A.P. Psychology

Tendency of vision to dominate the other senses

A person whose weight exceeds _____ will feel less hungry than usual and expend more energy

Though top-down processing, we detect the lines, angles, and colors of the objects around us.

Eating disorder characterized by starving oneself

Psychologists that study, assess, and treat troubled people

Primary research tool of first psychologists was the experiment.

The way you're raised in a specific environment

Ability to "see the future"

Diminishing of a conditioned response

Any visual cue that requires both eyes:

What is 1 characteristic associated with those who have fulfilled their potential? Two answers.

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods of reducing:

What is the rooting reflex?

Not speeding while driving because you do not want a ticket is an example of:

Produces an unconditioned response in an organism

Punishment is considered a negative reinforcement.

Serious, severe mental disorder in which contact is lost with external reality

Results from damage to the outer or middle ear

Once we see an object as a figure, it is impossible to see it as ground.

Parents are both demanding yet responsive

The set of rules deriving meaning from sounds

Memory aid

Mental pictures that aid memory

A sample that fairly represents a population

External reward used to motivate

Partial reinforcement is less successful than continuous reinforcement.

Animals exposed to aversive events with no way to escape may develop:

What is a teratogen?

Memory losses combined with internalized anger is likely to result in:

The experimental factor being manipulated

Which of the following is not true about babbling?

Sections of brain responsible for touch, taste, and temperature

Thinking strategy that allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently

Wavelength is to hue as ____ is to brightness.

Process of maintaining information over time

Performance only increases with arousal to a certain point, beyond with performance decreases

Research with ____ patients indicates that we know when to eat based on memory of our last meal

In Erikson's psychological stages, when is trust vs. mistrust demonstrated?

A boy claims he crams right before a test so he doesn't forget the information. You tell him:

What happens in the germinal stage of development?

All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study

All of the following are laws of perceptual organization except:

Taste receptors reproduce every week to two weeks

Before about age __, IQ tests generally do not predict future scores.

Which psychologist refers to fulfilling one's potential as self-actualization?

Freud's theory is that dreams:

The smallest distinctive sound unit in a language

The way you're raised in a specific environment

The ability to solve well-defined problems

Characterized by conscious decision making

Which of the following is true about people who score high on aptitude tests?

A testable theory/prediction

Most common people to develop an eating disorder?

What is the mode of the following distribution of scores: 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 14?

Process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal oriented behaviors

Complete diminishing of a conditioned response

Twins that develop from two different eggs with different DNA

Believed intelligence is inherited:

Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

A tone's highness or lowness

Disorder of the mind involving thoughts, behaviors, and emotions that cause distress

Which of the following is not a requirement of a good test?

Good use of words and overall attractiveness can help convince others to accept ideas

Rorschach tests include:

Choose one of the big five personality factors. Two correct answers.

Personality disorder featuring severe social anxiety, paranoia, often unconventional beliefs

Which is an unlearned response?

Takes place over a long period of time, examining one group of participants

Nerve cell; building block of nervous system

Conflict in which a choice must be made between two undesirable alternatives, causing stress

Metabolic factors do not cause eating disorders.

Someone who is chronically lonely is likely to attribute his unsatisfactory social life to:

The experimental factor being manipulated

When schizophrenia is slow to develop, recovery is ___.

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act a certain way

Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders?

Which of the following individuals is also a physician?

Section of brain containing visual centers

Hormone secreted by pancreas

Chamber between the eardrum and cochlea

17th century philosopher that believed some ideas are innate

How does pain differ from other senses?

Carbohydrates boost levels of ____, which ____ the body

A sample that fairly represents a population

The variable that is not being manipulated

Behavior is best defined as:

How do we perceive a pole that partially covers a bush?

Eyeball is too short

Wernicke's area is located in the:

Two consecutive weeks of low mood accompanied by low self esteem, pain, and loss of interest

Greek philosopher that believed intelligence is inherited

Difficulty speaking, primarily caused by stroke

Seeing objects as standing out from their surroundings

What is the average gestation period?

Conflict in which one must choose between two desirable options, causing stress

What is another term for schizophrenia?

Reinforcing the desired response EVERY TIME it occurs

"Switchboard" for sensory information

In studying personality, a social-cognitive theorist would most likely make use of:

The phantom limb sensation indicates that:

IQ scores of adopted children are more similar to biological parents' test scores than adoptive

Our ability to detect odors peaks in adulthood and declines thereafter.

Bottom-up processing draws on our experiences and expectations.

Which brain waves are associated with dreaming?

Freud's theory is that human development is:

Sensory memory that decays more slowly than visual sensory memory

What is preconventional morality according to Kohlberg?

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; uses both eyes to compute distance

Who introduced the early school of structuralism?

Outermost part of brain responsible for sensory input

Operates on pleasure principle; made to satisfy basic urges

Which is not considered a natural, biological rhythm?

During which stage is logical thinking about events enabled? Hint: ages 7-11 (Piaget)

Where memories are stored

The disorganized thoughts of those with schizophrenia result from a breakdown in:

Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus will cause an animal to:

Having a relatively high level of brain arousal is associated with being:

What is the embryonic stage of development?

An event that decreases the behavior that it follows

Which rhythm is shorter than a circadian rhythm?

Cannot speak, write, or understand language

6 month old infants will cross a visual cliff if their mother falls.

An event that decreases the behavior it follows

Who founded the first lab in the field of psychology?

Objects higher in our field of vision are perceived as farther away due to the principle of:

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably

To get information out of storage, we must

Believed knowledge originates from experience.

Most psychologists agree that intelligence is mainly based on heredity.

Which are less likely to experience a red-green color deficiency?

Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?

The phonemes for all languages are the same.

Disturbances in a person's movement, typically bringing out severe aggression

A sound that comes from directly ahead will be ____ to locate than sounds coming from one side

Severe mood shifts or a mix of depression, anxiety, and manic episodes

Lifelong pattern of extreme shyness and feelings of inadequacy

Contributes to the activation of the fight or flight stress response

Focusing on inner sensations, images, and feelings

Obese mice eat less, become more active, and lose weight when injected with:

Sensation is to detecting a stimulus as perception is to ____.

All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study

Inability to stop thinking about something without high anxiety

Came up with the universal grammar theory

Most common form of schizophrenic hallucinations

Process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Automatic feeling or thought

Being on time to school to avoid getting punished for too many tardies is an example of an:

The brain computes an object's brightness ____ its surroundings.

How large is a fetus during the 6th month of development?

Ability to access stored information when you need it

Eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by purging (vomiting)

Francis Bacon's ideas led most directly to the scholarly view known as:

Desire to perform a behavior for one's own sake

Extreme, irrational fear of an object, place, or situation

Psychology is currently defined as:

Personality disorder; emotionally unstable, unstable relationships, and unstable sense of self

Whether an individual's traits remain the same or change throughout life

Neuron extension that passes "messages" through its branches

Our position and motion sensors are found in the semicircular canals

Condition where you experience random bouts of unconsciousness

Bulimia nervosa involves:

Historical roots of psychology:

The method of introspection is reliable

Gland(s) that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

According to ___, we learn to perceive the world.

One sense may influence another

Who introduced the idea of adolescence?

A test designed to measure current knowledge

The psychological views of James are to those of Titchener as functionalism is to ____.

Which type of manager has little trust for their employees and feels they must be watched?

Parents impose rules and expect obedience

Consists of the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

Excessive self love

The receptors for taste are located in the:

Choose the best example of flashbulb memory:

Recalling information of oneself

Sign language has its own grammar, syntax, and semantics.

Philosopher than maintained knowledge comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences

The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response

Stimulation of the hypothalamus will cause an animal to begin eating.

According to Levinson, when do you re-examine and question earlier life decisions?

According to Darwin, evolution works through the process of

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as rewards or treats

Cramming before a test is an effective way to retain information.

Sign language ___ a complete language.

Kinesthesis involves:

Parents submit to their children's desires

Defined by having a body mass index (BMI) over 25

Observation in depth of a single person

Depression is linked with:

The amount of energy used while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment

Your friend tosses you a frisbee. You know it is getting closer rather than larger because of:

The inner ear contains receptors for:

The conscious executive of a personality

Upholding laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

Admits light

During which stage of sleep is it hardest to wake someone? Hint: Delta waves are present.

A testable prediction/theory

Set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

Fake/false treatment to measure change and actual effect

In which does dreamless sleep occur?

A person standing atop a mountain on a clear night can see a candle flame 30 mi. away. This is:

Cell in the thalamus that is excited by red and inhibited by green:

Inhibitory neurotransmitters; body's natural painkillers

The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the:

Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Which are more likely to have a color deficiency or blindness?

Belief that is held with strong conviction despite superior evidence proving that belief wrong

Type A people (according to Friedman and Rosenman) are:

Expected behavior of a male or female

Beginning to anticipate events by learning a link between two or more stimuli

Loss of ability to have children, ending of menstruation in women

Deaf children raised in a household that uses sign language feel more accepted.

The ___ perspective explores how our minds process, encode, store, and retrieve information

The best example of something, an original. Used to enhance memory and recall

Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of:

Seeing, hearing, imagining something that is not there caused by mental disorders

To overestimate the accuracy of one's own beliefs and judgements

Of the four distinct skin senses, the only one that has definable receptors is:

Which is not a symptom/sign of bulimia nervosa?

Prove psychotherapy and treat physical causes of psychological disorders

What does the pineal gland produce? (Hint: it is stimulated by light)

Learned response or reaction to something

According to Freud, what are gender roles based on?

The historical roots of psychology include:

How people differ as products of different environments

Which is not a stage of grief?

The process by which sensory info is converted into neural energy is:

At a party, we are easily able to attend to one voice speaking among many.

Someone with an IQ test score of 63 at the age of 24 is likely to:

Body structures making sexual reproduction possible

Cleaning your room because you'd like it clean, not because your parents told you to, is:

This part of the brain becomes especially active for verbal test questions.

Condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated

Which of the following is considered to be an overgeneralization of a grammatical rule?

Maintaining information in memory storage:

A group of genes of an individual

Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

A set of ideas, behaviors, attitudes, and traditions that exist within large groups of people

Which psychologist introduced psychoanalysis?

In abundance, this chemical increases metabolism.

Includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

Behavior in the workplace

This naturally and automatically triggers a response.

Focuses on the adaptive significance of mental and behavioral processes

Starting with larger details and working your way down

Anorexia nervosa involves binge eating followed by purging.

Hearing losses that occur with age are especially pronounced for ___ sounds.

Desire to perform a behavior for one's own sake

Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

The strength of the relationship between two vivid events will most likely be:

The science of behavior and mental processes

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to use or show it

Which of the following is not one of the basic tastes?

Process of recognizing and interpreting sensory stimuli

Which is NOT a visual illusion?

Which of the following is a major criticism of the social cognitive perspective?

Short term memory has ____ subsystems.

Illnesses caused by viruses are not considered teratogens.

Unwanted thoughts, sensations, urges, feelings, or behaviors. Often repetitive

Inability to recall one's past, and the loss of identity or the formation of a new one

Cause of eating disorders is unknown, but proposed explanations focus on all but:

A type of learning in which behavior is diminished by a punishment

Conditions that involve disruptions of memory, awareness, identity, or perception

"Overlearning" something hinders retention of the material.

Impairment of language

Our genes play an important part in defining our temperament.

The child who says "milk gone" is engaging in:

Observing the way someone shoots a basketball and then imitating the way they do it is:

High levels of male hormones during prenatal development may enhance:

Schizophrenia is associated with excess ___ receptors.

Closes pain gate

Which psychologist studied children most?

The subject matter of psychology has changed over the history of the field.

Hunger triggering hormone

Approximately what percentage of population is mentally retarded?

Our ability to perceive motion

Children first demonstrate an understanding for syntax during the ___ stage.

The science of behavior and mental processes

Being an introvert means:

What psychologist discovered that contact is the key to development (using monkeys)?

A boy's sexual desires towards the opposite sex parent

Anorexia always begins as a weight loss diet.

Using a jingle or rhyme to remember something is considered a:

The film of a camera is analogous to the eye's:

Frequency is to pitch as _____ is to _____.

Learning that occurs, but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Person claiming to be able to read another person's mind is claiming to have:

What gland is considered the "master gland" that controls the others?

Three steps of memory processing, in order:

Nerve deafness is caused by:

In an experiment to determine the effects of attention on memory, memory is the:

The variable held constant, controlled

A rule or procedure that guarantees a solution to a particular problem

A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the interaction between brain and body in behavior?

Difficulty hearing high pitched sounds typically includes problems with:

Depression that lasts for 2+ years, usually mild to moderate

When does fetal brain development occur most?

To get information into storage, we must

What does the thyroid control?

A patient is having delusions that they are being plotted against. They are showing signs of:

Personality tests based on peer reports are ___ accurate than ones based on self reports.

According to Piaget, what develops during the pre operational stage of development?

What is the first stage of grief?

Desire to perform a behavior due to an incentive (promised reward or threat of punishment)

When does the most development occur in babies?

The motivation to fulfill one's potential

The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list best

The outer ear channels sound waves toward the ___, a membrane that then vibrates.

Long wavelength =

A neuron's branching extensions

Research shows most people have a ___ self-esteem.

Part of the answer to "who am I?" that comes from our group memberships/relationships

The measure of variation that is most affected by extreme scores

Bridge between left and right hemispheres of the brain

A fertilized egg

An illusion of movement when seeing a succession of still images

Increasing behaviors by stopping/reducing negative stimuli

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Modern studies reveal a ___ positive correlation between head size and intelligence score.

State of being seriously mentally ill, little contact with reality

When obese people receive leptin injections, body weight tends to:

In promoting personality growth, the person-centered perspective emphasizes all but:

If one of two identical objects reflects more light to your eyes it'll be perceived as:

Separate tube-like segments that insulate the axon inside a neuron

Controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience on behavior

Information is maintained in short term memory only briefly unless it is:

Which research seeks solutions to practical problems?

Tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions

The smallest unit in a language that carries meaning (may be a word or part of one)

Which is a monocular depth cue?

Controls vital reflexes, such as breathing, heartbeat, and internal temperature

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli. Example: giving dog a treat

Ability to form close, loving relationships

Reinforcing a response only sometimes, or part of the time.

Friedman's term for easygoing, relaxed people

Internal balance

Process by which we perceive and respond to certain events

IQ test scores in the United States have been dropping over the past 50 years.

Believes the mind is blank at birth and most knowledge comes from sensory experience

Responsible for hearing, speaking, and comprehension

Tendency to organize stimuli into smooth uninterrupted patterns:

Learning by observing others

Increases in insulin will:

High frequency =

Controls the pupil

Desire to do something due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

____ processing refers to how our knowledge and expectations influence perception

Studies of the visual cliff have provided evidence that much of depth perception is:

Patterns of excessive attention seeking emotions (seductive behavior, need for approval)

A way to alleviate chronic pain is to stimulate the ___ nerve fibers that ___ the spinal gate.

Which are opposing colors?

Hormone secreted by an empty stomach

A test designed to predict a person's ability to learn something new

A fetus is the developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization thru the second month

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli (punishments)

In generalizing from a sample to the population, it is important that the sample be:

Research strategy that'd help determine whether students' college grades predict later income?

Excitatory neurotransmitter; pleasure chemical

Using what you know from experience, forming a plan

Beginning at about 4 months; infant spontaneously utters sounds

Learned response

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

Tendency to approach a problem a particular way, usually a way proven successful in the past

a decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it

Figure is to ground as ____ is to _____.

Where fear is processed

Makes chemicals involved with sleep

Reinforcing a response only part of the time

An organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure

Processes visual information

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Giving a dog a treat as a reward is an example of a:

Tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions

Age where you begin storing memories of events

Focusing on inner sensations, images, and feelings

Which BEST describes the hindsight bias?

Textbook chapters are often organized into ___ to facilitate information processing.

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

Receptors for hearing are located in:

Which neurotransmitter is overabundant during the manic phase of Bipolar Disorder?

Opens pain gate

Titchener introduced the school of structuralism, which used the method of:

A type of learning in which behavior is diminished by a punishment

Proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, and connectedness are examples of:

Which are NOT opposing colors?

The term gestalt means:

Naturally and automatically triggers a response

Someone hearing a recording of a Japanese, Spanish, and American children babbling would:

Process of getting information out of memory storage:

Twins who develop from one egg that divides into two and have the same DNA

The brain's ____ lobe is ___ active in extroverts.

In its earliest days, psychology was defined as:

Unlearned response

Pavlov discovered: (Hint: dogs salivating when a bell is rang)

Common mental illness, featuring feelings of uneasiness, worry, and fear

Thinking without using language is impossible.

Using an acronym is a form of this specifically:

Sleep chemical tied to mood disorders