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AP Euro Review
AP Euro Review
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1
The ideas of the strong defeating the weak in a competition for food found in Darwin;s Origin of Species were probably
insipired by Herbert Spencer
Getting a letter from Alfred R. Wallace claiming to have a similar theory
seeing tribal conflicts during his voyage of the Beagle
reading Thomas Malthus' Essay on Population
2
King Louis XVI established a model for the nation state that had all the following characteristics except...
a shift from religious toward secular norms of law and justice
a monopoly on force, suppressing aristocratic challenges to the crown
nobles served as the main source for bureaucrats and officers of the state
a shift from local power twoard centralization in the national goverment
3
Which of these was probably
NOT
a cause of the early 1700s Agricultural Revolution?
New World crops in Europe
scientific management of estates, including 4 field rotation
urbanization
development of chemical fertilizers and improved tools
4
The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in 1914 was carried out by the Black Hand, nationalists seeking an expanded...
Russia
Bulgaria
Serbia
Greece
5
Russian Czar Alexander II issued several reforms including Emancipation of 1861- these reforms did all of these except
made nobles and commoners equal in courts of law
serfs could be free from the land with permission from the village council
allowed all Russian males to vote for a parliament, or Duma
required villages to pay lords for lost income for 25 years
6
Hegel's concept of the evolution of truth through the conflict of thesis and antithesis is called...
alienation
moral imperative
the dialect
nihilism
7
Russian czars Alexander III and Nicholas II sponsored or allowed vicious campaigns of violence called Pogroms
targeted Muslims
Targeted Siberian Natives
targeted Lithuanians
Targeted Jews
8
Armand Jean duPlessis, later known as Cardinal Richelieu, used his position as chief advisor Louis XIII to...
undermine the authority of Louis XIII in an alliance with the nobility
move decisively to end any toleration of the Hueguenots
move France firmly into the camp of the defenders of Catholicism
extend direct royal control over France, suppressing the nobility
9
THE COSMOS IS CHAOS. This statement would be most typical of...
Polythism
St. Paul
Aristotle
Thomas Aquinas
10
Slave systems became much more prevalent in the Caribbean during the 17th and 18th century as a result of the production
of cotton
of corn
of sugar
of wheat
11
The "bubbles" in England and France during the first half of the 18th century were...
caused by inflated prices in the sales of stock in colonial companies
were inflationary booms due to an influx of gold and silver
a source of increased middle class wealth
were the result of government interference in the economy
12
After 1648, the Habsburgs focused their efforts on...
centralizing power within the HRE
destroying their archrivals, the Dutch
expanding south against Turkey and eastward against Poland
control of the Portuguese throne
13
She attempted to turn England back to the Catholic faith through her persecution of Protestants, by marrying Phillip II
Mary Tudor (aka Mary I of England)
Marie d'Medici
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart
14
TULIP is the acronym for all of these Calvinish concepts except:
total depravity
irresistible grace
limited attonment
unbounded salvation
15
By Late 19th century western industrial society changed in all these ways regarding the working class and poor except
Socialist parites dominated most of western states
The working classes in western Europe gained political power and reforms
Consumerism
Public health codes and improved infrastructure gave urban workers better.
16
Europeans were able to penetrate Africa and Asian tropical areas with success only in the latter 19th century because of
quinine allowed them to avoid the ravages of malaria
new military technologies like the "Maxim" gun and repeating rifle
all of the above
steamboats, railroad, and telegraph allowed coordination of forces
17
This German princess became the czarina of Russia and carried out a policy of enlightened despotism, nothin for the serf
Elizabeth
Maria Theresa
Marie Hapsburg
Catherine
18
The British Reform Bill of 1832 was...
Called for the end of child labor in British mines and factories
the reform of rotten boroughs and an expansion of the vote to more men
Chadwick's institution of health and sewage codes
Wilberforce's abolition of slavery
19
The Peace of Westphalia (1648) resulted in all of the following
except
...
Undisputed control over central Europe by the Hapsburgs
International law based on natural law and the idea of the nation- state
The Portuguese, Dutch, and Swiss kept or regained national independence
secularization of European geopolitics
20
The exploitation and brutal colony run by the Belgian king Leopold II was in...
Algeria
the Congo
Ethiopia
South Africa
21
The Prussian state built its strength by its single minded focus on...
the army
the church
the navy
sea trade
22
"I am not a Marxist", declared Marx in the late 19th century, due to "evolutionary" or democratic socialism advocated by
John Stuart Mill
Pierre Proudhon
Eduard Bernstein
Henri St-Simon
23
This country got partitioned by others around it, due to lack of control over nobility, which nation, and by who?
Sweden ... Russia, Finland, Denmark
the Holy Roman Empire... Russia, Sweden, Austria
Poland ... Russia, Prussia, Austria
the Ottoman Empire ... Persia, Russia, Israel
24
The revolt in the Netherlands was largely inspired by...
economic, political and religious disagreements between the Dutch and Spain
the St. Bartholomew's Day Masssacre
strict language laws imposed by the Spanish
an economy that was mired in recsssion
25
German philosopher who liked the Enlightenment, but reading Hume, he realized he had priori beliefs, promoted romantics
Edouard Bernstien
Auguste Comete
Immanuel Kant
Max Weber
26
The first leader to get a comprehensive state funded social welfare system for their nation was...
A Socialist government in France after 1905
A Democratic Socialist regime in late 19th century Sweden
Disraeli in Great Britain
Bismark in Germany
27
He was the first British "prime minister", advising the House of Hanover (George 1 and 2), creating the Cabinet system.
William Pitt the Elder
Robert Walpole
George Berkeley
John Locke
28
Reactionary Austrian Foreign minister who attempted to coordinate policies against revolutions-The Concert of Europe-
Karle Lueger
Maximilian Hapsburg
Count Klemens von Metternich
George Hegel
29
William Wilberforce argued for many reforms, but his most significant issue of reform was only achieved in 1833, it was
abolition of slavery
disestablishment of the Anglican Church
abolition of corn laws
prohibition of child labor
30
The growth of factory labor led to greater division between classes, what Marx called the bourgeoisie and proletariat...
the dominant relgion and other religious minorities
urban and rural dwellers
the dominant ethnic group and the minority
The haves and have nots
31
The 1462 marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile (eventually) unified...
Britian
France
Portugal
Spain
32
Late 19th century conservatives in western Europe are best described as favoring...
a redistribution of wealth by way of progressive taxation and welfare
pragmatic reforms, nationalism and tradition parliamentary monarch+property
changing European government structure to and American style republic
a return by kings and aristocrats, militarism, and Social Darwinism
33
The 30 Years War was fought almost entirely in...
Poland
France
Germany (HRE)
the Netherlands
34
He coined the term "Survival of the fittest" and used sociological statistics to argue for the ideas of Social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer
Max Weber
T.H. Huxley
Ernst Haeckl
35
In 1825, reform minded, "westernizing" Russian nobles and officers were defeated in support of Prince Constantine
Socialists
Mensheviks
Pan-Slavs
Decembrists
36
The Renaissance began in northern Italy in part because...
the Italian city-states were wealthy from trade with the east
the Church in Italy encouraged neo-Platonism
the influences of Erasmus on his home region
scholars used the vernacular rather than latin
37
What was
NOT
a response to the ideas of Charles Darwin?
Some saw it as proof of a materialistic and atheistic worldview, animals
Darwin's ideas were generally considered mostly irrelevant to debates
Some intellectuals rejected Darwin's ideas as too incomplete or weak
Some thought evolution was perhaps God's method an that Genesis was poetic
38
Before WWI, Nicholas II tried to rally nationalism in Russia by fighting ______ for control of Manchuria; the Russians
lost to the Ottomans
lost to China
lost to Korea
lost to Japan
39
Ultimately the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917-1918 succeeded in taking power initially because...
Nicholas failed to reform land issues and peasants wanted food and land
World War I, ed by both Nicholas II and Kerensky,was tremendously unpopular
All of the above
The Bolsheviks acted boldly and ruthlessly in a time of chaos
40
Which of these is NOT an example of NATIONALISM being mixed or even superior to with religious motives for conflicts ...
The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572
Scottish refusal to hand national and Calvinist church to Anglican rules
German resistance to indulgence monies going to build St. Peters in Rome
Catholic Portugal fighting against Catholic Spain in the 30 Years War
41
Which area was mostly German but also included Italians, Swiss, Dutch, was a loose federation of hundreds of princes
Poland-Lithuania
The Hanseatic League
Holy Roman Empire
the Netherlands
42
The emphasis of Northern Renaissance humanists on religious themes was most closely connected to their...
concern over the threat posed by the expansion of the Ottoman Empire
desire to reform what they saw as shortcomings of the Roman Catholic Church
attempts to revive belief in the ancient Greek and Roman gods
hope to create a new religion based on reason rather than tradition
43
Before WWI, which nation was allied with Germany, but switched sides when war actually broke out?
Japan
Italy
Romania
The Turks
44
By the end of the War of the 3 Henris people in France who wanted to secularize politics and were relatively tolerant
cavaliers
Mennonites
politiques
Huguenots
45
Which of the following is
not
a fundamental concept in capitalism?
in general, government shouldn't interfere in natural economic behaviors
as supply rises, price generally decreses
the actual value of an item comes from the laborer
competition is the invisible hand that creates economic efficiencies
46
Pope Leo XIII condemned both socialism and greedy capitalism had led to rise of which political party?
Christian Socialist
Peasant and Land Parties
Christian Democrats
Classical Liberals
47
Photography, new oil paints, psychology and new philosophies all inspired new schools of thought in painting in the 19th
Post-Impressionism
Cubism
Romanticism
Realism
48
John Calvin's Model of covenant democracy included all of these except:
the church was an arm of the state, subordinate to civil authority
Calvin himself advised the government of Geneva
written constitutions' binding the rulers and the ruled
the Elect could vote for parliaments of councils
49
Emphasized the role of irrational (id), highly motivated by drives like pleasure, promoted psychoanalytic therapy
C. Jung
S. Freud
F. Niezche
I. Pavlov
50
At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church leadership...
compromised on theological positions regarding the superiority of clergy
rejected Protestant positions on theology, asserted Papal supremacy
agreed to work with Protestant theologian to create a acceptable compromise
accept Protestant positions on most issues, but no clerical marriage
51
19th century socialist who actually took over Paris in 1848 revolution, created "National Workshops", until 2nd Republic
Louis Daguerre
Henri St Simon
Auguste Comte
Louis Blanc
52
Freud, Nietzsche and others connected Darwin to irrationality of humanity, actions driven by biological programming
determinism
humanism
nihilism
eschatology
53
The German Weimar republic was plagued with all of these problems except...
hyperinflation and a major depression from 1918-24
a constitution that limited German individual freedom
A communist revolt in Berlin as the republic began
The French seizure of German assets in the Ruhr
54
Economic enterprise and investment arose from innovations in finance which promoted the growth of money economy...
Came from France
Came from the Netherlands
Came from Britain
Came from Portugal
55
Calvinism was popular with the bourgeois in urban areas like Geneva, London, Edinburgh, and Amsterdam. Because...
Calvinists believed that God predestined the class structure
Calvinists beelieved the poor were closer to God than clergy or nobility
Calvinists thought wealth was a sign of God's favor, a reward for hard work
Calvinists were radical about equality
56
The fact that textiles were the first major factory, influenced by the 1769 invention of...
the steam pump by John Newcomen
the power loom by Richard Arkwright
the reaper by Cyrus McCormick
the light bulb by Thomas Edison
57
A major goal of English Chartists in the 1840's was...
The vote for all men
Protective tariffs for farm products
War with France
Equal distribution of wealth
58
The Dreyfus Affair in late 19th century France resulted all of the following except...
The death of Emile Zola, murdered for defending Dreyfus
The government collapsed and was replaced by a Liberal-Socialist coalition
The scandal triggered a war with the Germans
Some Jews, like Theodore Herzl, rejected integration, hope in Zionism
59
Which of the following would not be typical of the latter or second Industrial revolution?
wiring an apartment building for electricity
building out of iron
Petroleum as a major fuel resource
a corporation with global operations
60
After the "Sepoy Mutiny" and during the "Raj"...
the Mughals attempted to requncous india from Britain
India was granted partial independence
india was ruled by the BEIC
india shifted from the BEIC control to the British government
61
Which of the following is
NOT
a nationalist group?
Risorgimiento and Young Italy
Pan-German Movement
The British Fabians
Pan-Slavic movment
62
What was NOT a problem within the Catholic Church that irritated Martin Luther?
simony
church and state alliances
the drain of wealth to Rome from the rest of Europe
indulgences
63
What is not a significant effect of the Franco-Prussian War?
the establishment of the Third French Republic
the establishment of the Second German Reich
the diversion of French troops allows Italy to seize Rome from the Pope
the independence of Belgium
64
Good Luck
90%
70%
100%
80%
65
The increased population from the Agricultural Revolution, peasants began to weave cloth with foot powered looms system
mercantalism
enclosure
factory system
domestic system
66
Wealth and talented commoners gained access to power in the 17th and 18th century; this 'meritocracy' is evidenced by...
all of the above
the oligarchy of Dutch merchants in the Netherlands
the rise of the "nobles of the robe" and power of intendants in France
the rise of the "gentry" in the House of Commons
67
What was NOT a policy of Elizabeth I?
She used public relations to win public support
She used strategic marriage to gain a key ally
She ruthlessly suppressed a Catholic revolt
She sent out "Sea Dogs" to raid Spanish colonies and galleons
68
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill were leading proponents of Utilitarianism. This can be described as...
Slow change is better than rapid change. Tradition, religion, and the past
The redistribution of material will create a perfect society
Social ethics and government should deliver the greatest material happiness
Man is simply andd animal;science is our only guide,survival of the fittest
69
The Glorious Revolution of 1688-89 resulted in all of the following except...
most English men were allowed to vote for the House of Commons
the passage of the bill of rights
increased the power of the House of Commons to share rule with the Crown
the defeat of the Irish at the Battle of the Boyne
70
Trench Warfare was terrible because...
Not glorious at all
It was mentally taxing
All of the above
Lots of people died
71
Henry the Navigator had innovative technologies and a new sturdy ship, the caravel, to discover routes to Asia for...
the Dutch
Spain
France
Portugal
72
Which choice is not true in describing how family and gender roles change in late 19th century western Europe?
children's lives were easier due to education and child labor law'
women were welcomed into new bourgeois professions
urban family sizes decreased and more children survived to adulthood
people married for romance and love instead of arranged marriages
73
Which of the following paintings is
NOT
from the Romantic era?
E. Munch The Scream
Goya Execution...
C.D. Friedrich Monks
Delcariox Liberty Leading the People
74
The French cartoon above refers to a conference in Berlin in 1885 meant to...
Deal with the slave trade in Africa
Create an alliance to prevent the Frnch from colonizing Africa
Draw colonial boundaries in Africa, ignoring the Africans
protect Africa from colonial explotation
75
The "White Mans Burden" was...
Kipling's poem claimed that colonization provided the benefits of European
the necessity of finding resources to keep the industrial Revolution going
an essay by David Livingstone is defense of human rights in Africa
supposedly scientific arguments that natives were biologically inferior
76
Which of these is NOT descriptive of how Peter the Great gained control of Russia?
the streltsi and his rebel sister were ruthlessly crushed for rebellion
serfs were given more freedom in exchange for their loyal service
boyars (landowners) were organized into the Table of Ranks
the Orthodox church, which were put under control of a civilian offical
77
Johann Gutenberg is known for...
pioneering movable type (the printing press)
his opposition to church wealth and prestige
works encouraging lay piety
his skill in establishing a banking empire that funded the Hanseatic League
78
Between the War of Spanish Succession and the Seven Years War, what did NOT happen in global geopolitics?
The Diplomatic Revolution aligned France with its old rival Austria
The British became the major challenge to balance of power
The British navy suffered major defeats and lost trade routes to India
the asiento gave Britain access to Spanish markets in America
79
The poem by William Wordsworth expresses which 19th century philosophical assertion?
The notion that art should portray the daily, mundane reality of commoners
A Christian disdain for intellectual elitism and defense of moral truth
the ideal of equality of all humanity
It opposes the Enlightenment worship of reason and idealizes nature, truth
80
Which of the following is most closely associated with Friedrich Nietzsche?
the rejection of equality and rationality as absolutes
elimination of private property to create a good society
the belief that reason can overcome instinct and irrationality
belief in the superiority of Christian civilization
81
After Russia threatened Ottoman Turkey in 1854, Britain, France and Sardinia attached Russia. What is not true?
It mostly took place in Russia's Crimean peninsula
It illustrated the distrust of Russia by Western powers
it became a strategic stalemate where many troops died of disease
Despite rising secularism, it pitted Christian powers vs Islam
82
Which of the following is not a reason the Industrial Revolution first flourished in Britain?
a thriving sea trade, ports, and shipping industry
colonial profits, often based on slavery, provided capital
British law and government favored entrepreneurs and inventors
vast deposits of petroleum and gas
83
Which of the following statements best reflects the ideas of Karl Marx
humans are essentially evil and need strong control
A classless society will emerge at the end of the dialectical process
population grows in geometric progression
the market is governed by an invisible hand
84
What trait did Marxists, Socialists, Social Darwinists, and Utilitarians have in common?
They all generally favored colonization of Africa and Asia
They were all generally Romantic in outlook
They all generally favored women's equality
They were generally anticlerical
85
Under the rule of Oliver Cromwell, all of these things happened except...
He crushed the Irish uprising with much bloodshed
Christmas, sports, and the theater were outlawed
Jews were welcomed, but many Christian sects were persecuted
England lost several colonies to the Dutch and Spanish
86
Which of the following best describes the Socialist Paris Commune of 1870-71
the Commune overthrew Napoleon III
the Commune successfully defended Paris against the Prussian army
the Commune was crushed by the French forces with German aid
the Commune successfully established a more democratic government in France
87
Which of these is
NOT
a statement about the capitalist ideas of Adam Smith?
The "invisible hand" of human nature-profit and competition will solve most
No help for the poor from goverment because the poor are inferior by nature
Government intervention in the economy should be minimal or laissez-faire
Division of labor into small tasks creates more efficiency, and makes goods
88
William Tyndale was executed...
...by Henry VIII for translating the Bible into English
...by Bloody Mary for leading the English Calvinists
...by Elizabeth for spying for the Catholic Church and Phillip II
...by Henry VIII for opposing his marriage to Anne Boleyn
89
In 1685, Louis XIV issued the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes which...
... allowed tolerance for all sects of Christians in France
... created a unified economy and tax system
... put the Catholic Church under civilian bureaucrat
... outlawed the Huguenots- "one king, one nation, one church"
90
The results of the 7 Years War included all these except...
Quebec became British territory
Prussia was conqured by the French
India was under British influence
Britain was deep in debt
91
The gasoline combustion engine was invented in the 1880s by...
Nikola Tesla
Henry Ford
Gottlieb Daimler
Ferdinand von Zeppelin
92
Shortly after becoming Kaiser, Wilhelm II signaled a radical change in German policy by...
firing Bismarck as chancellor
Attacking the Catholic Church
Outlawing the Social Democrats
outlawing unions
93
The Spanish Armada sailed against England because Phillip II was angry about all of these
EXCEPT...
Acts of Piracy sanctioned against Spanish treasure galleons
English support for the Dutch revolt
Elizabeth;s alliance with the Turks at Lepanto
the execution of Mary Queen of Scots by her cousin Elizabeth
94
He became king of France in 1830, promises of "citizen king", fled in 1848, and looked like a pear
Louis Philippe
Louis XVIII
Charles X
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
95
Which of the following statements is NOT true : "The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572) ...
...resulted in the murder of key Huguenot leaders, Henri Bourbon survived
... was backed by Queen Mother Catherine d'Medici and the ultra-Catholic
...immediately led to the start of the Thirty Years War
...shocked moderate French politiques and angered Protestants throughout
96
The Labor Theory of Value states the value of an item is the sum of the cost of raw material plus...
its utilitarian value
the potential value to society
the risk of the investor
the effort of the laborer
97
What is not true of the begging of WWI?
Most nations and their peoples celebrated the outbreak of war
Entangling alliances dragged many nations into war
Tension was heightened by the races for colonies and arms superiority
Britain was drawn in due to their alliance with Serbia
98
Which of the following is NOT an example of European states of rulers that moved toward more religious pluralism?
The religious policies of James I and Charles I of England
The general policy of the Dutch Republic toward religious minorities
The Edic of Nantes 1598, by Henry IV of France
Elizabeth I's attitude toward non-Anglicans
99
In the early 19th century, Classical liberalism included all of these ideas
except...
letting most (or all) men vote for parliament
generous social welfare for lower classes
laissez-faire government (regarding economics) and a right to property
natural rights of all people, maximizing individual liberty
100
British suffragettes divided over tactics; one group advocated peaceful means, but militant groups attacked property.
Emmeline Pankhurst
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
Catherine Booth
Florence Nightingale
