Britain: Health and the people - themes quiz

Since the introduction of the NHS in 1948, life expectancy for women has risen from 66 to 83, and for men from 64 to 79.

The printing press was invented in 1451.

Joseph Bazalgette completed the London sewer system in 1866.

Louis Pasteur published his Germ Theory in 1861.

Archibald McIndoe pioneered new methods to improve plastic surgery during the Second World War.

Medieval doctors prescribed prayer to treat illness. Charms and astrology were often used to diagnose conditions.

In the 1930s Florey and Chain devised a way of mass-producing penicilin, leading to the modern pharmaceutical industry.

The Liberal social reforms were launched in 1906 following the Boer War and reports by Booth and Rowntree.

In the late 19th century Robert Koch was able to link particular illnesses to specific germs by staining them.

Ambroise Pare promoted ligatures and devised a method which helped patients recover from wounds with less pain.

Galen promoted Hippocrates' theory of the four humours in ancient times.

Monks and nuns cared for poor people in monasteries and nunneries during the medieval period.

In 1854 John Snow proved the link between cholera and filthy water.

Edward Jenner published his work on the smallpox vaccination in 1798.

During the Great Plague of 1665, the Plague Orders were issued and Bills of Mortality published.

William Harvey published his theory on the heart and blood circulation in 1628.

The voyages of discovery in the 16th and 17th centuries made natural medicines such as lemons and limes available.

The Black Death killed approximately half of the population in the 14th century as no one knew what caused it.

The X-ray was used to examine wounded soldiers during the First World War.

John Hunter made discoveries about the nature of disease, infections and cancer, and trained hundreds of other surgeons.

People believed in miasma theory - that disease was caused by bad air - for centuries.

Edwin Chadwick produced his report on public health in 1842.

Joseph Lister published his work on the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic during surgery in 1867.

Alexander Fleming discovered that staphyloccocus was killed by the penicilin mould in 1928.

The Labour government of 1945 implemented Beveridge's report and set up the welfare state.

Public information campaigns during the Second World War promoted keeping 'fighting fit' and growing vegetables.

The most common surgical procedure during the medieval period was bloodletting.

Florence Nightingale revolutionised nursing and hospitals in the 19th century.

Islam encouraged medical learning and taught that cures for illness should be sought.

James Simpson discovered that chloroform was an effective anaesthetic in 1847.