Which of the following statements is true regarding Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings.

It is considered difficult to create culture-fair intelligence tests because they

reflect the cultures of some test takers more than others.

Which of the following statements about cancer in children is true?

One in every 330 children in the US develops cancer before the age of 19.

(Bronstein, 2006) yielded which of the following conclusions about parental influences on children's gender development?

Fathers put more effort into promoting sons' intelligence than daughters'

Which of the following is among the characteristics of sibling relationships described by Judy Dunn?

There is considerable variation in sibling relationships.

Study found that girls' perception that teachers had gendered expectations favoring boys over girls was linked to:

girls having more negative math beliefs and lower math achievement.

Research has demonstrated that trauma associated with community violence exposure (CVE) can be caused by:

excessive viewing of fictional TV violence

Nicole is 3, goes to Montessori school. Which of the following is likely true of Nicole's teachers?

They will show her how to perform intellectual activities.

Which of the following is true about childhood maltreatment?

Stress/substance/various factors may contribute to child maltreatment.

Which of the following is true of Head Start programs?

They provide for low-income families.

Learning disabilities

are not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities.

In the context of early childhood education, developmentally appropriate practice emphasizes the

importance of creating settings that encourage active learning w/ interests

Which of the following is among the criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Too much emphasis on moral thought & not enough emphasis on moral behavior.

Social role theory suggests that

social hierarchy and division of labor cause gender differences in power

Which of the following statements about the development of self-understanding in children is true?

Self-understanding becomes more complex in middle and late childhood.

Boys have greater bio vulnerability for learning disabilities than girls.

Harri/Golinkoff/Hirsh-Pasek (2011), which of the following is a key principle in young children's vocabulary development

Children learn the words they hear most often when interacting with others

Peer competence in middle and late childhood has been linked to

better relationships with coworkers in early adulthood.

According to Piaget: Parent-child relations = less likely to advance moral reasoning than peer relations because:

parents often hand down rules in an authoritarian way.

_____ mothers parenting was linked to toddlers lower emotional competence, while _____ mothers' parenting was associate

emotion-dismissing; emotion-coaching

Ella (8) can use scissors to cut out small paper dolls, something she couldn't do before. What best accounts for change?

increased myelination of the central nervous system

Exposure to TV violence caused the aggression in the children here

(John Coie) which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?

They are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention.

In the context of theories of cognitive development, unlike Vygotsky, Piaget believed that

cognition primarily directs language.

Which of the following statements reflects Carol Gilligan's criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Kohlberg's theory is the male norm perspective

children under 4 don't understand that its possible to have a false belief.

Maribel's children experience less effective parenting than Kim's children.

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UEDU Exam 2 - Full

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1
Which of the following statements is true regarding Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?
children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings.
This stage lasts from approximately 3 months to 2 years of age.
This stage involves the ability to use deductive reasoning.
a child can perform operations independently without adult supervision.
2
_ is a process that helps to explain how young children learn the connection between a word and its referent so quickly.
Centration
Conservation
Vertical thinking
Fast mapping
3
It is considered difficult to create culture-fair intelligence tests because they
consider the values that are common to all test takers.
predominantly test the nonverbal skills of the test taker.
use only standardized test items familiar to all test takers.
reflect the cultures of some test takers more than others.
4
Which of the following statements about cancer in children is true?
Children with cancer are surviving for a shorter period than in the past.
The most common cancer in children in the United States is lung cancer
One in every 330 children in the US develops cancer before the age of 19.
Cancer is the leading cause of death in children in the United States.
5
(Bronstein, 2006) yielded which of the following conclusions about parental influences on children's gender development?
Mothers place more restrictions on sons autonomy than on daughters .
Mothers socialize sons to be more obedient and responsible than daughters
Fathers engage in more activities with their daughters than with their sons
Fathers put more effort into promoting sons' intelligence than daughters'
6
Which of the following is among the characteristics of sibling relationships described by Judy Dunn?
There is no observable variation in sibling relationships.
Most children have predominantly negative feelings toward their siblings.
There is considerable variation in sibling relationships.
Most siblings report that they do not really know each other very well.
7
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indulgent parent.
authoritative parent.
neglectful parent.
authoritarian parent.
8
When adults work w/kids, they provide hints & support so kids can succeed. As kids do more alone, adults stop. This is:
development of conservational abilities.
enhancement of intuitive reasoning.
process of centration.
zone of proximal development.
9
Study found that girls' perception that teachers had gendered expectations favoring boys over girls was linked to:
generally negative attitudes toward teachers.
generally negative attitudes toward each other.
girls having more negative math beliefs and lower math achievement.
generally negative attitudes toward boys.
10
Research has demonstrated that trauma associated with community violence exposure (CVE) can be caused by:
excessive viewing of fictional TV violence
hearing about someone elseâ s victimization by violence
witnessing someone else's victimization by violence
direct victimization of violence
11
By the time children are 11 years old, their vocabulary has increased to approximately
100,000 words.
10,000 words.
40,000 words.
200,000 words.
12
Nicole is 3, goes to Montessori school. Which of the following is likely true of Nicole's teachers?
They will show her how to perform intellectual activities.
They will make all the decisions for her.
They will act as directors rather than facilitators.
They ensure Nicole picks activities they believe are important
13
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Asperger syndrome
Autistic disorder
ICF syndrome
ADHD
14
Which of the following is true about childhood maltreatment?
Childhood maltreatment can be caused by a single factor.
Violence on television does not impact the violence we see in families.
Stress/substance/various factors may contribute to child maltreatment.
Two-thirds of parents who are abused go on to abuse their own children.
15
Which of the following is true of Head Start programs?
They are funded by private corporate sectors.
They provide for low-income families.
They have a negative effect on young children's language development.
They focus on children of a particular ethnic origin.
16
Learning disabilities
are primarily the result of inadequate intellectual functioning.
are not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities.
Learning disabilities
do not involve understanding or using spoken language.
17
In the context of early childhood education, developmentally appropriate practice emphasizes the
the content of learning rather than the process of learning.
importance of creating settings that encourage active learning w/ interests
education of the whole child & concern for their wellness
importance of giving kids freedom & choice allow them to move as desired
18
Which of the following is among the criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Kohlberg's theory is based on the prevention of suffering of others.
There is no emphasis on the need for justice in matters of morality.
Compassion is given too much importance in Kohlberg's theory.
Too much emphasis on moral thought & not enough emphasis on moral behavior.
19
The CDC has categories for weight that are determined by Body Mass Index. Kids at or above 97th % are classified as:
malnourished
at risk of being overweight
overweight
obese
20
"I know that I will be able to learn the material in this class" and "I expect to be able to do well at this activity."
low self-esteem
high self-esteem
low self-efficacy
high self-efficacy
21
Social role theory suggests that
mother and father roles are socially constructed
social roles are chosen, not determined
nature determines differences between the social labels that we call gender
social hierarchy and division of labor cause gender differences in power
22
Which of the following statements about the development of self-understanding in children is true?
In elementary, children are less likely to notice social aspects of self
Self-understanding becomes more complex in middle and late childhood.
Kids self-understanding in childhood includes separating self from others
8-11 years, self understanding is focused on physical characteristics
23
UEDU Exam 2 - Part 3
Learning disabilities are more difficult to detect in boys than in girls.
Girls' education is given priority in schools and homes.
Boys have greater bio vulnerability for learning disabilities than girls.
Girls are more likely to be referred by teachers for treatment than boys.
24
Harri/Golinkoff/Hirsh-Pasek (2011), which of the following is a key principle in young children's vocabulary development
Children learn words more passively.
Children learn new words more effectively when new words are isolated
Children learn the words they hear most often when interacting with others
Children learn words best if grammar &vocabulary are given less emphasis.
25
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the number of physical activity facilities near their home
parents encouragement of physical activity
children s sports participation
time children spent indoors
26
Peer competence in middle and late childhood has been linked to
better job performance in middle adulthood.
better satisfaction in marriage in early adulthood.
better relationships with coworkers in early adulthood.
less depression in middle adulthood.
27
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Independence
Emotion regulation
Moral integrity
Moral development
28
According to Piaget: Parent-child relations = less likely to advance moral reasoning than peer relations because:
peers are less likely to allow negotiation and reasoning about broken rules
parents often hand down rules in an authoritarian way.
peer groups immediately mete out punishments for rule breaking.
parents are inconsistent in delivering the consequences for broken rules.
29
_____ mothers parenting was linked to toddlers lower emotional competence, while _____ mothers' parenting was associate
indulging; authoritarian
emotion-coaching; emotion-dismissing
emotion-dismissing; emotion-coaching
authoritarian; indulgent
30
Ruth is 3, draws a picture with purple/blue mixed with green, yellow, brown. "A boat at sunset with whales!" Which term?
conservation
the symbolic function substage
the intuitive thought substage
animism
31
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inclusion
elaboration
metacognition
brainstorming
32
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analytical
practical
interpersonal
spatial
33
Ella (8) can use scissors to cut out small paper dolls, something she couldn't do before. What best accounts for change?
increased bone ossification
increased myelination of the central nervous system
increased cortical thickening in the temporal lobe
increased muscle development
34
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latchkey control.
boundary ambiguity.
unilateral control.
coregulation.
35
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Violent TV cartoons caused the increased aggression here
The cause of aggression cannot be determined
Exposure to TV violence caused the aggression in the children here
Preschool children are naturally more aggressive than older children.
36
Diana Baumrind's parenting styles: Children w/ authoritative parents differ from authoritarian parents in that:
are more anxious about comparing themselves to others.
are more likely to be overweight or obese.
are more achievement-oriented.
cope poorly with stress.
37
(John Coie) which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?
They receive an average number of peer positive and negative nominations
They are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention.
They are less emotionally reactive.
They are unappreciated by their parents and teachers.
38
Ben (12) judges the goodness of behavior by considering its consequences, not the intentions of the actor - He would be:
autonomous moralist.
heteronomous moralist.
pragmatist.
authoritarian.
39
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controversial
rejected
average
popular
40
Olivia is 3. Obsessed with toy train & names Max. Spills milk and blames Max to avoid trouble. What is this?
centration.
animism.
egocentrism.
conservation.
41
The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as
symbolism.
animism.
empathy.
egocentrism.
42
In the context of theories of cognitive development, unlike Vygotsky, Piaget believed that
language plays a powerful role in shaping thought.
children construct knowledge through social interaction.
education plays a central role in helping children learn culture.
cognition primarily directs language.
43
Which of the following is the first stage of Piaget's theory of moral development?
heteronomous morality
autonomous morality
autonomy versus shame and doubt
initiative versus guilt
44
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PTSD
EMDR
OCD
ADHD
45
Which of the following statements reflects Carol Gilligan's criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Kohlberg sees individuals as products of family process
Kohlberg's theory doesn't capture much of moral reasoning in other cultures
Kohlberg's theory is the male norm perspective
Kohlberg places too much emphasis on moral behavior and not thought
46
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sensorimotor stage
concrete operational stage
preoperational stage
formal operational stage
47
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children refer to cognitive states earlier than they refer to desires.
3-year-old children have a deepening appreciation of the mind.
children under 4 don't understand that its possible to have a false belief.
5 year olds believe behaviors don't always reflect their thoughts and feel
48
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both Maribel's and Kim's children are likely to do poorly in school.
neither children will be negatively affected by their mothers' jobs.
Maribel's children experience less effective parenting than Kim's children.
Kim's children experience less effective parenting than Maribel's children.
49
Diego is 3. Mom pours juice in two glasses. Sister has taller glass. Diego cries because he thinks she has more. This is
egocentrism.
animism.
centration.
imitation.
50
__ involves a sense of one's own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female.
Gender labeling
Gender identity
Gender role
Gender typing
51
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sex-typed behavior.
inappropriate behavior.
rebellious behavior.
gender confusion.
52
Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development by
observing children interact with each other when they were in conflict.
identifying personality type related to high & low self-esteem in children.
presenting kids with stories in which characters face moral dilemmas.
interviewing families about how they have taught morals
53
Diego is 3. Mom pours juice in two glasses. Sister has taller glass. Diego cries because he thinks she has more-This is:
centration.
animism.
imitation.
egocentrism.
54
Which of the following scenarios best represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development?
Teacher waits for students to come up with good answers to questions
A teacher assigns challenging tasks that students must complete alone
Teacher helps students with lab work by showing them stuff they don't know
Instructor offers standardized tests to students to evaluate mental ability
55
Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is true?
By age 6, the brain has reached about 95 percent of its adult size.
By the time a child is 3 years, the brain is 25 percent of its adult size.
The development that occurs inside the brain ends at adolescence.
The brain of a 5-year-old is 60 percent the size of an adult brain.
56
According to CDC which is the most common cause of accidental death in young children in the US (2015)
deformations
homicide
suffocation
drowning
57
Martha is writing about cardiovascular disease in children. Which is a true statement that could be her introduction?
Cardiovascular disease is on the decline in children.
Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in children.
Cardiovascular disease is uncommon in children.
Cardiovascular disease is nonexistent in children.
58
Which of the following statements about children who are bilingual is true?
Bilingual kids are less conscious of language structures
Bilingual kids have larger vocab in each language compared to monolings
Bilingual kids have lower cognitive flexibility
Bilingual kids are better at analytical reasoning
59
According to Mona El-Sheikh (2013), which of the following measures will improve children's sleep?
ensuring that they do not listen to music before sleeping
building positive family relationships
ensuring that the bedroom is warm and bright
allowing them to try out different bedtimes and wake times
60
(Krisnana & others, 2020) revealed that the _____ parenting style was associated with being a bully perpetrator.
authoritarian
authoritative
indulgent
neglectful
61
In the context of theories of cognitive development, unlike Vygotsky, Piaget believed that
language plays a powerful role in shaping thought.
education plays a central role in helping kids learn the tools of culture.
cognition primarily directs language.
children construct knowledge through social interaction.
62
Which of the following statements represents the current thinking among a number of experts in the field of reading?
The morphological approach is the best way to teach reading.
Direct instruction in phonics is a key aspect of learning to read.
The whole-language approach & phonics approach are equally effective
Direct instruction in the whole-language approach is a key aspect
63
Which of the following is true of the consequences of low self-esteem in children?
Its been implicated in obesity, anxiety, depression, suicide, delinquency.
Translates into an arrogant, grandiose, unwarranted sense of superiority
It makes children prone to both prosocial and antisocial actions.
It reflects accurate perceptions of their worth.
64
Emotional and personality development: in middle and late childhood, which of the following is true of self-regulation?
High self-regulation is linked to higher levels of deviant behavior.
It leads to decreased social competence and achievement.
based on deliberate efforts to manage behavior, emotions, & thoughts
Low self-regulation = narrowing gap in low-SES children's emotional probs.
65
__ psychologists say that men have changed over time to have dispositions that favor violence/competition/risk taking
Psychoanalytic
Social learning
Behavioral
Evolutionary
66
Lempers, Flavell, and Flavell's research on perception notes that by 2 years of age, children recognize:
they can understand complex topics
you can feel differently than others
they can be more patient
another person will see what's in front of their own eyes, not the child's
67
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communication
affective responsiveness
problem solving
authoritarian discipline
68
Advances in the _____ of the brain in middle and late childhood are linked to children's _____.
parietal lobe; peripheral vision
prefrontal cortex; improved attention, reasoning, and cognitive control
occipital lobe; improved spatial skills
temporal lobe; hand-eye coordination and pincer grasp
69
(Kenneth Dodge) Aggressive boys = more likely to perceive another's actions as hostile when:
their self-esteem is challenged.
the child presents himself or herself as a weak and gullible victim.
the child's intention is ambiguous.
their aggressive responses can be exercised discreetly.
70
Toby is 3. Parents are concerned because he's very active, even when doing calm activities. What should they do?
They should avoid panicking, as his behavior is normal for kids in his age.
To help him develop his attention span.
They should have him tested for attention deficit disorder.
They should enroll him in a behavior modification program.
71
Nathan is 4 & good at stacking blocks to make tall structures but he knocks them down sometimes. Why?
He is showing signs of dyslexia.
Tries to perfectly stack, upsetting those already stacked.
His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.
His gross motor skills are underdeveloped.
72
Which of the following statements about parental smoking is true?
Most children and adolescents in the US are exposed to smoke in their homes
Kids are at risk for health problems if they live where parent smokes.
Kids exposed to smoke are more likely to develop asthma compared to non
Parental smoking = leading cause of death in US kids.
73
Studies support the conclusion that gifted people tend to be
more mature, more emotional issues, grow up in negative families
more mature, fewer emotional issues, grow up in positive families
less mature, have fewer emotional issues, grow up in positive families
less mature, more emotional issues, grow up in negative families
74
Which of the following statements is true regarding short-term memory?
In short-term memory, individuals retain information for up to 5 minutes
Autobiographical memories have been extensively studied in research
Short-term memory involves memory of significant events/experiences.
One method of assessing short-term memory is the memory-span task.
75
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's term for
Range of tasks too difficult to master alone, but can be learned with help
Nature and nurture - learning ability
a young adult's cognitive dev.achieved through interaction with children.
variety of work a child can do with ease at a stage of cognitive dev.

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