Duplicate of AP Statistics Vocabulary

The set of all possible outcomes of a chance process.

When a distribution is even across the full range of values of the variable.

When neither the researchers nor the subjects know which treatments were assigned to groups.

The most common number.

The probability that an event will occur given that another event has already occurred.

A Normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation of 1.

The proportion of a chance process will approach a single value as you do more trials.

A model that describes the overall pattern of a distribution.

The number of individuals of a sample found in each category in response to a survey.

Minumum, Q1, Median, Q3, and Maximum values of a data set.

A graph that shows bars that have ranges for counts of a continuous variable.

When only either the researchers or the subjects know which treatments were assigned to groups.

A number that describes some characteristic of a population.

Explains the linear relationship between two quantitative variables, from -1 to 1.

When the right and left sides of a distribution are mirror images of each other.

The number of individuals that would be found in each category if the Null hypothesis is true.

A variable that takes on an infinite number of values.

A non-symmetric distribution that has a distinct tail.

A sampling distribution of at least 30 will be approx normal even if the population is not.

When randomly selected individuals in a sample do not provide accurate information.

__% of all such samples would produce a range of values that would capture the true value.

A variable of description rather than value.

When the effects of two different variables on a response variable cannot be told apart.

The distribution of many samples.

The proportion of observations that are lower than a particular observation.

An event that rarely would have happened just by chance.

Occurs when we reject the Null hypothesis when it was actually true.

The entire group of individuals which we are interested in knowing something about.

The distribution of a random variable of continuing trials until a certain number of successes.

The distribution of just one sample.

The standard deviation of a significance test or confidence interval.

Decisions based through a process of chance.

The probability that the statistic would have taken on a value given the Null hypothesis true.

When randomly selected individuals cannot be contacted or refuse to participate.

A sample by putting individuals into population-like groups and randomly choosing one group.

The amount of counts of a variable out of all counts, often expressed as a percent.

The response value a Least Squares Regression Line would expect for a given explanatory value.

The difference between an observed value and its predicted/expected value.

The variable that may predict the changes in another variable.

A graph of the five-number summary.

A number from a sample used to estimate some characteristic of a population.

An outcome of a chance process is more likely to occur if it has not occurred for a long time.

A variable that takes on a finite number of values (usually no decimals).

The claim that we actually believe to be true that we are trying to find evidence for.

The # of standard deviations an observation falls from the center of a Normal distribution.

The occurrence of two events at the same time.

When it is not possible for two event to occur simultaneously.

The total value to be added/subtracted from the test statistic to find the interval max/min.

A group of experimental units that are similar and so are treated as one experimental unit.

The typical or common distance observations are away from the mean.

A sample where each individual was randomly chosen and randomly assigned to a treatment.

A diagram used to display the sample space of a chance process involving a sequence of outcomes

In experiments, when all variables except for the explanatory variable must be kept the same.

When knowing the value of one variable helps to predict the value of another.

The sum of the values of the observations divided by the number of observations.

A sample selected by taking individuals that select themselves.

Occurs when we fail to reject the Null hypothesis when it was actually false.

A smaller group of individuals whose information is used to infer about a larger group.

Explains how well the regression line fits the data, from 0 (weak) to 1 (strong).

Individuals are monitored for measures of variables of interest but not influenced in response.

A sample where each individual was randomly chosen from the population.

The individual terms that are added together to form the test statistic for categorical data.

The maximum minus the minimum.

A graph of quantitative data with two clear peaks.

A fixed value used as a cutoff on what probability is or is not statistically significant.

A common form of blocking in comparing two different treatments, often on the same sample.

The middle number (resistant to outliers).

When a group of the population does not get accurate representation in a sample.

The range from Q1 to Q3.

The science of data.

The probability that an event does NOT happen.

An individual that falls well outside the pattern of data.

A range of plausible values for a parameter, based on a statistic.

A number between 0 and 1 that describes the proportion of an outcome in a chance process.

A sample obtained by putting individuals into like-groups and randomly choosing some from each.

A procedure using a sample statistic to make a decision about the validity of a claim.

A sample selected by taking individuals that were easy to reach.

The (inaccurate) use of a regression line to estimate outside the range of the given data.

The distribution of a random variable with the number of trials set in advance.

A family of distributions like the Normal curve expect with more variability in the samples.

An imitation of a chance behavior that uses a model that accurately represents the situation.

The four evenly sized sections of a set of ordered data.

A graph that shows the relationship between two quantitative variables using dots.

An accurate statistic used to approximate the parameter of a population.

The probability that a test will reject the Null when the Alternative is true.

A class of density curves that are symmetric, single-peaked, and bell-shaped.

An inactive (fake) treatment for which some subjects may actually respond.

The fraction of the variation that can be explained by the least-squares regression line (r²).

The distribution of total values for categorical variables on a one-way or two-way table.

A family of distributions that always take on positive values and are skewed right.

The number of standard deviations to be added/subtracted from the test statistic (z* or t*)

A variable of value rather than description.

When the design of a study would consistently give an over or underestimate of the true value.

A study that attempts to survey every individual of the population.

A study where researchers deliberately impose treatment on the individuals.

Making conclusions about a larger population based on sample data.

The occurrence of one event or the other, or both.

The smallest collection of individuals to which a treatment is to be applied.

The exact counts of a variable.

The claim that we do not believe to be true that we are trying to find evidence against.