The type of hunting that threatens species survival the most is

especially a problem in less developed nations

Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will

stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050.

A true statement about parasitism is that parasites

may cause their hosts to become more vulnerable to predators

Both (a) and (b), Neither (a) nor (b)

Much of the oil and natural gas in the United States is located in

Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico.

The current rate of species extinction is

the result of natural environmental processes.

Many angiosperms depend on

animals to carry pollen and disperse seeds

Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?

reindeer of the Pribilof Islands after eating of the lichens

Which of the following reproductive situations will limit a population’s biotic potential?

the minimum number of offspring each pair can produce

Succession is possible because

species make environment less suitable for previous ones.

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Environmental Science Final Review

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This is a review of our final exam for the second semester of Environmental science.

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Questions 75

Answers

1
The relationship between acacia trees and the ants that live on them is an example of
predation
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
2
What are wind and water erosion not likely to affect?
Tides
Soil
rocks
mountains
3
Which of the following is not the main use of fuel?
cooking
manufacturing
heating and cooling buildings
transportation
4
Deep currents flow along the
ocean surface
thermocline
ocean floor.
halocline
5
The type of hunting that threatens species survival the most is
legal hunting is done by sports enthusiasts.
sanctioned by industrialized nations.
especially a problem in less developed nations
ignored by global conservation groups.
6
Which factor contributed most to the exponential growth of the human population?
higher birth rates
higher fertility rates
more food, better hygiene
increased immigration
7
Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem?
selection factors
abiotic factors
unnecessary factors
biotic factors
8
Which of the following characteristics is usually shared by bacteria, fungi, and plants?
They have cell nuclei
They have the ability to make their own food.
They are single-celled.
They usually have cell walls
9
In an experiment, the factor of interest is called the
experimental group.
hypothesis.
control group.
Variable
10
Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will
soon stabilize at the level it is today—about 6 billion.
stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050.
increase for short time and then decrease to current levels
begin to decrease until it reaches 5 billion.
11
What mainly distinguishes nekton from benthos?
All of the above
lives in freshwater ecosystem and the other live salt water.
One swims free and the other lives attached to hard surface
One is a predator and the other is a primary producer.
12
A true statement about parasitism is that parasites
immediately kill their hosts.
are always animals and never plants
may cause their hosts to become more vulnerable to predators
do not live on or in their hosts’ bodies.
13
The most energy-efficient vehicles available today are
hybrid cars
cars with gasoline engines
cars that use biomass fuel
fuel cell cars
14
In what part of the world are the greatest number of extinctions occurring?
in deserts
in tropical rain forests
in the Arctic
in Europe and the United States
15
Organisms can adapt
Both (a) and (b)
to other organisms.
Neither (a) nor (b)
to their physical surroundings.
16
In the _____ zone, the water is cool and dark.
benthic
plankton
eutrophic
littoral
17
Which of the following is not an ecosystem?
coral reef
utility pole
oak forest
vacant lot
18
Which country is most likely to have either a stabilized or a slowly growing population?
India
Mexico
Pakistan
Canada
19
Much of the oil and natural gas in the United States is located in
Alaska, Minnesota, New York, and Texas.
Alaska, California, Michigan, and Nevada.
Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Texas, Colorado, New York, and the Gulf of Mexico.
20
Which organism produces most of the food in an aquatic ecosystem?
phytoplankton
phytoplankton
fish
barnacles
21
Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?
Species extinctions have been rare throughout history.
Or both A and C
Species extinctions have been rare throughout history.
Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen.
22
The chance that an earthquake will occur in your town during the next year is an example of
correlation
skepticism.
risk.
distribution.
23
In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases?
Both (a) and (c)
temperature
radiation
pressure
24
Each of the following is an example of a parasite except
a cow in a pasture.
a roundworm in a human’s intestine.
mistletoe on a tree.
a tick on a cat
25
The current rate of species extinction is
the result of natural environmental processes.
of little consequence to Earth’s long-term survival
slower than at any other time in this century
attributable to the actions of humans
26
As they flow down a mountain to flatter ground, rivers generally become
All of the above
slower.
warmer
wider
27
The percentage of energy put into a system that does useful work is
energy conservation
renewable energy
energy efficiency
energy conversion
28
Which of the following situations best describes the use of a renewable resource?
building wooden furniture
burning coal in a power plant
mining copper
filling a car with gasoline
29
What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
rivers and streams
littoral zones and benthic zones
lakes and ponds
marshes and swamps
30
Which of the following is not an environmental function of wetlands?
increasing runoff
absorbing and removing pollutants from water
controlling floods
trapping carbon would otherwise be released into the air
31
process of two species change genetically in response to long-term interactions with each other
selective breeding.
resistance.
coevolution.
artificial selection.
32
Many angiosperms depend on
animals to carry pollen and disperse seeds
other animals in the oceans.
plants for food.
gymnosperms for reproducing.
33
With respect to energy, Earth is a(n)
unstable system
closed system.
stationary system.
open system.
34
What part of Earth encompasses all areas where organisms can obtain the energy they need?
biosphere
lithosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
35
A heat exchanger is used in
active solar heating
passive solar heating
geothermal power plants
wind turbines
36
In which country is the population likely to be increasing most rapidly?
Kenya
Austria
New Zealand
United States of America
37
A focus of environmental science not studied in ecology is the
interaction among living things.
Both A and B
influence of humans on the environment.
use of natural resources.
38
Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?
a bank account that earns interest
reindeer of the Pribilof Islands after eating of the lichens
rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
mold appearing on bread overnight
39
Human population growth was most rapid during which period of human history?
Stone Ages
Ice Ages
Bronze and Iron Ages
Modern Age
40
All of these fields of study contribute to environmental science except
social sciences.
linguistics.
physics and chemistry.
biology and earth sciences.
41
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?
All of the above
oil spills
pesticides
sewage
42
Which of the following is Earth’s densest atmospheric layer?
stratosphere
troposphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
43
Which of the following is a developing nation?
France
the United States
Canada
Ethiopia
44
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
krill
algae
leopard seal
killer whale
45
The distance north or south of the equator, as measured in degrees, is called
magnitude
longitude.
altitude
latitude
46
The 1991 cholera outbreak in Lima, Peru was caused by
widespread malnutrition
rats and other rodents
lack of clean water.
inadequate medical care
47
Before you can make a decision using a decision-making model, what step must you take?
All of the above
Consider which values apply to the issue.
Gather information.
Explore the consequences of each option.
48
Why are mathematical models important?
They are especially useful in situations with many variables
They can be used to create useful digital images.
All of the above
They can be used to create useful digital images.
49
Which of the following reproductive situations will limit a population’s biotic potential?
The number of interactions each individual has
the minimum number of offspring each pair can produce
the size of offspring each individual can produce
the maximum number of offspring each individual can produce
50
Succession is possible because
rapid and chaotic process that is very difficult to control.
existing plants reproduce quickly.
climates change over time.
species make environment less suitable for previous ones.
51
The major human causes of extinction today are
hunting and destroying habitats.
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) or (b)
polluting and introducing non-native species.
52
Which of the following is a disadvantage for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?
can only be done in cold areas
inefficient plants
not enough warm water
not enough cold water
53
An example of a population is
all maple trees in a forest.
all trees in a forest.
all animals in a forest
all plants in a forest
54
Most land animals depend on angiosperms for
food
All of the above
eproduction.
water.
55
Hardins Tragedy of the Commons essay addresses the conflicts associated with what environmental
protecting shared resources
preventing pollution
curbing overpopulation
preventing pollution
56
The energy in fossil fuels is often converted into
power plants
uranium.
electricity.
magnetic fields.
57
Which of the following converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use?
bacteria
protists
fungi
animals
58
The fact that useful man-made substances can cause unforeseen damage is illustrated by
All of the above
the pollution of the Gulf of Mexico from farm chemicals.
the condition of the atmosphere’s protective ozone layer
the detection of Oscillatoria rubescens in Lake Washington.
59
The classification and collection of data that are in the form of numbers is called
statistics.
mean.
probability.
distribution
60
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
All of the above
herbivores
omnivores
decomposers
61
Between 1880 and 1930 human population doubled due to
a combination of high birth rates and low death rates
improvements in societal infrastructure and services
All of the above
the Industrial Revolution.
62
Earth's various organisms appear to be
mostly small vertebrates.
concentrated in certain biomes.
evolving at an unprecedented rate
largely known to scientists.
63
Which of the following is not a strategy that could slow population growth?
limiting education for women
legal punishments
public advertising
economic incentives
64
The number of wild horses per square kilometer in a prairie is the horse populations
birth rate
dispersion
size.
density
65
step in the experimental method are scientists conducting when they photograph birds in flight?
analyzing data
Observing
drawing conclusions
hypothesizing
66
Scientists use statistics to
Graph Data
analyze data
Communicate Ideas
All of the above
67
A model of a dinosaur is an example of a _____ model.
conceptual
physical
mathematical
graphical
68
The relationship between a Canadian lynx and a snowshoe hare is an example of
parasite and host.
competition.
predator and prey.
mutualism.
69
Which areas of the United States represent ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity?
coastal California
Hawaiian Islands
All of the above
Florida Everglades
70
Which of the following includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface?
geosphere
hydrosphere
Lithosphere
atmosphere
71
What is the estimated temperature of Earth’s inner core?
3,000°C to 4,000°C
300°C to 400°C
4,000°C to 5,000°C
400°C to 500°C
72
the following is not a mechanism of energy transfer through or within Earth’s atmosphere?
conduction
radiation
radiation
convection
73
is a biodegradable material that becomes a pollutant if allowed to accumulate more rapidly than
Plastic
Metal from junk cars
Mercury
Newspaper
74
Using economic considerations of resource use, the law of supply and demand describes
the worth of resources
the availability of abundant resources.
the worth of nonrenewable resources.
reduced demand resulting from a lack of available resources.
75
Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are
fungi.
bacteria
All of the above
protists

Environmental Science Final Review Flashcards | StudBud