphate and carboxyl group
amino and carbonyl group
carboxyl and carbonyl group
amino and carboxyl group
13
Which statement best explains the endosymbiotic theory?
Prokaryotic cells evolved mitochondria from their plasma membrane
mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated as freeliving bacteria
Cells evolved from self-replicating lipids
Prokaryotic cells engulfed eukaryotic cells which became mitochondria
14
Which type of fat will melt at a lower temperature?
Fats with the highest number of carbons
Fats with fatty acids that have the highest number of cis double bonds
Fats with the highest number of fatty acid chains
Fats with fatty acids that contain single bonds only
15
Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria?
ATP production
Digestion of cellular waste
Protein synthesis
Calcium ion storage
16
Which carbohydrate is a strong structural component in plant cell walls?
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin
Starch
17
Which level of protein structure involves the folding of polypeptide chains into alpha-helices and beta-sheets?
Secondary
Primary
Tertiary
Quaternary
18
Which of the following carbohydrates is primarily used for energy storage in plants?
Chitin
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
19
Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein synthesis
Calcium storage
Lipid synthesis
Detoxification of drugs
20
What is the hierarchy of complexity in biological systems, from simplest to most complex?
Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Tissue, cell, organ, organism, organ system
Organ, tissue, cell, organ system, organism
21
Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
22
Which type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes
Waxes
Triglycerides
Steroids
Phospholipids
23
What type of bond is responsible for the secondary structure of a protein (alpha helices & beta sheets)
Peptide bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
24
The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that:
RNA was the first molecule of heredity.
Life on Earth originated from meteors.
Organic molecules like amino acids could form under early Earth conditions.
Cell membranes are composed of lipid bilayers.
25
Which of the following statements about water's high specific heat is correct?
Water requires very little energy to change its temperature.
Water resists changes in temperature, which helps stabilize environments
Water heats up and cools down very quickly.
Water's high specific heat is due to its low molecular weight.
26
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
Storing genetic information
Catalyzing biochemical reactions
Long-term energy storage
Structural support and energy storage
27
Which functional group is characteristic of alcohols?
-CHO
-OH
-NH2
-COOH
28
In which organelle is the concentration of Ca++ ions typically higher than in the cytoplasm?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
29
How do vesicles transport proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?
They are carried by cytoplasmic currents.
They move through microtubule tunnels.
They are transported by motor proteins along microtubules.
They roll along intermediate filaments.
30
If a protein is embedded in a cell membrane, which type of R-group would most likely interact with the hydrophobic tails
Non-polar
Charged
Polar
Hydrophilic
31
Which of the following correctly describes the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is found only in the cytoplasm, while RNA is only found in the nucleus.
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
DNA contains uracil , while RNA contains thymine instead of uracil.
DNA is single-stranded, and RNA is double-stranded.
