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MidTerm Chapters 1-4 Part 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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MidTerm Chapters 1-4 Part 1
MidTerm Chapters 1-4 Part 1
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Mid-term chapters 1-4 part 1
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Answers
1
Which of the following is an example of a folkway?
Following traffic rules
Reporting a crime
Saying “please” and “thank you”
Showing up for a court hearing
2
Which of the following statements is true of symbols?
They distinguish one culture from another.
They are innately meaningful.
They remain consistent over time.
They exist only in religions.
3
While _____ are formally defined, _____ are often more informal.
Taboos; laws
Laws; folkways
Mores; values
Folkways; mores
4
Listen closely
Inductive reasoning
comparative reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Decisive reasoning
5
Blake and his two sisters grew up in a multigenerational household. This means that they
were brought up by parents and step-parents.
lived in the same house in which their ancestors had lived.
will stay in their parent’s house after marriage.
lived with their parents and grandparents.
6
A(n)_____ is a group of people who share a(n)_____.
jurisdiction; culture and society
society; culture and defined territory
population; culture and religion
culture; society and religion
7
Martineau described American women as being socialized to be
subservient and dependent
aggressive and ambitious
faminists
Career-oriented
8
One of the criticisms of feminist theories of culture is that they
overemphasize harmony and unity.
examine multicultural variations across groups.
tend to downplay social class inequality.
don’t offer a framework that explains how people create culture.
9
Karl Marx, like Auguste Comte and Émile Durkheim, tried to explain the societal changes that were taking place during
the French Revolution
the Enlightenment
the Great War
the Industrial Revolution
10
Auguste Comte maintained that the study of society must be
ideological
Personal
spiritual
empirical
11
According to symbolic interaction theories, newborn infants must _____ to develop a sense of self.
form strong social bonds
differentiate themselves from their environment
acquire the fundamentals of language
observe at least one significant other
12
_____ are the standards members of a particular culture define what is good/ bad, moral/immoral, desirable/undesirable
Values
Taboos
Language
Rituals
13
Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?
jewelry
shoes
customs
hairstyles
14
Sociology grad student ask students in introductory sociology classes to participate in their research: this sampling is
probability
convenience
representativeness
generalizability
15
Which of the following scenarios supports the argument that nurture is particularly important in shaping behavior?
Joshua has been diagnosed with skin cancer - none of his sisters have been.
Kim’s sense of smell is high her husband's is not.
father, an alcoholic, advised son to avoid drinking. Son has a healthy life
Evelyn, like all the women in her family, outlived her husband.
16
Which of the following is NOT an example of popular culture?
Symphony concerts
Attending a baseball game
Korean pop (K-pop) music
Breakfast cereal
17
For Marx, _____ is a class system in which conflict between the classes is common and society is anything but cohesive.
socialism
capitalism
communism
fascism
18
One of the criticisms of symbolic interactionist theory is that it
places too much emphasis on societal discord.
overlooks diversity and social change.
downplays social class inequality.
doesn’t address the linkages between culture and subcultures.
19
The term _____ refers to the norms, values, and expectations of society as a whole that affect a person’s behavior.
primary caregiver
generalized other
socialization agent
significant other
20
Which of the following is a purpose of mores?
They tell us what people should and ought to do.
They define and reinforce folkways.
They reward good or appropriate behavior.
They define “must” as opposed to “should” behavior.
21
In a(n) _____, there’s little or no attempt to get a representative cross-section of the population.
independent sample
nonprobability sample
convenience sample
nonjudgemental sample
22
According to your text, theories _____ over time because of _____.
remain the same; the use of the scientific method
are relatively stable; the consistency of society
change in fundamental ways; ideological corruption
evolve; cultural and technological changes
23
Mead’s theory - development of the self & role-taking, which statements are characteristic of the preparatory stage?
Children learn social norms by emulating significant others
Children move beyond imitation and act out imagined roles.
Children engage in behavior that they rarely associate w/ words or symbols.
Children are able to understand different connections between roles.
24
Auguste Comte saw sociology as the scientific study of two aspects of society, namely
history and biography
Social statics and social dynamics
conventional wisdom and facts
ideology and intuition
25
Which statement about the precipitous mood and behavior changes of adolescents is the most accurate?
In the brain- impulse control & planning ahead are the last to mature.
Adolescents have raging hormones - this prohibits impulse control
Adolescents raised properly will not experience any problems w/ moodiness.
The part of the brain responsible for processing info is last to mature.
26
A(n) _____ variable is the outcome measure in a research study.
dependent
variable
control
independent
27
Donna is interested in the relationship b/t age and political affiliation: data is collected only collected once.
Cross-sectional data
dependent data
longitudinal data
causal data
28
Harriet Martineau emphasized the importance of
overthrowing the patriarchy by co-opting its beliefs.
systematic data collection and objective data analysis.
using sociological research to strengthen existing social order
letting religion beliefs shape sociological research
29
Which of the following statements supports the argument that natureshapes behavior?
A pregnant mother’s habits can have a lasting effect on a child’s life.
Abuse and mistreatment can blunt a child’s development.
Human development is innate.
Human development is largely due to environment.
30
Who is most likely to study a sample rather than a population?
Bettye, who is studying first graders at a small, private school
Veda, who is studying new hires at a mid-sized store
Kaycee, who is studying a newly formed sorority at a southern college
Stanford, who is studying homeless men with substance abuse disorders
31
Durkheim maintained that, to be scientific, sociology had to study
theoretical correlates
externalities
social facts
societal determinants
32
Sociology is fundamentally composed of conventional wisdom.
True
False
33
A society’s specific rules of right and wrong behavior are called its
rituals.
zeitgeist
symbols
norms
34
Which of the following is a strength of field research?
it is intrusive
provides data in describing & understanding behavior in the "real world".
it is the least expensive data collection method
it is artificial
35
One of the criticisms of feminist theories of culture is that they
blame mass media for people’s behavior.
examine multicultural variations across groups.
don’t offer a framework that explains how people create culture.
tend to downplay social class inequality.
36
_____ forbid acts that violate social customs, religious or moral beliefs, or laws.
Taboos
Folkways
Crimes
Sanctions
37
Émile Durkheim agreed with Comte that
sociology solidarity can be maintained by a division of labor.
sociology is the scientific study of social dynamics.
societies are characterized by unity and cohesion
Sociology is the scientific study of social statics
38
Words in English reinforce negative images of race, ethnicity, & gender that create inequality and foster ethnocentrism
functionalist theory.
innovation theory.
conflict theory.
symbolic interaction theory.
39
Which of the following is NOT a role that teachers play in the classroom?
Role model
Surrogate
Instructor
Disciplinarian
40
An example of a behavior that is considered taboo in much of U.S. society is
refusing to shake hands.
Frontal Plane
having sexual relations with a sibling.
infrequent showering.
41
According to your text, which of the following are core U.S. values?
Progress, equality, and democracy
Diplomacy, development, and defense
Patience, loyalty, and kindness
Modesty, generosity, and integrity
42
Saami is 4 years old and loves to play “house” where he gets to be the “mommy”. Saami’s behavior is an example of
judgment of others.
role taking.
reinforcement.
impression management.
43
Sociologists help law enforcement identify neighborhoods at risk of increased crime: they use sociological research to
Counteract misinformation
expose myths
explain why people behave irrationally
shape social policies
44
A researcher who wants to _____ would be well advised to use a longitudinal study design.
study differences between men and women
examine trends in attitudes or behavior
minimize the amount of time needed to collect data
focus on correlation rather than causality
45
Which of the following is the most desirable characteristic of a probability sample?
A probability sample guarantees the statistical significance of outcomes.
A probability sample reduces problems associated with a lack of reliability
The results of a probability sample can be generalized: larger population.
A probability sample provides complete coverage of the population.
46
Which of the following is true about our interpretation of others’ perceptions of us?
They do not affect our looking-glass self.
They may be totally wrong.
They are always completely accurate.
They do not affect our behavior.
47
During early childhood, the most important agent of socialization is usually
a celebrity
a religious leader.
a parent.
a peer.
48
Social statics investigates how _____ while social dynamics investigates _____.
how individuals & societies change; interconnections btw institutions.
how indiv & societies change; principles of social order explain society
social order explain particular society, indv & societies change over time
social order explain particular society, interaction between institutions
49
A(n) _____ sample is each person or thing, like an email address, has an equal chance of being selected; its random
nonprobability
controlled
dependent
probability
50
When sociologists offer research results to argue against falsehoods propagated by politicians & special interest groups
explain why people behave irrationally.
expose myths
Counteract misinformation
shape social policies
51
A(n) _____ is a set of statements that explains why a phenomenon occurs.
construct
theory
analysis
variable
52
Folkways are norms that
define what is permissible or illegal
have become irrelevant as the culture developed.
are codified into law.
involve everyday customs, practices, and interaction
53
_____ is an inquiry process that begins; theory, prediction or general principle that is tested through data collection.
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Decisive reasoning
Comparative reasoning
54
Norms are best described as
always written down.
constant across cultures.
instrumental.
always flexible.
55
As children get older, they may have several _____ that shape their self-image, behavior, values, & attitudes.
reference groups
looking-glass selves
I and me roles
ideal selves
56
Which of the following is true about socialization?
It produces people who behave without feelings.
It produces people who are all entirely the same.
It is always successful
It is a powerful force in shaping who we are.
57
Identify an example of material culture
Clothing
Norms
music
customs
58
According to your text, two of the most important roles in adulthood are
work and parenthood.
finding love and finding meaning.
caring for children and caring for elderly parents.
education and work.
59
_____ consists of the physical objects that people make, use and share.
Nonmaterial culture
Material culture
traditional culture
Normative culture
60
Before obtaining a sample, researchers decide whether to use _____ sampling methods.
probability or nonprobability
dependent or independent
constant or variable
reliable or nonreliable
61
_____ maintains that people learn new attitudes, beliefs, & behaviors through interaction with other people.
Cultural indoctrination theories
Structural functionalism theories
Conflict strategies
Social learning theories
62
The scientific method
guarantees that absolute truths will be discovered
is a way to acquire knowledge
is used in social sciences but not physics or other bench sciences.
is one of the more-flawed knowledge systems.