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CP Psych Exam Review
CP Psych Exam Review
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1
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
sight
touch
hearing
2
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
3
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
4
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
5
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
6
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cornea
cones
rods
7
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
8
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
EQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
9
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
10
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
eat a meal
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
11
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
latent learning
sublimation
12
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
13
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
14
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
William James
15
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
16
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
token economy
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
17
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
18
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
19
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
20
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
21
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
22
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
secondary
continuous
primary
23
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
24
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
25
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
terminal button
myelin
26
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
modeling
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
27
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
28
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
29
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
30
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
longitudinal study
31
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
32
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
33
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
construct validity
aptitude measures
standardization
34
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
35
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
36
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
lithium
SSRIs
37
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
superordinate goals
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
38
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
39
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
40
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
41
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
temperament
culture
environment
42
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
43
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
blind spot
fovea
iris
44
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
45
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
disinhibition
social roles
46
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
biological
47
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
48
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
49
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
humanist
50
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
51
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
52
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
53
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
54
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
55
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
case study
correlation study
experiment
56
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
68
95
50
57
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
retroactive memory
recall
58
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
59
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
60
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
schizophrenic
personality
dissociative
61
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
alpha waves
62
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the law of effect
latent learning
the overjustification effect
63
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
64
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
65
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
66
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
67
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
68
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
69
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
70
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
71
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
72
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
rooting
Babinski
Moro
73
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
discrimination
accommodation
habituation
74
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
75
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
postconventional
theory Y
James-Lange
76
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
a theory
overconfidence
77
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
78
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
continuous
variable interval
fixed ratio
79
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
80
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
triarchic
projective
achievement
81
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
82
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
83
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
planning for the future
84
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
85
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
cognitive
86
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
archetypes
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
87
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
88
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
relearning effect
leading questions
brain injury
89
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
humanistic
biological
trait
90
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
91
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
92
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
optic nerve
93
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebral cortex
94
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
early 20s
late 40s
puberty
95
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
96
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
normally distributed
modes
outliers
97
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
98
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
99
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
100
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
101
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
102
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
103
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
104
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
105
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
bottom up processing
106
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
107
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
108
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
balance
touch
sight
109
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
110
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
111
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
112
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
113
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
situational
external
internal
114
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
115
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
latent learning
insight learning
observational learning
116
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
117
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
118
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
119
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
120
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
structuralist
pharmacological
behavioral
121
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
122
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
123
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
124
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
125
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
126
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
127
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
tolerance
dissociation
activation-synthesis
128
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
pons
cerebellum
129
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
cognitive
130
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
131
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
median
mean
range
132
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
133
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
134
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
135
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
136
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
137
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
138
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
139
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
closure
140
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
141
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
142
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
143
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
144
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
in-group bias
individualism
145
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
situational
social
146
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
phallic stage
anal stage
oral stage
147
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
MRI
rTMS
PET
148
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
149
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
standard deviation
mean
median
150
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
151
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
152
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
153
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
personalities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
154
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
155
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
156
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
157
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
deindividuation
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
158
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
159
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
attachment
object permanence
conservation
160
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
token economies
systematic desensitization
REBT
client-centered therapy
161
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
say a sentence
write with a pencil
clap their hands
162
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
163
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist