What is the point of a trial balloon?

to see public reaction before making a public announcement

What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?

the success of our democracy given how little we know

All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?

Voters physically meet and discuss candidates

All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:

it caters to low information voters

How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?

they allow reporters to "embed" with military units

a privilege granted to US elected officials

Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?

They know the election laws in that state

What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?

Federal Communications Commission

What federal agency oversees all hiring, providing 3 candidates to the hiring agency?

The Office of Personnel Management

What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?

The Americans With Disabilities Act

All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?

a debate between the two leading candidates

The Schechter Poultry v. U.S. case ruled that

The federal government was regulating trade within states

What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?

information management and mobilization

Why are federal elected officials often referred to as "generalists"?

They know a little about many subjects.

If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably

moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date

For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?

To select a candidate for the general election

The Hatch Act bans federal employees from engaging in what behaviors?

Electioneering during work hours

What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?

to make delegate selection more democratic

studbud

Duplicate of AP Government Final Exam MONSTER Review Flashcards | StudBud

Duplicate of AP Government Final Exam MONSTER Review

341 termsStudBud Administration31 plays

A review for AP Government students preparing for the exam.

Flashcards341 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 341

Answers

1
House or Senate? Has a rules committee.
Senate
Neither
House
Both
2
What is the point of a trial balloon?
to see how high it will go without popping
to mend fences after a scandal
to see public reaction before making a public announcement
to launch a campaign
3
Who are the litigants in a case?
the members of the jury
the judges
the lawyers
the plaintiff and defendent
4
What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?
That the people think we have a democracy when we do not
How obsessed we are with presidential politics over local
the success of our democracy given how little we know
how much people complain given how few vote
5
All of the following are purposes of national conventions now EXCEPT
to advertise the candidate
to officially nominate a candidate
to energize the party faithful
to debate policy openly
6
What was the most "democratic" institution established by our founders?
The Senaste
The President
The House of Representatives
The Electoral College
7
Unstated powers that are logically delegated to Congress and the president are called . . .
enumerated
supremacy powers
reserved
inherent
8
What "sole power" does the House of Representative hold, according to the Constitution?
Taxation
Declare War
Impeachment
Approve treaties
9
When does a federal judge leave office?
after a no confidence vote
when they choose or die
After 10 years
After 5 years
10
What court case established the "hostile environment" standard for sexual harassment cases?
Employment Division v. Smith
Playboy Entertainment v. United States
Reed v. Reed
Harris v. Forklift Systems
11
What president failed in his efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court with 6 more justices?
John Kennedy
Franklin Roosevelt
Richard Nixon
Teddy Roosevelt
12
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support free trade and low tariffs.
conservative
liberal
13
What case established the media can make incorrect claims as long as they didn't intend harm?
NY Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
14
What has led to a drop in the competitiveness of districts & a decline in contested elections?
electioneering
polarization
gerrymandering
filibustering
15
House or Senate? Allows floor amendments.
House
Senate
16
All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?
states have them on different dates
Voters physically meet and discuss candidates
they are more common than caucuses
there is a ballot
17
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
register
think they are in it
pay dues
attend meetings
18
All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:
the early states are not representative of the US population
it caters to low information voters
few people participate
the early states get too much attention
19
How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?
the military provides info to be vetted by the press
they put no restrictions on the press in war torn areas
all war reporters are members of the military
they allow reporters to "embed" with military units
20
Media tends to be biased in all the following ways EXCEPT?
They focus on individuals
They focus on odd/ unusual
they tend to be liberal
they focus on issues
21
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based on all the following criteria EXCEPT
race
religion
age
gender
22
Through what court case did John Marshall claim for the court the power of judicial review?
McCullough v. Maryland
U.S. v. Lopez
Gibbons v. Ogden
Marbury v. Madison
23
All of the following are typical actions of the President in their role as head of state EXCEPT
pardoning a turkey on Thanksgiving
laying a wreath on the grave of the Unknown Soldier
pardoning criminals
receiving foreign heads of state
24
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defined ___________________ as a form of discrimination.
disability
exclusion
inaccessibility
accommodation
25
Franking is
Unregulated
Illegal
a duty given to US elected officials
a privilege granted to US elected officials
26
What law requires Congressional approval to deploy troops for more than 60 days?
The Geneva Convention
The Patriot Act
The Enduring Freedom Act
The War Powers Resolution
27
This case ruled the gov't. can't use evidence gained as a result of an illegal search:
Gregg v. Georgia
NAACP v. Alabama
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
28
Which of the following is not one of the purposes mentioned in the Preamble?
due process
establish justice
ensure domestic tranquility
provide for the general welfare
29
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Protect a woman's right to choose an abortion.
Republican
Democrat
30
Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?
They raise most of the money
They do polling
They provide endorsements
They know the election laws in that state
31
All of the following indicate an intention to return power to the states from the feds EXCEPT
Nixon's New Federalismj
nullification
extradition
devolution
32
What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Communications Commission
Public Broadcasting Corporation
Securities and Exchange Commission
33
How did local party bosses win support and loyalty to their party in the past?
voter fraud
patronage
advertising
providing government services
34
What federal agency oversees all hiring, providing 3 candidates to the hiring agency?
The Office of Personnel Management
National Labor Relations Board
The Bureaucratic Management Agency
The Civil Service Commission
35
Teacher led prayers violate the
equal protectiion clause
due process clause
free exercise clause
no establishment clause
36
The model where you elect someone and expect them to use their judgement when voting is the
instructed delegate model
agency model
trustee model
politico model
37
What portion of the 14th amendment is the basis for civil rights protections in the US?
the due process clause
the free exercise clause
the equal protection clause
elastic clause
38
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Protect the life of the unborn.
liberal
conservative
39
The distance between a law and implentation is called
bureaucratic distance
slippage
appellate jurisdiction
administrative discretion
40
What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?
The Americans With Disabilities Act
The Handicapped Bill of Rights
The Disabled Accommodation Act
The Disabled Freedom Act
41
All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?
candidate nomination
a speech by the Vice Presidential nominee
the writing of the party platform
a debate between the two leading candidates
42
The Schechter Poultry v. U.S. case ruled that
the stock market must be reformed
The federal government was regulating trade within states
government regulation is illegal
farm subsidies are illegal
43
What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?
polling and policy positions
converting voters
information management and mobilization
patronage
44
What do habeus corpus protections protect you against?
unlawful imprisonment
quartering troops in your home
unlawful searches
treason charges
45
Why are federal elected officials often referred to as "generalists"?
They favor military solutions in most cases.
They know a lot about a few subjects.
They know a little about many subjects.
They have the most expansive powers.
46
If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably
moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date
making it easier to register to vote
giving free tv time to candidates
making it harder to get on the ballot
47
All of the following are cases that upheld the death penalty EXCEPT
Gregg v. Georgia
McClesky v. Kemp
Furman v. Georgia
Griswold v. Connecticut
48
For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?
To raise money
To build enthusiasm
to produce a party platform
To select a candidate for the general election
49
The Hatch Act bans federal employees from engaging in what behaviors?
Awarding contracts without a competitive bid process
Leaking information to the press
Electioneering during work hours
Awarding alcohol at official government functions
50
What is the President's primary role in national security?
UN Ambassador
Commander in Chief
Party Leader
Reprieves and pardons
51
What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?
to make delegate selection more democratic
to streamline platform writing
to eliminate caucuses in favor of primaries
to regulate campaign finance
52
Which chief justice (appointed by Nixon) upheld abortion & ruled against him in U.S. v. Nixon?
William Rehnquist
John Roberts
Earl Warren
Warren Burger
53
House or Senate? Has filibusters.
Senate
Neither
Both
House
54
All of the following are a types of third parties we have seen in US politics EXCEPT
popular person-based
splinter
issue / cause
revolutionary
55
This case ruled the government must provide an attorney if a suspect cannot afford one
Mapp v. Ohio
Gideon v. Wainwright
NAACP v. Alabama
Miranda v. Arizona
56
Case that said laws not aimed at religious interference but that have that affect are ok
Barron v. Baltimore
Employment Division v. Smith
Engel v. Vitale
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg
57
The significance of campaign strategy
is often underestimated
is that it sets the policy agenda
is generally overstated
is that it typically converts voters
58
Interest groups and political parties differ in that
Parties have legislative goals
political parties are involved in electioneering
political parties offer selective benefits
political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected
59
McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT
eliminated the public funding option
increased the amount individuals to donate to candidates
required reporting of PAC contributions
barred issue ads by outside groups before an election
60
What case declared that the accused must be read their rights upon custodial interrogation?
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Escobedo v. Illinois
61
What case ruled that congressional districts must be drawn to have equal #s of people in them?
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
Swann v . Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Baker v. Carr
62
What action is Congress's best "tool" for countering judicial activism?
legislation
regulations
impeachment
amendements
63
Nixon's efforts to cut spending by refusing to spend money allocated by Congress was called
impoundment
fiscal cliff
sequestration
budget resolution
64
Cesar Chavez led boycotts and demonstrations to get better protections for what group?
asians
hispanics
women
migrant workers
65
If a legislature declares a whole group of people to be criminals, that is called a _______?
extradition
de facto prosecution
ex post facto law
bill of attainder
66
NASA, National Science Foundation & General Services are all examples of
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
Cabinet positions
67
Which of the following is true of Supreme Court opinions?
They must be unaninmous
They must meet the standard of stare decisis
All are written by the Chief Justice
they are either concurring or dissenting
68
Whst American president is credited with inventing campaigning & inspiring "loyal opposition"?
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Andrew Jackson
William McKinley
69
For a case to be heard by the Supreme Court, how many justices must vote to accept it?
5
7
6
4
70
The advisor(s) with the least loyalty to the President tend to be
The cabinet
the Vice President
White House Staff
The Executive Offices
71
The President must have the advice and consent of the Senate to make treaties and __________.
veto
tax
appointments
declare war
72
Over time, national party conventions have become less
attended
predictable
fun
contentious
73
What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Snyder v. Phelps
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Texas v. Johnson
74
What case established that the government can regulate corporations under the commerce clause?
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Gibbons v. Ogden
Sweatt v. Paint
Munn v. Illinois
75
This amendment gave black males the right to vote
12th
15th
14th
13th
76
In what part of the Constitution are political parties discussed?
No part
Article III
Article II
Article V
77
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Put a cap on malpractice lawsuits.
Democrat
Republican
78
What is casework?
How a lawyer prepares for trial
research Congressional staffers do for committees
Preparation for committee hearings
Constituent services
79
All of the following are new realities of the budget process due to polarization EXCEPT?
omnibus bills
authorization bills
fiscal cliffs
government shutdowns
80
What person or groups bears the most responsibility for funding and shaping a campaign?
interest groups
the bureaucracy
the candidate
the party
81
The Bill of Rights represents what constitutional principle?
checks and balances
separation of powers
judicial review
limited government
82
Strict constructionists seek to understand or discern
inherent powers
original intent
judicial activism
free exercise
83
The idea that a popular candidate at the top of the ballot can help elect other party members
bandwagon
coattails
approval ratings
endorsements
84
Who manages what federal cases the government will appeal to the Supreme Court?
the U.S. Marshalls
The Chief Magistrate
The Chief Justice
The Solicitor General
85
The most common vehicle the government uses to borrow money is
foreign banks
bond sales
sequestration
tax loopholes
86
What branch can create "inferior courts" of the federal system?
Judicial
Bureaucracy
Executive
Legislative
87
What case said the 14th amendment could extend civil liberties protections to the state level?
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Gitlow v. New York
Engel v. Vitale
Schenk v. the United States
88
This program provides pensions for the handicapped, orphaned, blind and elderly
Social Security
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Medicaid
Medicare
89
What aspect of campaigns gets the most media attention?
fundraising
the candidate's voting record
"horserace" coverage
policy positions
90
The court case that broadly defined Congress' ability to control trade between states was
Fletcher v. Peck
Dartmouth v. Woodward
McCullough v. Maryland
Giibbons v. Ogden
91
The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains
why we don't have radical parties in the US
Why we have two parties
why we have polarization
Why third parties tend to fail
92
What is the typical relationship between elected officials, party loyalty and constituents?
none of the above
Officials put party loyalty before their constituents
Officials put their constituents before their party
Their loyalty depends on saliency of the issue
93
In the legislative process, what type of laws must originate in the House of Representatives?
treaty approval
declaring war
creating courts
taxation bills
94
House or Senate? Small states are disproportionately represented.
House
Senate
Both
Neither
95
Comstat, Amtrack and the Postal Service are all examples of
Cabinet positions
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
96
Which of the following can the President do?
Declare war
Initiate laws
Initiate constitutional amendments
veto laws
97
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
98
How long do national party conventions typically last?
1 day
4 days
3 days
1 week
99
If the Supreme Court wants to hear a case, they issue a /an
oral argument
writ of certiori
a warrant
opinion
100
The clear division of powers between the state and federal government is known as
dual federalism
new federalism
fiscal federalism
cooperative federalism
101
What Republican attracted white southerners to the Republican party with his Southern Strategy?
Reagan
Nixon
Goldwater
H.W. Bush
102
These were the first two political parties in the United States.
Democrats and Whigs
Know Nothings and Whigs
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
Republicans and Democrats
103
When a newly elected president claims his/her policies should be enacted, they are claiming
neutral competence
bully pulpit
state of the union
electoral mandate
104
What gov't agency makes sure that commercial speech is truthful & concerns lawful activity?
Securities and Exchange
Federal Reserve
Interstate Commerce Commission
Federal Trade Commission
105
The Department of Homeland Security, Education, Health and Human Services are all examples of
Independent Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
Cabinet positions
Independent Regulatory Agencies
106
All of the following increase the likelihood of voting EXCEPT
being wealthy
being educated
being young
being female
107
Is political socialization mostly formal or informal in the U.S.?
informal
formal
108
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Oppose mandatory minimum sentencing programs.
Republican
Democrat
109
The goal of the Graham-Rudman-Hollings act of the 1980s had what goal?
a deficit tied to the GDP
a balanced budget
returning budget initiation to Congress
passing a flat tax
110
Thanks to the 22nd amendment, the President is now inaugurated in this month.
January
February
March
December
111
What branch of the federal government MAY be involved in amending the Constitution?
The Bureaucracy
The Judicial
The Legislative
The Executive
112
What do legislators get out of iron triangles?
support from interest groups
increased staff
seniority in committee assignments
expanded budget authority
113
Who was the 1st US President to control the press by controlling info and staying on message?
H,W. Bush
Reagan
Clinton
W. Bush
114
What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?
They might alienate viewers
They are inherently patriotic
they need access to government officials
they are liberal biased towards government intervention
115
Which of the following committees would be considered most powerful?
Energy and Commerce
Appropriations
Veteran's Affairs
Ethics
116
Tha patronage system was reformed by what law that requires civil service exams?
The McKinley Act
The Stalwart Law
Pendleton Act
Hatch Act
117
Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation?
voting
petitioning
running for office
protest
118
Third parties serve all of the following functions EXCEPT
safety valve for popular discontent
motivate more people to vote
inject new issues into the policy agenda
make elections less volatile
119
What does it mean when a candidate is being "vetted"?
They are being nominated
They are being fully "checked out" for any problems
They are being prepped for a debate
They are fiundraising
120
"Pork"and "earmarks" are nicknames for
retiring officials that become lobbyists
legislation related to agricultural subsidies
legislation that has wide appeal
federally funded projects that benefit a small group/region
121
What is the purpose of a caucus in the House, Senate or made of both Reps and Senators?
To iron differences out on controversial topics
To stop amendments
To focus their collective energy of a specific area
To stop legislation
122
Checks & balances, separation of powers & federalism insure that change in the US will be
speedy and swift
slow and deliberate
through consesnsus
impossible
123
In what types of cases is the plaintiff always the government?
criminal
civil
appellate
justiceable
124
What IS and what is NOT present in a Court of Appeals trial?
3 judges, witnesses
attorneys, judges
5 judges, juries
4 judges, law fairies
125
What do family, mass media, school and peers have in common related to politics?
They are all interest groups
They are all informal
They are all potential groups
They are all agents of socialization
126
The National Labor Relations Board, Fed. Communications Commission and SEC are examples of
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
Cabinet positions
127
In 1972, what constitutional amendment failed to be ratified?
The Equal Rights Amendment
Tutle IX
Fuel Independence
Gay Rights
128
What court cased ruling established that arbitrary gender discrimination is unlawful?
Reed v. Reed
Shaw v. Hunt
Santa Clara v. Martinez
Shaw v. Reno
129
You must prove you have been directly affected to prove that you have this in court
standing
legitimacy
representation
jurisprudence
130
When Sen. Majority Leade Reid cut the # of votes needed to approve judges it was deemed
the nuclear option
the filibuster
free exercise
sequestration
131
All of the following are true about impeachment EXCEPT
The chief Justice oversees the trial
Two U.S. presidents have been impeached
standards for whaat is impeachable are very clear
The House decides the charges
132
Most common criminals are prosecuted in what courts?
district
state
federal
appellate
133
Where is judicial review "covered" in the Constitution?
Article I
It's not
Article VI
Article III
134
All of the elements below are part of iron triangles EXCEPT
the President
legilslators
interest groups
bureaucrats
135
Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?
It has grown sharply since the 1970s
Military personnel make up the largest segment
Salaries for federal employees is variable and unpredictable
10% is appointed by the President after inauguration
136
To hold what federal office must you have been a citizen for 7 years?
U.S. Representative
U.S. President
U.S. Senator
U.S. Judge
137
Which of the following type of voter is least common?
idealogues
low information
groups benefits
nature of the times
138
Our nation's first government was a / an _________________.
direct democracy
confederation
unitary democracy
union
139
Which courts have original jurisdiction in some cases?
District only
Supreme and District
District and Appeals
Supreme and Appeals
140
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
wealth
religion
sexual orientation
gender
141
If an issue has high saliency it means
Lots of people are paying attention but few care
Lots of attention is being paid and it could swing votes
It has a short "shelf life"
few people are paying attention
142
What agency prepares the budget, which is first proposed by the executive (since the 1920s)?
The OMB
The White House Staff
The GOA
The Council on Economic Advisors
143
Which article of the Constitution outlines the amendment process?
Article VI
Article III
Article V
Article IV
144
How do U.S. elections compare with European ones?
They are shorter but more expensive
They are longer, more exspensive and more common
They are faster, cheaper, and less common
They are longer but cheaper
145
House or Senate? Has a Speaker.
Neither
Senate
Both
House
146
What case established it is constitutional to burn the US flag in symbolic protest ?
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
147
What type of primary do political parties like best?
open
blanket
unicameral
closed
148
Conservative or liberal? Require photo ID to vote.
conservative
liberal
149
Empty question
Empty choice
Empty choice
150
What is the largest source of revenue coming into the US government?
Corporate taxes
Income taxes
Tariffs
Fuel taxes
151
What text says, "We hold these truths to be self evident. . . all men are created equal . . "?
Common Sense
The Gettysburg Address
The Declaration of Independence
The Constitution
152
What agency insures that employees are allowed to organize labor unions?
ICC
FTC
SEC
NLRB
153
This amendment limits the U.S. President to two terms.
21st
22nd
20th
23rd
154
Time, manner and place restrictions to preserve public order relate to the right to
vote
free speech
assemble
pray
155
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
156
What two multimillionaires dominated the press in the late 1800s, producing yellow journalism?
Hearst and Pulitzer
Cooper and Flanigan
Smith and Wesson
Raymour and Flanigan
157
House or Senate? Holds impeachment trials.
Both
Senate
Neither
House
158
This amendment provided for the direct election of senators.
19th
17th
16th
18th
159
This case ruled that "undue burden" will be the lesser standard for abortion restrictions
Roe v. Wade
Gideon v. Wainwright
Griswold v. Connecticut
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
160
From the Civil War - 1960s the "Solid South" voted
Republican
Whig
Democratic
Dixiecrat
161
House or Senate? The Vice President breaks ties.
Neither
House
Both
Senate
162
According to the Constitution, once a year, the president is required to do what?
Give a speech
hold a joint session of Congress
inform Congress about the state of the Union
restate the oath
163
The fact that Congress initiates laws is an example of . . .
limited government
judicial review
checks and balances
separation of power
164
Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?
to reward big fundraisers
to rank and file party members would have a voice
to ensure the best balloon drop at the convention
to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power
165
The two models of organization for White House Staff are hiearchical and
circular
solar
flat
wheel and spoke
166
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support / expansion of government programs.
liberal
conservative
167
Which of the following Constitutional principles insures we are not a confederation?
implied powers
limited government
supremacy clause
elastic clause
168
During the Clinton administration, government spending was addressed by "offsets" meaning
estate taxes would be raised each time spending went up
department budgets would all be cut to zero and built back
increased spending in one area must be offset by cuts
savings from making cuts are converted to tax cuts
169
What court ruling banned simplistic formulas that advantaged minorities in college admissions?
Gratz v. Bollinger
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Fisher v.University of Texas
Grutter v. Bollinger
170
What is the primary reason some states have more delegates than others at the convention?
they raise the most money for the party
They more reliably vote for the party
they have the most registered party members
they have a larger population
171
Whose term lasts six years?
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
U.S. judges
U.S. President
172
Which of the following is an example of a beat?
press conference
newscast
politics
narrowcast
173
After Watergate and Vietnam, how did media treatment of the government shift?
the press became more protective of the president
the press became apathetic towards the government
the press became more deferentail to the legislative power
the press became a "watchdog" on the government
174
What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?
US v. Nixon
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life
Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission
McCain v. BCRA
175
What case established broadcasting can be regulated at a higher standard than newspapers?
Miller v, California
NY Times v. Sullivan
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
Texas v. Johnson
176
All of the following demographic trends in the U.S. are true EXCEPT:
Blacks outnumber hispanics
the population is shifting to the south
The median age is getting higher.
We will soon be a majority minority nation
177
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "medium scrutiny" standard.
religion
gender
wealth
race
178
Executive agreements are like treaties in which of the following ways?
They need UN approval
They need Senate approval
They indicate the President's intentions
They are binding for the next President
179
The Supreme Court has had original jurisdiction in all the following cases EXCEPT
between the US and states
between a state and a country
between 2 or more states
capital punishment cases
180
All of the following are ways the President might achieve a policy without passing a law EXCEPT
executive agreements
selective enforcement
veto override
executive orders
181
Another term for prior restraint is
subpoena
arrest
censorship
warrant
182
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal coalition EXCEPT
blacks
white souitherners
unions
the wealthy
183
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
register
attend meetings
think they are in it
pay dues
184
How many levels are the federal court system?
three
two
four
five
185
A hierarchical organizational chart of a party with chairperson at top & candidates at bottom
may be ideal but isn't realistic
shows that party strength is on the rise
iis accurate
iis a requirement in a democracy
186
Presidential authority to strip out parts of bills without rejecting the whole bill is known as
the pocket veto
discretionary spending
the line item veto
ways and means
187
A judge appointed as a recess appointment can serve for no longer than
3 years
1 year
6 months
2 years
188
This law banned literacy tests & allowed federal oversight of election activities in the South
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
The 24th amendment
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
189
This amendment eliminated the poll tax
23rd
22nd
25th
24th
190
Why is it relatively hard to hire federal employees?
It is hard to find new people willing to take the exams
They generally quit before they can be fired
They cycle out after each presidential election
They have due process rights and cannot be fired w/o proof
191
Which party requires that primary / caucus results be used to assign delegates proportionally?
Democrats
Republicans
192
This amendment ended slavery
13th
15th
12th
14th
193
In what type of primaries can voters vote for different parties on the same ballot?
closed
bicameral
blanket
open
194
Which leadership model is related to a direct democracy?
politico
division of labor
instructed delegate
trustee
195
This case ruled that women have a right to an abortion in the 1st trimester without restriction
Roe v. Wade
Gideon v. Wainwright
Griswold v. Connecticut
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
196
When the President is using the "bully pulpit", what tool is probably nearby?
a light saber
a pen
a shovel
a microphone
197
The 3 part test for government acting according to the establishment clause was established in
Lemon v. Kutzman
Engel v. Vitale
Employment Division v. Smith
Miller v. California
198
What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?
NY Times v. Sullivan
United States v. Playboy Entertainment
Texas v. Johnson
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
199
What part of the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in federally funded programs?
Title XI
Title V
Title IX
Title XX
200
What case established students can wear arm bands to school in symbolic protest ?
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
201
Why did Antifederalists oppose the Constitution?
They felt the Bill of Rights was flawed
They feared a strong federal government
They wanted a democracy
They felt the states were too powerful
202
The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?
the part that said you can't fund your own campaign
the part that banned soft money
the part that said you must take public funding
the part that banned hard money
203
According to Max Weber, all of the following are characteristics of bureaucracies EXCEPT
chain of command
reliance on technology
division of labor
promotion based on merit
204
Most elected officials use this model of leadership
instructed delegate model
agency model
politico model
trustee model
205
This case limited federal power by ruling that the feds couldn't designate "gun free zones"
U.S. v. Lopez
Butler v. U.S.
U.S. v. Nixon
Schechter Poultry v. U.S.
206
For what is Betty Freidan famous?
Being the lead lawyer in Roe v. Wade
founding the National Organization for Women
writing The Feminine Mystique
Starting Ms. Magazine
207
How many justices must concur with an opinion for it to be considered precedent setting?
7
5
4
6
208
What is the relationship between fiscal federalism and cooperative federalism?
fiscal federalism encourages cooperative federalism
You can only have one or the other, not both
Cooperative federalism caused fiscal federalism
cooperative federalism canceled fiscal federalism
209
Which of the following is true of 527 groups?
they produce issue ads
they disclose the names of contributors
They coordinate closely with candidates
They are for profit taxable organizations
210
The following plans / compromises are evident in the ratified Constitution except which one?
Connecticut
Slave Trade
3/5 Compromise
Virginia Plan
211
Senatorial courtesy is most important /critical for what level of the federal courts?
the Supreme Court
the district courts
the circuit courts
212
A disconnect between a law/ statute and the implementation is likely due to
regulation
issue networks
adminstrative discretion
due process
213
What part of the 14th amendment allows selective incorporation of civil liberties protections?
the necessary and propoer clause
the due process clause
the equal protection clause
the elastic clause
214
This court case established the "medium scrutiny" standard for gender-based classification
Reed v. Reed
ERA v. Hunt
Schaffley v. Hoke
Craig v. Boren
215
What party, est. in the 1890s, failed to defeat the Republicans despite support from Democrats?
Populists
Whigs
Dixiecrats
Know Nothings
216
What is a leading contributor to the superficial nature of modern media?
Internet ads
the prevalence of sound bites
24 hour news channels
consolidation of news outlets
217
What fraction of state legislatures/ conventions must approve of all Constitutional amendmentS?
2/3
100%
3/4
1/2
218
What percentage of delegates does a candidate need to get the nomination?
the largest percentage of all candidates
100%
50% +1
2/3 or 75%
219
What court ruling upheld using race as part of a holistic assessment in admissions decisions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
Adarand Construction v. Pena
220
What case ruling struck down anti-sodomy laws, granting gay people a right to privacy?
Reece v. Texas
Smith v. Texas
Texas v. Johnson
Lawrence v. Texas
221
All of the following were a part of the 1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act EXCEPT
a program to publicly fund campaigns was started
required reporting of income/spending
required candidtes to take public funds
limited contributions
222
Which amendment says powers not granted to the federal government are retained by the states?
8th
10th
11th
12th
223
Incrementalism in the budget process leads to
delays / slow budget negotiations
budget reconciliation
inevitable growth in budgets
the military industrial complex
224
The Supreme Court ruled NC had gone too far in using race as a factor in drawing districts in
Shaw v. Reno
Reed v. North Carolina
harris v. Forklift Systems
Craig v. Boren
225
Civil liberties protections for all citizens are based on
the Preamble
The Declaration of Independence
the 14th amendment
The Bill of Rights
226
What innovation in broadcasting led to the development of "narrowcasting"?
netflix
cable television
satellite tv
the internet
227
This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
228
What party did Abraham Lincoln found?
Whig
Know Nothing
Democrat
Republican
229
What types of election do states have that the federal government does NOT have?
general elections
primaries
policy elections
230
What do bureaucrats get out of iron triangles?
less red tape
more authority and bigger budgets
endorsements
lobbyists
231
This case ruled the gov't. can't require private organizations to turn over membership lists
Mapp v. Ohio
Miranda v. Arizona
NAACP v. Alabama
Gregg v. Georgia
232
The idea that you don't need to outspend your opponent, but you need to get your message out is
the doctrine of efficiency
the doctrine of currency
the doctrine of campaign finance
the doctrine of sufficiency
233
This amendment clarified presidential succession should the President be ill but not dead.
24th
26th
23rd
25th
234
According to the Constitution you must be at least 30 years old to hold what office?
U.S. President
U.S. Representative
U.S. Senator
U.S. Judge
235
Habeus Corpus rights were at first denied to hundreds of suspected terrorists being held at
Alcatraz
Los Alamos
Guantanamo
San Quentin
236
How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?
slander is spoken and libel is written
libel in spoken and slander is written
slander is a misdemeanor and libel is a felony
libel concerns a group and skander an indiviidual
237
All of the following are ADMINISTRATIVE functions of the President EXCEPT
nominate officials
execute the law
issue pardons
fill vacancies
238
What was the first form of mass media?
television
radio
daily newspapers
telegraph
239
This law said suspected terrorists can be wiretapped and residences searched without notice
Protect America Act
Wikileaks Act
Freedom Act
Patriot Act
240
What caused a steady increase in the cost of campaigns in the late 1950s and early 60s?
staffing requirements
television
new state election laws
inflation
241
What is the President's main check on judicial power?
file amicus curiae briefs
impeachment
judge appointments
judicial review
242
What is the primary reason third parties do not succeed longterm?
campaign funding laws
the winner take all system
state requirementa to get on the ballpt
voter apathy
243
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
244
Powers not granted to the federal government and retained by the states are called . . .
reserved
enumerated
federalism
granted
245
What political philosopher most inspired the writing of the Declaration?
Thomas Hobbes
Adam Smith
Montesquieu
John Locke
246
All of the following tend to happen as you age EXCEPT
You vote for Democrats
you attend to the news
you get more conservative
you vote more
247
Which type(s) of federal court(s) do not have appellate jurisdiction?
The Supreme Court
Circuit Courts
District Courts
Superior Courts
248
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?
Germans and Italians should also be interned
Internment of Japanese US citizens is unconstitutional
People of Japanese ancestry born in the US are not citizens
Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional
249
What indicator is most significantly correlated with presidential approval ratings?
character ratings
gold medals earned by the US at the Olympics
economic indicators
foreign policy achievements
250
What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?
The Conservative Era was over
politicians must take clear positions on issues
the effect of television on politics would be minimal
physical attractiveness could impact electoral success
251
All of the following were intended to limit black voting EXCEPT
grandfather clauses
primaries
poll taxes
literacy tests
252
What article of the Constitution explains the judicial branch?
Article II
Article III
Article IV
Article I
253
All of the following are ways the president controls the bureaucracy EXCEPT
appointments
issue executive orders
reorganize budgets
eliminate agencies
254
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
20th
19th
18th
17th
255
The power to determine voting requirements and election procedures is held by
the courts
the President
the Congress
the states
256
What is a common way for Congressmen to get input from the bureaucracy?
lobbying
deregulation
approve appintments
hearings
257
One key job of the bureaucracy in relation to regulation is
iron triangles
filing class action lawsuits
passing laws
rule-making
258
Why does the "Responsible Party Model" work better in Europe than in the U.S.?
They have more parties
They have more party cohesion
They have elections more often
Their parties are more organized
259
Voters registered as independents are positively correlated with what behavior?
voting
ticket-splitting
protesting
fundraising
260
What is the status of the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution?
It has not been tested.
It is currently pending.
It has been struck down.
It has been upheld.
261
The effect of iron triangles is typically
elitism
hyperpluralism
socialism
pluralism
262
What is a common outcome of lack of party cohesion?
rapid passage of laws
voter apathy
runaway spending
separation of powers
263
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Subsidize renewable energy development.
Democrat
Republican
264
All the following constitutionally "bind" states EXCEPT
dual federalism
extradition
full faith and credit clause
privileges and immunities protections
265
The largest portion of DISCRETIONARY federal spending goes to
medicare
foreign aid
education
defense
266
The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?
editorials are held to a different standard
all officials criticized have a right f rebuttal
you can be punished if you criticize gov't leaders
you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true
267
Which amendment provided for an income tax?
16th
10th
12th
15th
268
What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?
they are taking clear positions on issues
They are avoiding media attention
they participate in debates
they increase campaign spending
269
What percentage / fraction of the Senate must approve treaties for them to become law?
51%
2/3
unanimous
3/4
270
People and groups who have a perspective on a case, but are not directly involved, can
file amicus curiae briefs
testify
obtain standing
hire lobbyists
271
What case declared that "separate is inherently unequal", ending school segregation?
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Escobedo v. Illinois
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
272
All of the following are tasks of political parties EXCEPT
coordinate campaigns
articulate policies
run polls on election day
pick candidates
273
Before the president appoints a federal judge from a state, he'll usually get approval from
the state's senators
the state's governor
the Supreme Court
the state's House Reps
274
What is the relationship between policy entrepreneurs and media?
Media outlets depend on policy entrpreneurs for ratings
it is nonexistent
policy entrpreneurs depend on media for agenda setting
it is contentious
275
How were affirmative action programs brought to an end in California?
an executive order by the Governor
an initiative was passed
the state legislative baody banned it
a court order
276
When is a party usually most cohesive in terms of voting as a bloc?
leadership votes
impeachment
when declaring war
domestic issues
277
This amendment says Congress can't raise their own salaries.
25th
24th
27th
26th
278
This case banned teacher led prayer in school
Gitlow v. New York
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Employment Division v. Smith
Engel v. Vitale
279
What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?
they have become more informed
They have less trust in the governmnt
they have become more ideological
They have voted more often
280
These type of protesters have distance restrictions and cannot picket private residences:
police
zoning
abortion
school
281
Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?
their donors can remain anonymous
They coordinate closely with their candidate
There are limits to how much they can accept from any person
they tend to support incumbents
282
Who makes up the interpreting population for the court system?
criminals
police officers & teachers
attorneys
lawyers and judges
283
How is the Congressional Budget Office different from the GAO?
The CBO is a watchdog on the GAO
The CBO is part of the Federal Reserve
The CBO provides estimates for budgeting purposes
The CBO is a partisan organization
284
Discrimination based on ________________ requires the "reasonable / lowest scrutiny" standard.
gender
age
religion
race
285
What effect did Shay's Rebellion have on the "founding fathers"?
They opposed federal taxation
They added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution
They were eager to create a stronger federal government.
They feared a stronger federal power.
286
What's the remedy if each house of Congress has passed a similar but not identical bill?
caucus
joint committee
casework
conference committee
287
What constitutes a "diversity citizenship" case?
bankruptcy supervision
naturalization
admiralty and maritime law
civil suits from those in different states over $75000
288
This amendment protects states from lawsuits from people not living in the state.
11th
10th
12th
9th
289
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer during questioning if requested?
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
290
All of the following undercut the importance of campaign strategy EXCEPT
incumbency advantage
selective perception
party identification
media culture
291
This 1954 case ruled that "separate but equal" was inherently unequal
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
292
What congressional office regulates the spending of public funds?
The Federal Reserve
The Congressional Budget Office
The General Accounting Office
The Bean Counting Patrol
293
At the start of our republic, to vote you had to meet all the following criiteria EXCEPT
white
Christian
male
property owner
294
How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?
10
11
7
9
295
What court ruling raised the standard for contract set-asides to "compelling gov't. interest"?
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Gratz v. Bollinger
Fisher v.University of Texas
296
What type of polls are candidates LEAST likely to use?
voter perception
exit poLling
push polls
key word / phrasing polls
297
Who actually votes to nominate candidates at the national convention?
delegates
party leaders
electors
voters
298
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Increase taxes on the wealthy.
conservative
liberal
299
All of the following would make approval of a Supreme Court nominee more difficult EXCEPT
the nominee is relatively unknown
The Senate and President are from different parties
the nominee is older
it is the end of the President's second term
300
In the 1830s, the Supreme Court ruled in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights restrained
the state governments
only the federal government
all governments in the US
only the executive power
301
If the President cannot get his judges approved by the Senate, what is his/her other option?
a recess appointment
shrink the # of courts
a veto war
executive order
302
How many years must you have lived in the US to be President?
15 years
20 years
30 years
14 years
303
All of the following contribute to hyperdemocracy or officials "running scared" except
primaries
strong parties
the power of interest groups
short terms
304
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer if they cannot afford one?
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
Escobedo v. Illinois
305
A trial balloon is usually preceded by a
interview
scandal
leak
beat
306
What type of communication is most likely to discuss a candidate's positions on the issues?
the nightly news
a poll
interviews with media
tv ads
307
The United States government is accurately described as
a unitary federation
a republic
a democracy
an autocracy
308
Uncontrollable expenditures result from
deficit spending
tax indexing
tax loopholes
entitlements
309
Conservative or liberal? Provide a "path to citizenship" for law-abiding illegal immigrants.
conservative
liberal
310
House or Senate? Committee assignments are based on seniority.
Senate
House
Both
Neither
311
If you are a state or local official, which of the following are you the most excited about?
enumerated powers
unfunded madates
categorical grants
block grants
312
All of the following are true of caucuses EXCEPT
the most fanous ones are in Iowa
Only 12 states hold them
they were a tool of party machines and bosses in the past
the whole process takes one day
313
What would be an effect of the U.S. adopting a unitary form of government instead of federal?
more uniformity
more powerful states
no states would exist
direct democracy
314
When judges are accused of letting their personal views shape decisions, unconstitutionally:
judicial activism
due process
judicial restraint
strict constructionism
315
Controlling for education and wealth, who is more likely to vote?
black Americans
white Americans
316
Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the federal government have?
to create courts
negotiate treaties
to tax
to regulate interstate trade
317
Expanded influence of the feds over the states through funding is called . . .
fiscal federalism
incumbency
fiscal policy
concurrent powers
318
What impact did the Great Depression and Civil Rights have on the feds' commerce power?
contracted it / made smaller
it was inconsistent
expanded it / made bigger
it was unchanged
319
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
gender
sexual orientation
age
race
320
What is the only presidential foreign policy action that is self executing?
executive agreements
appointing ambassadors
diplomatic recognition
waging war
321
If a case is decided as "stare decisis" , what does that mean?
they defer to the lower court ruling
they want to lower courts to retry it
they were unanimous
they tied
322
Implied powers were upheld when the courts approved the national bank as a result of what case?
Fletcher v. Peck
Marbury v. Madison
McCullough v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden
323
What group gained citizenship and could vote in 1924?
migrant workers
native americans
immigrants
blacks
324
Across the board cuts that result when the budget process bogs down are called
sequestration
regressive taxing
structural debt
omnibus bills
325
Conservative or liberal? Increase regulations to protect the environment.
conservative
liberal
326
Giving government jobs in return for loyalty and support of elected officials is called
due diligence
due process
merit system
patronage
327
All of the following are legislative bodies related to the budget process EXCEPT
The House Ways and Means Committee
Congressional Budget Office
The Senate Finance Committee
The Office of Management and Budget
328
House or Senate? Has standing committees..
Neither
Senate
Both
House
329
How has TV coverage of conventions changed over time?
it is shorter
It is nonexistent
It is longer
It is more in depth
330
An incumbent
has a hareder time raising money
is seeking office for the first time
is running for re-election
has a 50% chance of being successful.
331
This 1896 case ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Reynolds v. United States
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
332
Who determines the method and timing of delegate selection?
the voters through referendum
the states
the Suoreme Court
the U.S. Congress
333
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Privatize Social Security.
Republican
Democrat
334
Al the following are concurrent powers of the federal and state governments EXCEPT?
establishing courts
taxation
police power
printing currency
335
Why did Eisenhower say that his appointment of Earl Warren was a mistake?
He criticized Ike's response to the Little Rock Crisis
He "flipped" to the liberal side
He "flipped" to the conservative side
He stepped down after 3 years
336
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
337
What case established that speech can be banned that poses a "clear and present" danger?
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
338
This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not citizens and slaves were property.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Griswold v. Connecticut
Reynolds v. United States
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
339
Which amendment banned alcohol in the U.S.?
25th
18th
21st
19th
340
The purposes of government are discussed in what part of the Constitution?
The Introduction
The Mutual Pledge
The Preamble
The Bill of Rights
341
Why are signing statements controversial?
They tend to indicate an intent for selective enforcement
they are executive orders in disguise
They are relatively new in presidential history
the Constitution says the actual President must sign laws