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AP Psychology Unit 2 Cognition Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Unit 2 Cognition
AP Psychology Unit 2 Cognition
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1
Scientist best known for the influence on linguistics, specifically, the development of transformational grammar
Noam Chomsky
Elizabeth Loftus
Wolfgang Köhler
Hermann Ebbinghaus
George A. Miller
2
What is retrograde amnesia?
unable to remember some or all past memories
memories are only half way reasonable
Remembering every memory ever
Inability to form new memories
3
Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve told us that:
Memory stays intact through time
Memory fades slowly, then comes back
Memory fades quickly, then more slowly
Memory is simply stored forever
4
Information about specific topics or categories are stored as memories in the
neurons
schemas
nodes
ganglia
5
What is episodic memory?
Memory of specific experienced events
Memory that is used unconsciously
Memory of events that have never taken place
Memory of recollected episodes
6
According to Goleman, Emotional Intelligence Includes:
All of the above
Motivation
Self Awareness
Empathy
7
What is Mood Congruent Memory
Mood patterns based of memory
Recall ability based off ones current good or bad mood
memory of past moods and emotions
Recurring moods based off past memories
8
What action would allow for holding information in the short term memory?
Rehearsing
Attending
Clustering
Associating
Chunking
9
What IQ Score falls 3 standard deviations above the mean?
130
55
115
145
10
Explicit Memory includes
Semantic & Emotional
Procedural & Semantic
Procedural & Emotional
Semantic & Episodic
11
_________ is to effortful processing as ________ is to automatic processing
Explicit memory, implicit memory
Echoic memory, iconic memory
Implicit memory, explicit memory
Iconic memory, echoic memory
12
Which of these skills did Robert Sternberg NOT find essential to a successful intelligence?
Factual skills
Practical skills
Analytic skills
Creative skills
13
Psychologist who pioneered in the development of experimental methods for the measurement of rote learning and memory.
Elizabeth Loftus
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Wolfgang Köhler
George A. Miller
Noam Chomsky
14
The Flynn effect refers to the
gradual improvement in iIQ test scores over the years
predictive ability of intelligence tests
Extrme scores that are more common for males on math tests
Superiority of certain racial groups on IQ test
15
True or False: Amnesia often causes you to forget your implicit memories
False
True
16
Achievement tests are designed to
measure desire/potential capacity to meet challenges
assess ability to produce novel & valuable ideas
compare person's personality with highly successful persons
assess learned knowledge or skills
17
Robert Sternberg is best known for the
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Psycholinguistic Theory
Social cognitive perspective
Defining of G factor- General Intelligence
18
The belief or bias that people can predict random events
availability bias
inductive reasoning
predictable-world bias
confirmation bias
19
The process of remembering visual images
acoustic encoding
semantic encoding
elaborative encoding
visual encoding
20
The conversion of a non-verbal mental representation into a structure suitable for expression.
visual encoding
semantic encoding
acoustic encoding
elaborative encoding
21
Researcher who performed the 1st experiments establishing that syntactic & semantic constraints could guide speech
George A. Miller
Wolfgang Köhler
Noam Chomsky
Elizabeth Loftus
Hermann Ebbinghaus
22
What are primacy effects?
Words recalled worse earlier in list
Words recalled better earlier in list
Words recalled worse later in list
Words recalled better later in list
23
Proactive interference occurs when?
Current learning interferes with past learning
Memories are inaccessible
Past learning interferes with current learning
Past learning is forgotten
24
The serial position effect
Shows recall is best form the start of a list
Shows recall is best form the end of a list
Shows recall is best at the beginning and end of a list
Shows recall is best in the middle of a list
25
What is Interference Theory?
An inaccurate recall when, LTM becomes confused
An inaccurate recall when, SM becomes confused
An inaccurate recall when, STM becomes confused
An accurate recall when, LTM becomes confused
26
Aptitude Tests
Assesses ares of potential
Give a list of possible careers
All of the above
Gives you a list of your strengths & weaknesses
27
Psychologist that influenced the field by contributing to the gestalt theory & being the first to note insight learning
Elizabeth Loftus
George A. Miller
Wolfgang Köhler
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Noam Chomsky
28
What are recency effects?
Words recalled better later in list
Words recalled better earlier in list
Words recalled worse earlier in list
Words recalled worse later in list
29
the stages of memory processes
analyzing, storing, retrieval
retrieving, analyzing
encoding, saving
encoding, storage, retrieval
30
mnemonics
loss of memory
momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
disruptive effect of prior learning on new information
memory aids; like vivid imagery
31
Short-term memory that allows you to process and recall the sensations you take in.
Semantic Memory
Sensory Memory
Declarative Memory
Episodic Memory
32
Which of the following is most likely to use automatic processing?
Baking a cake
Reading school timetable, for first time
Listening to music
Reading a book
33
What is Gardner's view of intelligence?
no one has intellegence
People have many kinds of intellegince
There is only one type of intelligence in a person
A garden has flowers or vegetables
34
Where information about specific topics or categories is stored as memories
networks
neurons
ganglia
nodes
schemas
35
Researcher whose experiments reveal the malleability of memories that can be changed by things that we are told
George A. Miller
Elizabeth Loftus
Noam Chomsky
Wolfgang Köhler
Hermann Ebbinghaus
36
What percentage of IQ scores fall within one standard deviation of 100?
34%
95%
13%
68%
37
Describe clustering in psychology
how information is transferred to our long-term memory
specific way information is organized in long-term memory
how something is gathered
ability to access and retrieve information
38
Implicit memory includes
Procedural & Emotional memory
Episodic & Emotional memory
Procedural & Episodic memory
Emotional & Semantic memory
39
The processing of information into the memory system-for example, by extracting meaning
overgeneralization
Encoding
Syntax
cognition
40
What is retrograde amnesia?
memories are only half way reasonable
Inability to form new memories
Remembering every memory ever
unable to remember some or all past memories
41
Fluid intelligence refers MOST directly to a person's
ability to reason speedily & abstractly
ability to assume the perspective of others
ability to recall facts & concepts
accumulated knowledge
42
Which of the following is an example of a false memory?
Memory of the first assignments in a college class
Child's memory of playing at school
Memory of your first day at a new job
Memory of your 16th birthday party
Grandparent's memory of meeting their first grandchild
43
Laura is 9 but has a mental age of 12. An accurate IQ test would assess her at what intelligence quotient?
125
75
133
90
100
44
Heritabity of intelligence refers to
correlation betwen iq test scores of identical twins
Persons' intelligence is caused by genetics
variation in intelligence can be attributed to genetics
the effect of adoption on the intelligences of the adopted
45
The Stroop effect is
whether you can tell if you are color blind or not.
how well you can tell colors from words.
the amount of interference in the reaction time of task.
the amount of time it takes to solve a puzzle.
46
Howard Gardner has theorized all of the following types of intelligence EXCEPT
interpersonal skills
creativity
intrapersonal skills
language
47
An individual that scored a 95 on the IQ test would be described as which of the following
They will score significantly better if they retake the test
Their IQ was lower 34% of all individuals who took the test.
Their IQ is better than 95% of individuals who took the test.
Their IQ falls within the middle 68% of people who took the test
They are statistically tied with the mean value for the test
48
Type of mnemonic in which new information is made memorable in order to be able to recall it more easily
elaborative encoding
semantic encoding
acoustic encoding
visual encoding
49
The processing and encoding of sound, words, and other auditory input for storage and later retrieval.
visual encoding
acoustic encoding
elaborative encoding
semantic encoding
