knowledgetranslationincludessynthesesdisseminationexchangeandethicallysoundapplicationofknowled

great thanks., ......what the fuck??

what does external validity deal with?

the ability to generalize the findings outside the study

WHAT is correlational research???? (there's a theme here)

two things happen at the same time

what are the other three levels of appraisal? (aside from persuasiveness.... because u know it)

credibility, objectivity, value

what IS phenomenology (since you're so smart and you got the last Q correct)

phenomenon and how they are experienced

which pertains to Conceptual (indirect) level research results?

informs your individual practice

a statistically significant hypothesis = ????

finding unlikely to have occurred by chance

communication of research findings

what is the aim of post-positive theory?

explanation, prediction, control

define research ethics

system of moral values. distinguish right from wrong

which is not part of the research process?

state an unclear purpose for the research

laying aside what the researcher knows about the study

what is an extraneous variable?

interfere with clear understanding, controlled/uncontrolled

the reliability coefficient expresses the relationship between the....

error variance, true variance, observed score

define Chi-Square test

tests whether frequencies in each group are different

explain the non-probability sampling method: Quota

identifies specific strata of the population- proportional

what is NOT true about Pearson's r?

tests that the relationship b/n two variables is zero

what are the four elements of knowledge translation? (i actually wrote them out in the last Q)

synthesis, dissemination, exchange, ethical knowledge

studbud

CNUR 209 (a very fanshawe cram session)

129 termsStudBud Administration36 plays

oh lord i don't know anything help please help oh my god what the heck even is research??? help please i just want to get a good mark AHHHHHHHH

Flashcards129 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 129

Answers

1
knowledgetranslationincludessynthesesdisseminationexchangeandethicallysoundapplicationofknowled
great thanks.
......what the fuck??
2
which is the highest level of measurement?
interval
ratio
ordinal
nominal
3
which is NOT threat to external validity?
selection effect
ecological effect
measurement effect
reactive effect
4
which form of random sampling includes fixed intervals?
simple random
stratified random
multistage
systematic
5
what does external validity deal with?
a developmental process over time
the ability to generalize the findings outside the study
possible differential attrition from groups
the independent variable causing change in the dependent
6
Complete the evidence informed decision making process: Define, Search, Appraise, Synthesize
adapt, evaluate, implement
adapt, implement, evaluate
implement, adapt, evaluate
evaluate, adapt, implement
7
WHAT is correlational research???? (there's a theme here)
two things happen at the same time
has to meet criteria- controlled- population drawn
as soon as something from experimental isn't met
percentages
8
subjects are exposed to 2+ conditions in random order
pretest-only
post test-only
factorial design
crossover design
9
which test of difference tests whether the means of two groups are different?
chi-square
t-test
ANOVA
10
(reliability coefficient)0= no relationship, 1= perfect relationship, 0.89= strong relationship
true
false
11
what are the other three levels of appraisal? (aside from persuasiveness.... because u know it)
objectivity, convenience, demonstrativeness
credibility, transferability, value
value, differential, validity
credibility, objectivity, value
12
what IS phenomenology (since you're so smart and you got the last Q correct)
specific examples and differences between them
interviews
culture
phenomenon and how they are experienced
13
which of these is NOT a basic ethical principle?
justice
respect for others
competence
beneficence
14
which is NOT a threat to internal validity?
selection threat
maturation threat
history threat
reactive threat
15
which pertains to Conceptual (indirect) level research results?
you change what you do
informs your individual practice
implementing research evidence is a complex, team effort
16
which type of triangulation uses different researchers with divergent backgrounds?
data
methodological
investigator
interdisciplinary
17
which form of non-probability sampling uses grounded theory research?
quota
theoretical
matching
purposive
18
a statistically significant hypothesis = ????
finding unlikely to have occurred by chance
significance unimportant to the outcome of data analysis
no relationship between variables
clinical relevance
19
one way in which sample size is NOT determined in qualitative studies?
scope of the study
nature of the topic
study design
number of variables
20
define dissemination
communication of research findings
research that lets you change what you do
integrative review of literature, formulation of new theory
influence of nurse's thinking but not the action
21
not all things can be understood, sensed, or placed into a cause-effect relationship
constructive
post-positive
critical-social
22
what does Pearson's r range from?
0 to +2.0
-1.0 to +2.0
-2.0 to 0
-1.0 to +1.0
23
true or false: measurement reliability tests whether the measurement instrument is accurate
false
true
24
Which research type is this example? how to determine two or more variables are related
prognosis
relational
intervention
descriptive
25
what is the aim of post-positive theory?
explanation, prediction, control
understanding, reconstruction
critique, change, reconstruction, emancipation
26
true or false: transparency is required to obtain rigour
false
true
27
-order/ranking imposed on categories -numbers must preserve order
ratio
nominal
ordinal
interval
28
one way in which sample size is NOT determined in quantitative studies?
effect size
data saturation technique
number of variables
larger the sample = more representative
29
Which research type is this example? how to select the best interventions that do more good
relational
descriptive
intervention
prognosis
30
define research ethics
system of moral values. distinguish right from wrong
scrupulous adherence to a philosophical perspective
detailed evidence presented on how a study was conducted
consideration of all data in subjective theory development
31
true or false: consent begins at age 18
true
false
32
what is the aim of constructive theory?
critique, change, reconstruction, emancipation
explanation, prediction, control
understanding, reconstruction
33
what questions should you ask when critiquing the ethics of an essay?
was the study approved by the appropriate IRB?
all of these questions apply
was privacy protected during study and final report?
was legally authorized consent given for incompetent subject
34
which is not part of the research process?
state an unclear purpose for the research
obtain ethical approval if involving human subjects
identify issue and develop topic/research question
decide aims, objectives, approach, perspective, design
35
Which research type is this example? How to understand what is going on
relational
descriptive
intervention
prognosis
36
what is bracketing?
a big picture look at the results of many studies
laying aside what the researcher knows about the study
look at the problem from more than one perspective
process of recognizing and recovering emergent themes
37
what is this statement an example of? "does the treatment effect diabetic patients?"
internal validity
external validity
38
assessing the FACTS. Fittingness, Auditability, Credibility, Trustworthiness, S______?
sensibility
soundness
saturation
standard
39
which of these is NOT used with construct validity?
expert panel
contrasted-groups
hypothesis-testing
convergent and divergent
40
encourages triangulation and intense scrutiny of research
critical-social
post-positive
constructive
41
what is an extraneous variable?
sample characteristics
interfere with clear understanding, controlled/uncontrolled
can be manipulated, doesn't change
outcome, change is caused by another variable
42
the reliability coefficient expresses the relationship between the....
error variance, true variance, observed score
retest reliability, alternate form, interrater reliability
stability variance, consistency variance, accuracy variance
stability variance, true variance, equivalent score
43
finish the 6s pyramid: System, Summaries, Synopses of Syntheses, Syntheses _________, Studies
Sample Synopses
Synergy
Searching
Synopses of Single Study
44
define Chi-Square test
tests whether the means of two groups are different
tests whether frequencies in each group are different
tests difference between more than two means
45
which internal validity threat comes from pre-existing differences?
history threat
mortality threat
selection threat
maturation threat
46
which is an advantage to quasi-experimental?
at least one plausible rival explanation
readily generalized
able to manipulate dependent variable
cause and effect inferences not made easily
47
explain the non-probability sampling method: Quota
"snowball sampling"
saturated samples based on researcher expectations
an equivalent comparison group with similarities b/n people
identifies specific strata of the population- proportional
48
which of these is NOT a mode of dissemination?
consultations
publication
critiques
conferences
49
reality is plastic and at all times imperfectly understood
post-positive
constructive
critical-social
50
what is NOT true about Pearson's r?
performed on data collected from a single sample
used to ascertain magnitude and direction of correlations
used when measures are on an interval or ratio scale
tests that the relationship b/n two variables is zero
51
what are the four elements of knowledge translation? (i actually wrote them out in the last Q)
publications, conferences, consultations, training programs
synthesis, dissemination, exchange, ethical knowledge
conceptual (indirect), practical (direct), WE
symmetry, distortion, expertise, ethical knowledge
52
measurement validity refers to whether a measurement instrument accurately measures....
precision, accuracy, consistency
face validity, predictive validity, correlation validity
convergent, divergent, contrast
53
which is NOT true about the independent variable?
non-experimental when it occurs naturally
experimental study is manipulated
outcome variable
presumed to affect dependent variable
54
which of these is not a nursing paradigm?
critical-social
realist
post-positivist
constructivist
55
what IS participatory action research?
power and politics are irrelevant in research
not part of the research process
comes from post-positive paradigm
based on ideological perspective
56
explain the Focus group technique
in depth investigation, long periods of time
obtains info on many items in a population
small group interview, facilitation
57
define the experimental design: factorial design
more than one independent variable is manipulated
after only
subjects are exposed to 2+ conditions in random order
before only
58
implementing research evidence is a complex, team effort (unit organization)
practical/instrumental (direct) level
conceptual (indirect) level
WE
59
the measures used to test validity are?
factorial, analytical, validity
content, criterion-related, construct
precision, accuracy, consistency
convergent, divergent, contrast
60
Program Evaluation research: what is formative analysis?
descriptive info about how a program operates
identify how social program can improve services and adapt
determine if social program will continue or not
information of program's net effects
61
what is the purpose of reading research?
continuously improve healthcare or professional practice
continually monitor capacity and building strategy
gain data and understanding of uptake
62
how does content validity work?
measures affect and mood congruent
measures theoretical construct or trait and validates it
measures face validity and expert panel
63
used to explain: extent of relationship, probability of event occurring(accurate predictions)
hypothesis testing
probability theory
inference theory
normal distribution
64
withdrawal or loss of subjects from a study
sample attrition
sample retention
65
reality is constructed by those with the most power at particular points in history
post-positive
constructive
critical-social
66
Which research type is this example?Estimated likelihood overtime of anticipated disease
descriptive
intervention
prognosis
relational
67
which of these Stages of Literature Review is false?
Analysis and Interpretation: answer PICOT
Data Evaluation: synthesis
Problem Formation: deciding the topic
Literature Search: writing papers
68
when looking at a scatterplot, which direction would a perfect correlation go?
there would be no direction
equal and straight across
upward
downward
69
true or false: quasi-experimental designs lack randomization of control group features
true
false
70
define clinically significant
relationship b/n variables is not likely due to chance
no significant difference or relationship
true reflection of reality (includes negative findings)
numbers relevant in clincal setting, change has meaning
71
which research approach uses phenomenology?
quantitative
qualitative
72
how does Empirical Generalization differ from Generalization?
acquired from a specific instance to a general situation
based on accumulated evidence from many studies
73
sound research design, competent investigators, risk-benefit ratio- matches which principle?
beneficence
justice
respect
74
which is NOT part of homogeneity in regards to measurement reliability?
full-half reliability
item-to-total correlation
cronbach's alpha
kuder-richardson coefficient
75
systematic inquiry that uses rigorous methods to answer questions or solve problems
research
evidence informed practice
hypothesis
post-positivism
76
which is not correct? informed consent means that participants:
have a free choice in deciding to participate or withdraw
have adequate info about the research
choose how the study is run
can comprehend the information
77
which is NOT a criteria for causality?
there does not have to be relationship b/n cause and effect
the cause must precede the effect in time
cause and effect can't be explained by third variable
78
define this quasi-experimental design: time series design
within subjects' design
two or more groups observed before and after intervention
gather pre and post intervention over long period of time
after only observation
79
which external validity threat does this pertain to? changes as a result of a pretest
selection effects
reactive effects
measurement effects
80
define best practice
strongest research design for assessing effect and efficacy
recommendations that may evolve based on ongoing experience
descriptive surveys and studies that answer questions
rigorous syntheses/reviews of research
81
which form of random sampling includes the use of different stratas of people (age gender etc)
stratified random
multistage
simple random
systematic
82
process of recognizing and recovering emergent themes?
integrative review
historical research
thematic analysis
bracketing
83
what is the aim of critical-social theory?
critique, change, reconstruction, emancipation
explanation, prediction, control
understanding, reconstruction
84
which is NOT a cause for lack of rigour?
failure to give careful observation to all data
overdeveloped methods
inconsistency in adhering to philosophy of approach used
insufficient time spent collecting data
85
true or false: informed consent is a piece of paper, moment in time, legal contract
true
false
86
what is the range of the Reliability coefficient?
0 to 0.78
-1.0 to 0
-1.0 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
87
an outcome in the present is linked to a hypothesized cause occurring in the past
retrospective correlation
cross-sectional correlation
prospective correlation
interventional correlation
88
which does NOT relate to psychometrics?
concerned with measurement of a concept with reliable tools
theory and development of measurement instruments/techniques
affirms constancy in a homogeneous sample
intangible construct made tangible with instrument
89
why is it cool to use mixed methods research?
creates NEW frontiers
increases overall strength of design and depth of results
because all the cool kids are doing it
triangulation occurs
90
what is grounded theory?!?! (last one of these sorry)
people experience life as a story
discover underlying social forces that shape human behaviour
understand meaning of experiences as it is lived
purposive, non-probability
91
the senses provide use with an imperfect understanding of the external/material world
constructive
post-positive
critical-social
92
define the level of appraisal: Persuasiveness
do the results make a difference?
how peer is the data? bias?
what are the author's credentials? is evidence valid?
can you believe the findings? what is most/least convincing?
93
define ethical dilemma
study participants are in direct conflict with requirements
confidentiality procedures
a fraudulent studies
scientific misconduct and unauthorized study
94
which paradigm does Participatory Action Research (PAR) come from?
post-positive
critical-social
constructive
95
which is a disadvantage to experimental research?
controlled
randomization
manipulation
variables technically but not ethically manipulated
96
used in harm studies to estimate if a subject has been harmed by being exposed to an event
generalization
confidence interval
odds ratio
empirical generalization
97
which does NOT apply to the definition: effect size
when effect size is large, only small sample is needed
increasing sample size = increase in effect size
when effect size is large, a large sample is needed
extent to which the null hypothesis is false
98
which form of non-random sampling includes using the most readily accessible participant?
quota
convenience
matching
99
explain non-directional vs. directional hypothesis
relationship vs. cause/effect
relationship between two variables vs. between 3 or more
no difference between variables vs. what researcher thinks
there will be a difference vs. increase of decrease
100
contextual awareness and understanding of reality is the focus of the research
post-positive
constructive
critical-social
101
referring back to rigour in historical research, define: reliability
is this document authentic?
understand meaning, the researcher should be aware of bias
102
what is heterogenous sampling?
specific characteristics a subject cannot possess
sampling that is as similar as possible
specific characteristics a subject must possess
sampling that has a broad range of values
103
what is decision-driven evidence?
decision based on review and critique of studies applicable
application of scientific knowledge
influences nurse's thinking but not the action
use of knowledge with cognitive application
104
which type of triangulation uses multiple perspectives during data interpretation?
investigator
theory
methodological
data
105
which is NOT a fundamental element of assent?
expression of preference for participation
basic understanding by child of what to do
basic understanding of purpose of the research
plans and materials must be reviewed by REB
106
which statement pertains to the basic ethical principle of Respect for Others?
research should be conducted by qualified researchers
fair sharing of burdens and benefits of research
treat individuals as autonomous agents
107
T or F: training programs is the fourth mode and i wanted it to be in here for study purposes
true
false
108
which form of non-random sampling is also called judgmental or selective?
matching
convenience
purposive
quota
109
which research approach uses grounded theory?
qualitative
quantitative
110
truth is relative and subjective and based on perception or some frame of reference
post-positive
critical-social
constructive
111
Program Evaluation Research: what is outcome analysis?
seeks preliminary evidence about program success
yields info about a program's net effects
yields descriptive info about how a program operates
assesses monetary consequences of a program
112
which is NOT true about the confounding variable?
extraneous
controlled
response
compete with independent variable
113
which is the lowest level of measurement?
ordinal
ratio
interval
nominal
114
which rigour in historical research relates more to internal criticism?
validity
reliability
115
give an example of photo-voice
systematic approach to understanding the past
using photography as a tool of social change
bibliographies in form of media such as films or tapes
eyewitness accounts of events
116
which is NOT a goal of PAR?
quantitative methods only
community-based approach
problem solving
empowerment
117
which does NOT pertain to member checks?
used for accuracy of data and interpretation
disagreement does not mean results are not credible
researcher's analysis must agree with insider perspective
difference can be revealing and of interest
118
define credibility
like internal validity, member checks, triangulation, etc.
how well the study "fits" other contexts and settings
how the findings "ring true" and are meaningful to the study
establishes trustworthiness, leaves audit trail
119
regarding statistical analysis: what is descriptive analysis?
observes interval or ratio data
to make inferences/decisions about population parameters
describe or summarize sample and variables
theoretical frequency distribution of all possible values
120
which is NOT a quasi-experimental design?
nonequivalent control group after only
two group after only
nonequivalent control group before-after
one group before-after
121
define Nonexperiental design
lack randomization of control group
data collected at a single point in time
delayed treatment
observation rather than intervention
122
which research approach uses correlational research?
quantitative
qualitative
123
how is the measurement Criterion-Related validity used?
concurrent validity and predictive validity
hypothesis-testing and contrasted-groups
factor analytics
face validity and expert panel
124
what are confidence intervals used for?
making an inference
provides measure of certainty about sample findings
accumulation of evidence from many studies
estimate if a subject has been harmed by exposure of event
125
define anonymity
participant can be easily linked to the data
researcher knows identity but cannot link it to data
no one, not even researcher, can link participant with data
no one but the researcher can link the participant to data
126
true or false: rigour is necessary for transferabiliry and generalizability
true
false
127
define confidentiality
researcher knows identity but participant not linked to data
participant can be easily linked to the data by anyone
no one, not even researcher, can link participant to data
128
what is target population?
set of individuals who meet sampling criteria
portion of target population in which researcher has access
all elements that meet certain criteria for inclusion study
subset of population that is selected for study
129
what is data triangulation?
use of different researchers with divergent backgrounds
use of multiple perspectives during data interpretation
variety of data sources
use more than one discipline to study the topic

CNUR 209 (a very fanshawe cram session) Flashcards | StudBud