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Biology Final 2020
Biology Final 2020
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1
Which of the following best describes the molecules labeled B in Figure 4.1?
carbon monoxide entering the light-independent reactions
water entering the thylakoid membrane
carbon dioxide entering the Calvin cycle
oxygen entering an electron transport chain
2
Which of the following is an example of an internal factor that controls the cell cycle?
growth factor
cell-cell contact
erythropoietin
kinase
3
What does a cell make during the synthesis stage of the cell cycle?
more organelles
daughter cells
greater surface area
a copy of DNA
4
Which is the correct description of evolution?
change in biodiversity across Earth's surface
relationship between organisms' structure and function
beneficial inherited trait that is passed to future generations
change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
5
Water enters a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is
concentrated.
weak.
hypotonic to the cell.
hypertonic to the cell.
6
Which is true about a dependent variable in an experiment?
It never changes during the experiment.
It is not affected by the independent variable.
It is the experimental data.
It is manipulated by a scientist.
7
The aerobic stages of cellular respiration take place in the
cell membrane.
cytoplasm.
mitochondria.
grana.
8
What are the four main groups of carbon-based molecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
sugars, cellulose, triglycerides, and monosaccharides
starches, cholesterol, fatty acids, and amino acids
polysaccharides, sugars, oils, and polymers
9
Which features are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
centrioles and centrosomes
cell walls and chloroplasts
vesicles and vacuoles
mitochondria and ribosomes
10
Before a cell can move from the G or G stage to the next stage of the cell cycle, it must grow and
double in size.
pass a critical checkpoint.
complete interphase.
duplicate its DNA.
11
Scientific theories can change when scientists
provide conflicting scientific evidence.
prove an alternate theory.
criticize existing data.
prepare and test different hypotheses.
12
Which process would bacteria living near a heat vent on the ocean floor use to build carbon-based molecules, such as sug
fermentation
cellular respiration
chemosynthesis
light-independent reactions
13
Which organelles are involved in the process called endocytosis?
lysosomes and vesicles
macrophages and ribosomes
phagocytes and centrioles
mitochondria and ribosomes
14
The breakdown of which of the following provides the largest number of ATP per molecule?
cellulose
proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
15
If a tumor is malignant, then cancer cells from the tumor
can form more tumors.
create more carcinogens.
are harmless.
remain clustered together.
16
Which statement is true of the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2?
Its centromere has been lost during the copying of DNA.
Its telomeres have been shortened due to repeated cell division.
Its sister chromatids have spindle fibers attached.
Its left and right halves carry identical genetic information.
17
How does the addition of an acid affect a neutral solution?
The H+ ion concentration is increased.
The acid is neutralized.
The pH is raised.
The solvent concentration is increased.
18
What is the result of an endothermic chemical reaction?
no energy absorbed or released
products have lower bond energy than reactants
more energy absorbed than released
hydrogen bonds are broken down
19
On Earth, biodiversity generally increases from the
east to the west.
equator to the rainforest.
poles to the equator.
north to the south.
20
Which phrase describes the function of the mitochondria?
packages proteins
supplies energy to the cell
fluid-filled sac used for storage
breaks down chemicals
21
Only individuals belonging to the same species are able to
use similar metabolic processes.
respond to stimuli in the same way.
reproduce by interbreeding.
inhabit a particular ecosystem.
22
Offspring that are genetically unique are the result of
mitotic reproduction.
asexual reproduction.
sexual reproduction.
vegetative reproduction.
23
During which of the following stages shown in Figure 5.1 does cytokinesis take place?
gap 2
synthesis
mitosis
gap 1
24
Which organisms use alcoholic fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue to produce ATP?
humans
mammals
yeasts
reptiles
25
Which organelles are involved in defending a cell against viruses?
lysosomes
chloroplasts
vacuoles
centrosomes
26
Which of the following phrases best describes active transport?
moves substance against concentration gradient
does not use chemical energy
relies on diffusion of materials
forms a vesicle around a large particle
27
How is the cell shown in Figure 3.1 different from a prokaryotic cell?
It has cytoplasm.
It has DNA.
It has a nucleus.
It has a cell membrane.
28
How are atoms held together in molecules?
They form ions.
They combine to form polymers.
They break hydrogen bonds.
They form covalent bonds.
29
Which property of carbon makes it the "building block of life"?
its specific heat
its hydrogen bonding
its ability to dissolve substances
its covalent bonding
30
Which of the following statements is true of the many parts of the biosphere?
Each part is isolated from the others.
Each part includes salt water.
Each part is connected to all the others.
Each part is completely unique.
31
The gap 1, gap 2, and synthesis stages of the cell cycle make up
interphase.
mitosis.
cytokinesis.
telophase.
32
Which of the following reproduce asexually through mitosis?
some multicellular and unicellular eukaryotes
only unicellular eukaryotes
most unicellular prokaryotes
many multicellular eukaryotes
33
When scientists are "evaluating results" as a part of scientific thinking, they mainly
explain data they collected and analyzed.
use statistics to analyze their data.
examine prior research on a topic.
collect data from other scientists.
34
Which substance would be considered to be the solute in Figure 2.1?
Substance A is the solution and substance B is the solvent.
Both substances A and B are solutes.
Substance A is the solute because it is smaller than substance B.
Substance B is the solute because it is present in smaller amounts.
35
Which chemical equation best represents the process of photosynthesis?
6CO2+6O2 - - - C6H12O6+6O2
C6H12O6+6H2O- - - C6H12O6+ 6O2
C6H12O6+6CO2 - - - 6CO2+ 6H2O
6CO2+6H2O- - - C6H12O6+6O2
36
Which phrase best describes an atom?
substance made of different elements
substance that includes covalent bonds
contains electrons in its nucleus
smallest basic unit of matter
37
Which sentence best describes exocytosis?
A vesicle fuses to a lysosome and its contents are destroyed.
A vesicle fuses to the cell membrane and its contents enter the cell
A vesicle fuses to the cell membrane and its contents leave the cell
A vesicle fuses to the nuclear envelope and its contents enter the nucleus
38
Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, development, and
interphase.
repair.
apoptosis.
reproduction.
39
An understanding of biology helps you evaluate important issues based on
hypotheses
opinions
economics
evidence
40
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both sites of
energy conversion.
photosynthesis.
energy manufacturing.
protein synthesis.
41
Organisms use energy for all chemical processes. Together, all of these processes are called
adaptation.
negative feedback.
metabolism.
homeostasis.
42
Which of the following is the site of the photosystems in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
thylakoid membrane
mitochondrial matrix
ATP synthase
stroma
43
Which process allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen?
chemosynthesis
cellular respiration
photosystem
fermentation
44
The function of a catalyst in a chemical reaction is to increase the
pH.
reaction rate.
number of substrates.
activation energy.
45
One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that
cancer cells cannot copy DNA during the synthesis phase.
cancer cells can divide in the absence of growth factors.
cancer cells are killed by radiation and chemotherapy
cancer cells continue in the G0 stage indefinitely.
46
Chemical reactions change substances into different substances by
maintaining constant energy.
breaking and forming bonds.
reaching chemical equilibrium.
changing the substance's properties.
47
What is the term for the substances that are changed during a chemical reaction?
enzymes
reactants
products
catalysts
48
Which property of water is the result of hydrogen bonds?
polarity of water molecules
high specific heat
low boiling point
no cohesion among water molecules
49
Which of the following are most important for an organism to maintain homeostasis?
behaviors and negative feedback
interactions with nonliving things
dependence on other organisms
reproduction and development
50
Cell theory establishes which of the following conclusions about cells?
All cells are produced by other living cells.
All cells form by free-cell formation.
All cells have the same size and shape.
All cells have a cell wall.
51
What is the name of the process that breaks glucose down into the pyruvate that is used in cellular respiration?
the Krebs cycle
glycolysis
fermentation
electron transport
52
Which phrase best describes fragmentation?
parent organism sprouts projection that becomes new organism.
parent organism sends off runner that grows into new organism.
parent organism produces eggs and sperm, which form a new organism.
parent organism splits into pieces, each of which forms a new organism.
53
What phrase best describes the process shown in Figure 3.2?
the formation of a receptor-ligand complex
osmosis
the formation of a transport protein
facilitated diffusion
54
Which phrase best describes an ecosystem?
all living things and the places on Earth where they are found
organisms interacting with each other and with nonliving things in a certain region
a group of living things that can interbreed to reproduce
the variety of organisms on Earth or in a particular area of the biosphere
55
How do ions form?
Atoms form covalent bonds.
Atoms gain or lose electrons.
Atoms combine to make a larger atom.
Two atoms share electrons.
