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US History & Government - WWII
US History & Government - WWII
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NYS US History Regents WWII Questions 2000 - 2013
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1
The war crimes trials of German & Japanese military officials following WWII established that
Genocidal acts are acceptable during wartime
It is hard to convict leaders of crimes against humanity
Civil liberties must expand for civilians during wartime
Individuals can be held responsible for wartime atrocities
2
These speakers would have made these statements during
World War II
The Korean War
The Vietnam War
World War I
3
What effect did the end of WWII have on American women who worked during the war?
Their contributions were rewarded by the government
They were invited to join labor unions
Their wages were increased to match those of male workers
Their jobs were taken by returning servicemen
4
During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used to
Recruit women into wartime industries
Promote women’s suffrage
Encourage women to serve in the armed forces
Support higher education for women
5
What was a major reason for wartime rationing?
Providing jobs for the unemployed
Preventing currency deflation
Ensuring that troops were adequately supplied
Restricting lower-priced food imports
6
What is the most accurate title for this map?
American Imperialism in the 20th Century
World War II in the Pacific
Creation of Wartime Alliances
Causes of World War II
7
Which feature of the home front during WWII is most clearly illustrated by this 1944 cartoon?
Food rationing
Conserving natural resources
Juvenile delinquency
Housing shortages
8
Question Below
Committed crimes against humanity
Established communist polices states
Overthrown monarchies by force
Violated nonaggression pacts
9
President Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan was based on the belief that the
action would save American lives by avoiding an invasion
action would help create a military alliance with China
action would force Germany and Italy to lay down their arms
action would persuade the Soviet Union to surrender
10
The war crimes trials in Nuremberg & Tokyo following World War II established the concept that
Nations could be made to pay for wartime damages
Those convicted should be given shorter sentences
Pardons should be granted to all accused war criminals
Individuals can be held accountable for their actions in war
11
This agreement made at the Potsdam Conference led directly to the
Announcement of the Truman Doctrine
Division of Germany into occupations zones
Creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Trial in Nuremburg, Germany
12
The D-Day invasion in June 1944 was important to the outcome of World War II because it
Avoided use of the atomic bomb against civilian targets
Opened a new Allied front in Europe
Forced Italy to surrender
Stopped Soviet advances in eastern Europe
13
During the early years of WWII, the Destroyer Deal & Lend-Lease Act were efforts by the US to
Help the Allies without formally declaring war
Negotiate a settlement of the war
Provide help to both sides in the war
Maintain strict neutrality toward the war
14
Photographs and posters showing scenes similar to these were used by the federal government to
Encourage women to accept combat roles
Discourage women from taking jobs from men with families
Recruit women to fill wartime manufacturing jobs
Support the goal of equal pay for equal work
15
Which statement best explains why the US mainland suffered minimal damage in WWI & WWII?
Latin America provided a buffer from acts of aggression
The US policy of isolationism discouraged attacks
Geographic location kept the US protected
US military fortifications prevented attacks on US soil
16
To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the
Printing of additional paper money
Sale of war bonds
Money borrowed from foreign governments
Sale of United States manufactured goods to neutral nations
17
In urging the US to become the “arsenal of democracy,” President FDR meant the nation should
Send troops to Europe to fight in the war
Makes its neutrality laws more restrictive
Provide war materials to Allied nations
Create a military draft
18
The post-WWII trials held by the Allies in Germany and Japan set an international precedent by
Placing blame only on civilian leaders
Forcing nations to pay for war damages
Returning conquered territories to their peoples
Holding individuals accountable for their war crimes
19
The poster indicates that rationing during World War II was a
Way of reassuring that only the wealthy could buy products
Policy to encourage small business owners
Program that was applied equally to all Americans
Necessity caused by farm failures during the Depression
20
The entrance of the United States into World War II was preceded by
Unauthorized presidential use of US troops in Japan
President FDR’s successful effort to end the Holocaust
Legislation encouraging the immigration of war refugees
US aid to help Great Britain defend itself against Germany
21
What was the major purpose of the Lend-Lease Act (1941)?
Sending United States troops to defend France
Keeping the Soviet Union from invading China
Helping Great Britain without going to war
Profiting from Germany’s demand for steel & oil from the US
22
What was a key challenge faced by the United States during World War II?
Total reliance on naval power
Fighting the war on several fronts
Difficulty gaining congressional support
Lack of public support for the war effort
23
The policy of Cash & Carry, Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal & Lend-Lease Act were all designed
to contribute to the success of the Axis powers
to relieve unemployment caused by the Great Depression
to aid the Allies without involving the United States in war
to guarantee a third term to President Franklin D. Roosevelt
24
The use of this card, issued by the federal government, was intended to
Decrease the cost of automobiles
Increase the use of gasoline
Help the automobile industry
Support the troops in wartime
25
The main purpose of the World War II coupons shown in this illustration was to
Encourage increased production of consumer goods
Choose men for the draft
Conserve essential goods for military use
Pay defense contractors for military hardware
26
During World War II, the need of the United States for more war materials resulted in the
Easing of government controls on the economy
Reduction in profits for defense industries
Use of lengthy strikes by labor unions
Rationing of some consumer goods
27
The war crimes trials that followed WWII were significant because for the first time
Nations on both sides were found guilty of causing the war
Individuals were held accountable for their actions
Nations were asked to pay for war damages
Individuals were given immunity from prosecution
28
FDR referred to December 7, 1941 as “a date which will live in infamy” because on that day
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor
Italy declared war on the United States
Germany invaded Poland
The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
29
One reason the Nuremberg trials following World War II were held was to
Punish the German government for bombing England
Bring Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo to justice
Make German leaders accountable for the Holocaust
Force Japan to pay for the attack on Pearl Harbor
30
One way in which Pearl Harbor and the attacks of 9/11, are similar is that both led to
The impeachment of the president
The creation of a military draft
Increasing isolation
Major changes in United States foreign policy
31
Before entering World War II, the United States acted as the “arsenal of democracy” by
Financing overseas radio broadcasts in support of democracy
Supplying war materials to the Allies
Providing workers for overseas factories
Creating a weapons stockpile for use after the war
32
In 1939, the immediate response of the US to the start of World War II in Europe was to
Strengthen its isolationist position by ending trade with UK
Modify its neutrality policy by providing aid to the Allies
Declare war on Germany and Italy
Send troops to the Allied nations to act as advisors
33
These illustrations were used during World War II to encourage women to
Donate food to help feed the Allied forces
Support the war effort by working in defense industries
Raise revenue by buying war bonds
Conserve household products to support the war effort
34
During World War II, many women experienced a change in role in that they
Controlled most corporations
Worked in jobs formerly held by men
Served in military combat positions
Chaired several congressional committees
35
In 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt responded to the start of World War II in Europe by
Attempting to negotiate a peaceful settlement of the war
Selling military supplies to the Allied nations
Urging continued appeasement of aggressor nations
Asking Congress to enter the war
36
Which sequence of these events related to World War II is in the correct chronological order?
D / B / A / C
B / A / D / C
C / A / B / D
A / B / C / D
37
After the end of World War II, many working women left their factory jobs because they were
Fired from their jobs due to poor performance
Forced to give up their jobs to returning war veterans
Dissatisfied with their low wages
Unprepared for peacetime employment
38
During World War II, the federal government dealt with the problem shown in this cartoon by
Setting higher mileage standards for car manufacturers
Ending the use of tanks by the military
Increasing imports of oil from the Dutch East Indies
Rationing gasoline used by American drivers
39
Question Below
Withdrawal from overseas colonies
Reduction in war preparedness
Expansion of trade with the Axis powers
Increase in support for the Allied powers
40
Women played a major role on the domestic front during World War II by
Demonstrating against involvement in the war
Becoming candidates for public office
Campaigning for woman’s suffrage
Taking jobs in the defense industry
41
Which statement identifies a change in American society during World War II?
The Great Depression worsened
Economic opportunities for women increased
Government regulation of the economy decreased
Racial tensions were eliminated
42
The “cash and carry” policy and the Lend-Lease Act were used by the United States to
Support the Allies in WWII without entering the war
Fulfill treaty obligations with Great Britain and France
Help fund League of Nations efforts to maintain peace
Encourage British appeasement of Germany
43
The Nuremburg trials held at the conclusion of World War II added to international law by
Ruling that moral considerations do not apply in war
Placing the blame for World War II on many nations
Establishing that officials are responsible for their acts
Settling boundary disputes in Europe through arbitration
44
During World War II, posters like this were used to
Convince women to enlist in the military services
Prevent antiwar protests
Recruit more women workers
Gain acceptance for wartime rationing programs
45
The Nuremberg War Crimes trials of 1945-1949 established the international precedent that
Military leaders are not responsible for actions in war
The US should avoid commitments to foreign nations
Soldiers must obey orders even if it conflicts with morality
Individuals may be tried for crimes against humanity
46
FDR said the US needed to become the “great arsenal of democracy” because he was trying to
Limit the influence of the defense industry
Assist the Allied nations
Gain public support for a third term
Increase the number of Supreme Court justices
47
Question Below
International law may not be applied to national leaders
Protection of civil liberties depends on the circumstances
Only nations are considered responsible for wartime actions
Leaders can be held accountable for crimes against humanity
48
Rationing was used in the United States during World War II as a way to
increase the number of imports
raise production of consumer goods
provide markets for American-made products
ensure adequate supplies of scarce natural resources
49
Which change in US foreign policy is demonstrated by the passage of these acts prior to WWII?
A desire to provide aid to both Allied and Axis powers
A movement from isolationism to containment of communism
An effort to become more neutral
A shift from neutrality toward more direct involvement
50
Prior to WWII, Congress passed the Cash & Carry Act & Lend-Lease Act. This showed that the US
Became increasingly drawn into the war in Europe
Maintained a strict policy of isolationism
Attempted to contain the spread of communism
Gave equal support to both the Allied and Axis Powers
51
The Manhattan Project led by Robert Oppenheimer was part of the World War II effort to
Supply the Allies with more fighter planes
Develop the atomic bomb
Ban the use of chemical and biological warfare
Coordinate troop movement between New York and Europe
52
Which speakers hold the view that using the bomb was an appropriate military action?
B & C
B & D
A & B
A & C
53
To help win World War II, the federal government found it necessary to
Integrate the military
Impose rationing and price controls
Return to the gold standard
Outlaw labor unions
54
Which standard of justice was applied to Nazi leaders who were tried at Nuremberg after WWII?
Military attacks on civilian populations are legal
Individuals can be held responsible for war crimes
Only the League of Nations can determine international law
Military officers are not accountable for crimes
55
In which pair of events is the second event a response to the first?
Germany’s invasion of Poland – Munich Conference
Holocaust – Nuremberg War Crimes trials
Manhattan Project – Lend-Lease Act
Truman Doctrine – D-Day Invasion
56
Which program was President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposing in this speech?
Fair Deal
Cash and Carry
Great Society
Lend-Lease
57
Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to
Work on the development of an atomic bomb
Defend New York City against a nuclear attack
Increase economic production to meet wartime demands
Recruit men for the military services
58
Consumer rationing was used during the World War II as a way to
Limit supplies of weapons to American allies
Ensure that the military had essential materials
Increase exploration for natural resources
Draft men in to the armed forces
59
During World War II, the federal government urged Americans to support the war effort by
Manufacturing more consumer goods
Reducing consumption of resources needed for the military
Investing their savings in the stock market
Increasing spending to stimulate the economy
60
The scientists working on the Manhattan Project during World War II were responsible for
Developing the atomic bomb
Creating materials for biological and chemical warfare
Building satellites to spy on the Axis nations
Designing weapons for the D-Day invasion
61
The Nuremberg War Crimes trials established the international legal precedent that
Individuals who violate human rights can be held responsible
Territory lost in war cannot be regained
Invaders must pay to rebuild the areas they destroyed
The US will give refugee status to all victims of war
62
Why was the United States called the “arsenal of democracy” in 1940?
Most battles to defend democracy took place in the US
The leaders in Europe's democracies were educated in the US
The US supervised European elections before the war
The US provided much of the weapons needed to fight the Axis
63
These posters were trying to convince Americans that winning World War II required
Wage and price freezes
The conservation of scarce resources
Higher levels of taxation and spending
The sale of additional war bonds
64
The major reason for President Truman’s decision to use atomic bombs against Japan was the
Plan to bring democratic government to Japan after the war
Potential loss of American lives form an invasion of Japan
Failure of the island-hopping campaign against Japan
Need to defeat japan before defeating Germany
65
During World War II, this poster was used primarily to
Convince women to fill vacant factory jobs
Create jobs for the unemployed
Gain financial support for the war
Contain the spread of communism
66
These statements most likely were made during the
1920s
Versailles Peace Conference (1919)
Great Depression
Post-World War II period
67
These World War II posters encouraged Americans to
Support home-front war efforts
Demand higher wages
Enlist in the armed services
Purchase new automobiles
68
This World War II poster recognizes the
Return of women to the workforce after the war
Legal equality of women
Role of women as military officers
Contributions of women to wartime defense
69
During World War II, the Manhattan Project was the name of the plan to
Capture Pacific islands held by the Japanese
Open a second front in Europe
Liberate German concentration camps
Develop the atomic bomb
70
Convictions of war criminals by courts at Tokyo & Nuremberg following World War II showed that
The League of Nations could successfully enforce int'l law
Nations that start wars would be forced to rebuild
The UN accepted responsibility for int'l peacekeeping
Gov't & military leaders could be held accountable
71
These posters were used during World War II to encourage women to
Exercise their vote
Serve in the armed forces
Buy war bonds
Contribute to the effort
72
During World War II, the federal government used rationing to
Increased imports of scarce products
Provide more resources for the military
Hold down prices of military weapons
Increased educational benefits for veterans
73
This World War II cartoon was used to encourage Americans to
Work in war industries
Conserve natural resources
Service in the armed forces
Buy war bonds
74
Which situation is
Speaker B
describing?
Destruction of crops during wartime
Food rationing to support a war effort
Need for importation of food products
Limitation of agricultural production through farm subsidies
75
Which statement most accurately expresses the main idea of this 1942 cartoon?
The Atlantic Charter will help only Europe and Asia
The United States intends to rule the entire world
US strategy will be to win the war in the Pacific first
Allied goals in World War II will affect every nation
76
Which statement about the United States economy during World War II is most accurate?
Price fell rapidly
Federal economic controls increased
The manufacturing of automobiles increased
Worker productivity declined
77
Which change in American society occurred during World War II?
Congress enacted the first military draft
Women replaced men in essential wartime industries
African Americans were granted equality in the armed forces
Women were allowed to enter combat units for the first time
78
The war crimes trials of German & Japanese officials after WWII demonstrate the principle that
International law may not be applied to national leaders
Only nations can be considered responsible for war actions
Nations have the authority to suspend human rights
Leaders can be held accountable for crimes against humanity
79
Which list of wars that involved the United States is in the correct chronological order?
Vietnam War – War on Terrorism – Korean War – World War II
World War II – Korean War – Vietnam War – War on Terrorism
Korean War – World War II – Vietnam War – War on Terrorism
World War II – Vietnam War – War on Terrorism – Korean War
80
A main purpose of government-ordered rationing during World War II was to
Increase foreign trade
Conserve raw materials for the war effort
Limit the growth of industry
Encourage women to enter the workforce
81
In this statement, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was asking the nation to
Become the “arsenal of democracy”
Support a declaration of war against Nazi Germany
Adopt a policy of containment
Join the League of Nations
82
Which trial established the principle that leaders may be tried for crimes against humanity?
Rosenberg
Scopes
Nuremberg
Sacco and Vanzetti
83
The map shows that the Allied forces
Had military support from the Soviets throughout the war
Conducted most of the battles north of the Hawaiian Islands
Maintained control of the Philippines from the beginning
Made slow but steady progress in defeating Japan
84
A key purpose of this World War II poster was to
Gain support for the war effort
Encourage protests against the war
Influence the Axis powers to end the war
Illustrate the nature of modern warfare
85
In this statement, President Roosevelt was addressing Congress about the
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Air raids on the Panama Canal
D-Day invasion of France
Sinking of merchant ships in the Atlantic Ocean
86
The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 changed US policy toward nations involved in WWII because it
Authorized the seizure of British assets in the US
Imposed a trade boycott on Germany and Japan
Approved the appeasement by the French & British govts
Supplied war materials to Allies w/o a declaration of war