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Chemistry. Ingredients, and Skin Care Products (StateBoard Prep) Flashcards | StudBud
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Chemistry. Ingredients, and Skin Care Products (StateBoard Prep)
Chemistry. Ingredients, and Skin Care Products (StateBoard Prep)
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Milady Esthetics State Board Exam Review Pivot point review
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1
When is a manufacturer responsible for a client's allergic reaction to a product?
when the client ignores warnings on the product's label
when product is taken directly from manufacturer's packaging
when product is purchased in bulk and repackaged by salon
when the product is used as an ingredient in a salon mixture
2
What is the liquid part of a solution called?
suspension
solute
saturation point
solvent
3
What are liposomes?
closed-lipid bilayer spheres
closed-lipid unilayer spores
open-lipid bilayer spheres
open-lipid unilayer spores
4
What are alpha hydroxy acids?
the active ingredients in most acne-treatment medications
the active ingredients in most dandruff-control shampoos
exfoliating products that tighten bonds between living cells
exfoliating products that loosen bonds between dead cells
5
Which of the following release a hydrogen ion and are positively charged?
bases
acids
potential hydrogen
alkaline
6
What is jojoba?
exfoliating agent made from gritty sand of tropical beaches
moisturizing agent made from Pacific Ocean seaweed
oil extracted from the acorns that grow on oak trees
oil extracted from the bean-like seeds of a desert shrub
7
Which of the following have a positive electrical charge and identify the atom?
neutrons
protons
electrons
ions
8
What is an ampoule?
popular botanical cream
family of chemical products
small, sealed vial
needle used for injections
9
The type of chemistry that deals with matter that was never living and does not contain carbon is called:
inorganic chemistry
biochemistry
active chemistry
organic chemistry
10
The solid, or dissolved part, of a solution is called the:
saturation point
solvent
solute
suspension
11
What is a possible advantage of synthetic ingredients over natural ingredients?
fewer allergic reactions
decreased chemical content
shorter shelf life
less environmental impact
12
What is another term for exfoliation?
sloughing
emulsification
excoriation
binding
13
All of the following statements about amino acids are true EXCEPT:
they consist of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen & nitrogen
they dissolve and break down large molecules
there are 22 common amino acids
they join together in chains to form proteins
14
What is the vitamin of which retinol is the natural form?
vitamin A
vitamin B
vitamin D
vitamin C
15
What are ceramides?
astringents that have moisturizing/antibacterial properties
bacteria that cause itching in the surface of the skin
family of lipid materials a part of the intercellular matrix
dead skin cells that clog follicles and cause comedones
16
The unifying concept used to organize elements and their similarities is called the:
atomic number
periodic law
element
periodic table
17
You can keep your clients’ skin in top shape by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
reading labels knowledgeably
treating each client with products that balance the individual’s pH
using harsh soaps and cleansers without a toner or moisturizer
selecting and recommending the right product for home care
18
Which of the following are materials that dissolve and break down large molecules into smaller ones?
lipids
proteins
enzymes
carbohydrates
19
What is the even dispersion of a solid substance in a liquid base called?
solution
saturation
suspension
solvent
20
What is NOT among the purposes of functional ingredients in cosmetic products?
giving products specific form
allowing products to spread
giving products body and texture
making products affordable
21
The type of chemistry that deals with all matter that is now living or was alive at one time is known as:
inorganic chemistry
biochemistry
organic chemistry
active chemistry
22
What is NOT among the components of lipids?
ceramides
phospholipids
botanicals
sterols
23
What vitamin has NOT been used in skin care products as an antioxidant?
vitamin B
vitamin A
vitamin E
vitamin C
24
What are peptides?
chains of fibroblasts
chains of red blood cells
chains of white blood cells
chains of amino acids
25
What is NOT true of tissue respiratory factor (TRF)?
it is an anti-inflammatory ingredient
it is a natural antibiotic
it is a moisturizing ingredient
it is derived from yeast cells
26
The chemical behavior of an atom depends mostly on the:
number of electrons in the innermost shell
number of neutrons only
number of electrons in the outermost shell
number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus
27
What is the strongest of our five senses?
sight
touch
smell
taste
28
Of the following products, which is a finely ground solid that is mixed evenly with additional ingredients?
gels
aerosols
powders
ointments
29
What is mineral oil?
antioxidant derived from sebum
lubricant derived from petroleum
antioxidant derived from petroleum
lubricant derived from sebum
30
What is NOT a natural source of salicylic acid?
willow bark
sweet birch
jojoba
wintergreen
31
What are the basic materials that the body uses to construct and renew itself?
proteins
lipids
saccharides
carbohydrates
32
Where in the body is alpha liponic acid found?
nerve cells
every cell
striated muscle cells
blood cells
33
What do emulsifiers cause to mix in order to form an emulsion?
lymph and sebum
lymph and water
oil and lymph
oil and water
34
Which of the following examples of silicone makes a product feel soft, especially sunscreens?
propylparaben
dimethicone
dimethicone copolyol
cyclomethicone
35
What is NOT true of petroleum jelly?
it dehydrates the skin
it holds water in the skin
it is commonly used after laser surgery
it is an occlusive agent
36
The process of a solid or gas changing states without becoming a liquid is known as:
chemical change
sublimation
physical change
energy
37
What is NOT an area requiring approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
cosmetics manufacturing
cosmetics safety
cosmetics labeling
cosmetics claims
38
A mixture of two or more compounds in which each component is evenly dispersed is called a:
suspension
solution
gel
powder
39
What is mechanical exfoliation?
use of machines to push product deeper into the skin
use of machines to draw pus from a whitehead
physical method of drawing pus from a whitehead
physical method of rubbing dead cells off the skin
40
All of the following statements are true about physical changes EXCEPT:
chemical structure does not change
a new substance possessing different material composition is created
freezing water to form ice cubes is an example of a physical change
changes always involve either the gain or loss of energy
41
Matter with definite weight, but indefinite volume and shape are:
liquid
compound
solid
gas
42
What is coenzyme Q10?
emulsifier
preservative
antioxidant
exfoliant
43
What are botanicals made from?
chemicals
plants and herbs
animal fats
recycled plastic
44
What term refers to an exfoliating cream that is rubbed off the skin?
emulsifier
paraben
humectant
gommage
45
What is aromatherapy?
therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils
practice of focusing acupuncture on the nose and nostrils
therapeutic use of scented candles in the treatment room
practice of focusing massage on the nose and nostrils
46
What is NOT true of benzoyl peroxide?
it is a drying agent
it is commonly used for blemishes
it is a type of alpha hydroxy acid
it is commonly used for acne
47
The center of the atom is known as the:
membrane
neutrons
nucleus
proton
48
What is NOT true of aloe vera?
it's the most popular botanical for cosmetic formulations
it has hydrating and softening quailties, among others
it is an emollient and film-forming gum resin
it's the least popular botanical for cosmetic formulations
49
How many naturally occurring elements are there?
102
92
82
72
50
Which ingredient listed below is compatible with both water and oil?
emulsifier
humectant
fatty acid
surfactant
51
What are fatty acids?
antioxidant ingredients derived solely from animal fats
excessive lymph discharges common in overweight clients
excessive sebum discharges common in overweight clients
lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats
52
What is potassium hydroxide?
strong acid used in soaps and creams
weak acid used in soaps and creams
weak alkali used in soaps and creams
strong alkali used in soaps and creams
53
What is grapeseed extract?
powerful antioxidant with stimulating properties
powerful exfoliant with soothing properties
powerful exfoliant with stimulating properties
powerful antioxidant with soothing properties
54
What are detergents a type of?
exfoliant
antioxidant
surfactant
emollient
55
What is NOT something from which healing agents are made?
recycled plastics
licorice
chamomile
aloe
56
What ingredient is used in cosmetic products to keep them firm, yet soft and easy to apply to the skin?
surfactants
emollients
humectants
fatty acids
57
All of the following statements about the Period Table of Chemical Elements are true EXCEPT:
the unifying concept used to organize elements is called scientific shorth
Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer found ways of arranging elements
the atomic number is the primary basis for organization
there are 92 naturally occurring elements
58
What is the smallest particle of a compound that contains all of the chemical properties of that compound?
neutron
element
molecule
atom
59
What form of matter has definite weight, volume and shape?
solid
sublimation
gas
liquid
60
What term refers to products intended to improve the skin's health and appearance?
cosmeceuticals
estheticals
epidermals
cosmetics
61
What are lakes?
insoluble pigments
botanical emulsifiers
insoluble antioxidants
botanical moisturizers
62
What products coat the skin and reduce friction?
emulsifiers
acids
antioxidants
lubricants
63
The molecular weight of each element is determined by the:
protons and neutrons
neutrons and electrons
protons and electrons
protons
64
What does the term "comedogenicity" refer to?
tendency of any substance to trigger the rise of blackheads
some ethnicities tend to have more comedones than others
scientific study of the genetics of comedones
tendency of any substance to inhibit the rise of blackheads
65
What do clay masks do as they dry and tighten?
seal follicles
draw impurities to the surface
rupture comedones
extract facial hairs
66
What are mucopolysaccharides?
carbohydrate-lipid complexes
irritated mucous membranes
carbohydrate-lymph complexes
healthy mucous membranes
67
What term refers to skin-refreshing lotions with a low alcohol content?
conditioners
moisturizers
antibiotics
fresheners
68
Which ingredients are included in cosmetic products to maintain microbiological integrity or product quality?
viscosity modifiers
chelating agents
thickeners
preservatives
69
What types of atoms are not missing any electrons in their outermost orbit shell?
compound atoms
unstable atoms
molecules
stable atoms
70
What are astringents?
oil-laden liquids used to increase the oiliness of the skin
liquids that help remove excess oil on the skin
cotton pads used to dab excess sebum from the skin's surface
cotton pads used to dab excess lymph from the skin's surface
71
A simple unit of a carbohydrate is called a:
monosaccharide
polysaccharide
saccharide
disaccharide
72
What is exfoliation?
peeling or sloughing of the outer layer of the skin
use of chemicals to reduce size of inner layers of the skin
careful removal of a clay or paraffin mask from the skin
thorough cleansing of the skin with soap and hot water
73
The smallest complete unit of an element is called a(n):
atom
neutron
proton
electron
74
A change in a substance that creates a new substance w/ different characteristics from those of the original substance:
physical change
phase change
chemical structure
chemical change
75
What is a chelating agent?
chemical added to improve the thickness of a product
chemical added to improve the efficacy of the preservative
chemical added to increase the grit of a product
chemical added to soften the aroma of a product
76
Groups of monomers that bond together are called:
disaccharides
polymers
saccharide
monomers
77
What is NOT true of polymers?
they are formed by small molecules
they are chemical compounds
they are botanicals
they release substances at a microscopically controlled rate
78
When positive and negative ions join, they are held together by a(n):
ionic bond
compound
covalent bond
oxidation-reduction reaction
79
All of the following statements about carbohydrates are true EXCEPT:
they play a key role in metabolism
they are used by the body to store energy
they include monosaccharides such as glucose
they contain a combination of carbon hydrogen & nitrogen aranged in a chain
80
Ingredients used in certain types of treatment products to prevent skin inflammation & damage due to free radicals are:
hypoallergenic
comedogenics
antioxidants
antibacterials
81
What are the basic units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction called?
atoms
neutrons
electrons
elements
82
All of the following statements about compounds are true EXCEPT:
created by the union of two different elements
have unique chemical and physical characteristics
are basic units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substance
more than four million chemical compounds have been identified
83
What term refers to the use of plant extracts for therapeutic benefits?
ecotherapy
green therapy
arboratherapy
phyotherapy
84
What is the term for substances such as mineral dyes that give products color?
colorants
color ingredients
chromophores
color additives
85
Which of the following is a process in which a substance gains an electron and oxygen is released?
oxidation
covalent bonding
ionic bonding
reduction
86
What is glycerin?
antibiotic
binder
astringent
exfoliant
87
Organic acids extracted from a variety of natural sources such as fruits, sugar and milk are called:
vitamins
dimethicone copolyol
hydroxy acids
enzymes
88
What allows for the suspension of small particle solids in a base by creating a supporting structure to prevent settling
botanicals
emollients
humectants
thickeners
89
Which of the following ingredients are commonly used to deliver a variety of benefits to the skin?
botanicals
lighteners
vitamins
coloring agents
90
What number identifies how many protons are in a single atom of an element on the periodic table?
atom number
electron number
chemical number
atomic number
91
Which of the following is created by chemically uniting two different elements?
element
atom
compound
molecule
92
What are performance ingredients?
ingredients that cause actual changes in appearance of skin
ingredients that stimulate blood circulation/increase energy
ingredients used to give products distinct shape and texture
ingredients included to elongate the shelf life of products
93
What plant extract has calming and soothing properties?
ginseng
chamomile
honeybush
blackcurrant
94
What are hydrators?
ingredients that repel water from the skin's surface
ingredients that attract water to the skin's surface
machines used to extract water from the skin's surface
machines used to apply water to the skin's surface
95
What is papaya (Papain) used for?
pigmentation
hydration
moisturizing
exfoliation
96
Cosmetic ingredient that is considered a drug product by FDA guidelines; functions by blocking sun rays or UV radiation?
lightener
fragrance
antioxidant
sunscreen
97
The scientific study of matter, physical & chemical changes affecting matter & the energy changes that accompany it:
physiology
anatomy
chemistry
histology
98
What is NOT true of glycerin?
it is formed by a decomposition of oils or fats
it is a very weak water binder
it is an excellent humectant
it is an excellent skin softener
99
What's an emollient w/ moisturizing properties/emulsifier w/ high water absorption abilities?
jojoba
papaya
lanolin
chamomile
100
When is the salon responsible for a client's allergic reaction to a product?
when product is purchased in bulk and repackaged by salon
when client buys the product directly from the manufacturer
when the client ignores warnings on the product's label
when product is taken directly from manufacturer's packaging
