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AP Psychology Exam Review Reynolds
AP Psychology Exam Review Reynolds
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
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1
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
2
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
salivation
light
food/meat powder
3
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
been dreaming
a headache
4
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
5
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
6
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
7
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
medulla
8
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
displacement
compensation
fixation
9
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
10
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a phobia
a delusion
a compulsion
an obsession
11
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
12
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
sadness
surprise
happiness
13
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
14
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
15
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
crystallized
procedural
16
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
17
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a heuristic observation
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
18
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
teratogens
opiates
prenatals
19
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
20
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
anxiety
schizophrenic
mood
personality
21
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
22
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
the brain
the unconscious
behavior
23
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
strange situation
shared inhibition
24
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
intermediate-term
sensory
short-term
25
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the experimental group
the observational group
the correlational group
26
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
encoded
modeled
27
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
28
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
29
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
iris
lens
vitreous humor
30
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
behavioral quality
attachment
temperament
31
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
32
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
fugue
panic disorder
33
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
34
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
psychological stability
physiological stability
physiological instability
35
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
36
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an external attribution
a distinctive attribution
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
37
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender roles
38
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
39
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
pineal gland
thalamus
parietal lobe
40
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
41
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
42
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the endocrine system
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
43
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
cognitive dissonance
conformity
groupthink
44
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
phonemes
morphemes
syntax
linguistic heuristics
45
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
thalamus
spinal cord
location of injury
46
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
closure
similiarity
constancy
47
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
prejudices
stereotypes
attributions
self-serving bias
48
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
insight learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
49
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father wash his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
classical conditioning
50
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
functionalism
collectivism
individualism
51
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
group polarization
deindividuation
conformity
52
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
avoidance
53
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
54
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
55
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
temporal lobe
oval window
stirrup
56
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an achievement test
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
57
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
58
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
limbic system
endocrine system
59
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
60
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
61
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
62
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
63
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
64
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
65
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
social charm
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
66
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cognitive structuring
schematizing
cultural direction
67
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
68
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
69
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
behavioral
70
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
71
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
72
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 3
stage 1
REM
73
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
agonists
antagonists
action potentials
74
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
75
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
endorphin
76
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
William James
77
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
78
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
observational learning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
79
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
80
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
81
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
82
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
83
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
representativeness
accuracy of inference
predictability
84
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
low in openness
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
85
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
86
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
relearning
recognition
reiteration
87
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
reversibility
centration
egocentrism
88
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
mentalism
cognition
89
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
script
semantic network
schema
90
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
physical interaction
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
91
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
standard deviation
percentiles
correlation coefficients
92
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
93
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
94
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
95
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
hallucinations
obsessions
delusions
96
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
97
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
