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Ch 4 Chemistry PH Atomic Structure Flashcards | StudBud
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Ch 4 Chemistry PH Atomic Structure
Ch 4 Chemistry PH Atomic Structure
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atomic structure
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1
What did Thomson contribute to atomic theory?
electrons have quantized amounts of energy
negative charge is concentrated in a core, or nucleus
positive charge is concentrated in a core, or nucleus
negatively charged particles, now called electrons
2
What are the relative charges of the three main subatomic particles?
Proton 1+, electron 1–, neutron 1+
Proton 2+, electron 1–, neutron 0
Proton 2+, electron 1+, neutron 1–
Proton 1+, electron 1–, neutron 0
3
What does the number represent in platinum-194?
The electric charge of the isotope
The mass number of the isotope
The date when the element was discovered
The atomic number of the isotope
4
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
Add one to the atomic number.
Subtract one from the mass number.
Add the atomic number and the mass number.
5
Isotopes of the same element have different
atomic numbers
chemical behavior
mass numbers
positions on the periodic table
6
All atoms of the same element have the same ____.
number of protons
mass
mass numbers
number of neutrons
7
What unit is used to measure weighted average atomic mass?
angstrom
gram
amu
nanogram
8
What experimental evidence led Rutherford to conclude that an atom is mostly empty space?
alpha particles mostly passing straight through the gold
alpha particles deflecting from the gold at wide angles
alpha particles all passing straight through the gold
cathode ray passing through gold with minimal deflection
9
How do the isotopes of a given element differ from one another?
same mass numbers but different numbers of electrons
different mass numbers and different numbers of neutrons
same mass numbers but different numbers of protons
different mass numbers and electrons are different
10
Using the periodic table, determine the number of neutrons in Oxygen.
16
8
4
24
11
The nucleus of an atom is
positively charged and has more protons than neutrons
negatively charged and has a low density
the central core and is composed of protons and neutrons
negatively charged and has a high density
12
What distinguishes the atoms of one element from the atoms of another?
The total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
The number of neutrons in the nucleus
The number of protons in the nucleus
13
What are three types of subatomic particles?
Ions, neutrons, nucleus
Muons, ions, electrons
Protons, electrons, neutrons
Protons, electrons, nucleus
14
According to Dalton's postulates, how do atoms relate to elements?
all atoms are identical
the same atom may be part of two or more elements
None of these
atoms of one element differ from atoms of other elements
15
How does the Rutherford model describe the structure of atoms?
negative nucleus surrounded by positive protons
protons embedded in a negatively charged solid core
electrons embedded in a positively charged solid core
positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons
16
What did Millikan hope to learn from this experiment?
The mass of an electron
The size of an electron
The speed of an electron
The charge of an electron
17
How do the isotopes hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2 differ?
Hydrogen-2 has one more electron than hydrogen-1.
Hydrogen-2 has one neutron; hydrogen-1 has none.
Hydrogen-2 has two protons; hydrogen-1 has one.
Hydrogen-2 has one proton; hydrogen-1 has none.
18
All atoms are
neutral, with protons equaling electrons
neutral, with protons equaling electrons equaling neutrons
positively charged, with protons exceeding electrons
negatively charged, with electrons exceeding protons
19
Comparing the number of atoms in a coin with the number of people on Earth illustrates what?
there is one atom for every person on Earth
that atoms are very large
that atoms are very small
that atoms are indivisible
20
How did Democritus characterize atoms?
As indivisible, indestructible particles
As a form of energy, and not matter
As particles of matter that heat could destroy
As particles that could be divided into small pieces
21
What does the number 84 in the name krypton-84 represent?
the atomic number
the sum of the protons and electrons
the mass number
twice the number of protons
22
Whose contribution to atomic theory provided the basis for chemical formulas?
James Chadwick
J. J. Thomson
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
23
Which of the following is correct concerning subatomic particles?
Cathode rays were found to be made of protons.
The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932.
The electron was discovered by Goldstein in 1886.
The proton was discovered by Thomson in 1880.
