Foundations Chapter 6: Chemistry 2

a change in the properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance

Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

Prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure that can cause sensitivity

The smallest chemical components, structures that make up the element

A substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solution

Material that is capable of igniting and burning, and easier to ignite than combustible material

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances

Water droplets emulsified in oil

Also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite proportions

A chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in fixed proportions

Volatile alcohols evaporate easily

Required by law for all products; includes handling info, ingredients, disposal info, etc.

Easily absorbs water, capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving)

Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

The simplest form of chemical matter; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance w/o loss of identity

A solution that has a pH below 7 (neutral)

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances, plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

When acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the pH and forming water H20 and salt

The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution

Subatomic particles with a positive charge

Substances that should not be mixed or even stored near each other

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

Subatomic particles with a negative charge

A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance

A substance that releases oxygen

Characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance

Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify

An alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products

A change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance

A very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

Material that is capable of igniting and burning

An ion with a negative electrical charge

Oil droplets emulsified in water

A physical combination of matter in any proportion

Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

A substance that causes an increase in cellular mutations, may or may not cause cancer

Compounds that contain carbon and evaporate very easily are VOCś or Volatile Organic Compounds

A solution that has a pH above 7

Science of the the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

A sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryer

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

An ingredient that brings two incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform fairly stable mix

Subatomic particles with no charge

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

An ion with a positive electrical charge

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen, represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions