Why does nationalization increase funding?

issues are still relevant to those outside of district so they still donate

What is the theory of the “invisible primary”? Is it still relevant today?

work of party leaders and power brokers bts shaping the nomination. yes

What constrains what candidates can say about issues?

key voting blocs, their party, donors, interest groups.

What type of benefits do interest group members seek?

Selective or collective benefits

unregulated and unlimited donations for parties from 501c organizations

What are the basic processes for voting?

Most states require registration at least 30 days before the election.

Does money impact election outcomes?

not really bc donors donate to people they already agree with.

What sort of activity do interest groups engage in during the campaign?

Scorecards and voter guides, Candidate Recruitment and Preparation, Mobilization, Endorsements

What is convenience voting?

Alternative ways to vote other than on election day.

What roles does each group serve in the campaign?

politicians - endorsements, shapes the campaign reality., Members - recruitment donations, canvas,

What is negative campaigning?

launching attack ads on your opponent

What differentiates them?

Time period and increasing campaign complexity (fundraising, rallies)

What is the median voter theorem?

Taking the most median stance and you will win the election

What sort of activity do interest groups engage in during the campaign?

Other, non-monetary contributions too, Independent Expenditures, Ballot Initiatives, Contributions

What does media coverage of campaigns typically look like? What types of races get covered?.

media want personality novelty conflict skeptics strat; president election

Why do we have these requirements?

we want Competency (Age) & Loyalty in candidates

What are the consequences of negative campaigning?

Increase distrust, Drives voter interest, May demobilize the electorate

what is a sociotropic voter

Vote based on economy as a whole

what caused the shifts into new eras?

influential actors, expansion of voting pool, technological advancements.

Citizens united v. FEC (2010)

strikes down the key components of the BCRA bc of 1st amendement

Why do we have PACs? what other type of organizations exist?

Company or union cant directly donate; 501c

What are the eras of campaigns?

Pre-Democratic, Mass Mobilization, Progressive Era, Candidate, Contemporary

What are the constraints on parties?

Campaign finance rules and regulations Reality of key issues.

What caused the number of interest groups to grow?

Improved capabilities of fundraising, FECA, Social Movements and mobilization, Campaign Finance Law (results in PACs)

What is earned/free media?

Designed to generate free media coverage.

What should insurgent candidates do during their campaign?

Avoid talking about the economy

What are the basic rules for voting?

Be registered, a citizen, and at least 18 years old.

Why do we have parties?

Groups of people with similar interests and goals will conglomerate

what does a prospective voter base their vote on?

voters focus on how will candidate shape future economic conditions

What laws & supreme court cases have shaped our campaign finance system?

FECA,Buckley v. Valeo,BCRA,Mcconnel v. FEC, Citizens united

In what ways have voting rights been expanded?

Allowing black men to vote (A15), 18 year olds (A26) and women (A19)

What does the principle of “one person, one vote” mean?

Mandates redistricting to take place and districts to be equal in size

what are Selective benefits

only towards the members of the groups.

( BCRA) Bipartisanship Campaign reform act

foreign corporations can't engage in political spending,, parties cant spend or raise soft money

How have Super PACs changed our political system?

no contributions limits as long as they dont coordinate or directly donate

What are the types of media?

Social media, television, radio, literature

speechnow.org v. FEC (2010)

ruled it unconstitutional 2 limit contributions to independent expenditures

What caused the number of interest groups to grow?

Citizens United and Speechnow.org, Government expansion

What does it mean when a campaign is “nationalized”?

running on federal level issues to increase campaign donations

what is a pocketbook voter?

Voters who vote based on their own financial well being.

what is FECA (FEderal election campaign act of 1971 )

made donor disclosures,limits campaign contributions,created public funding

what are u making plans about

what to do if u are incumbent/challenger, insurgent/clarifying, ect.

studbud

American Election Campaign Midterm

84 termsStudBud Administration6 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards84 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 84

Answers

1
Why does nationalization increase funding?
It doesn't
because less people can relate with the issue.
People admire the boldness of only discussing other countries
issues are still relevant to those outside of district so they still donate
2
What is the theory of the “invisible primary”? Is it still relevant today?
When there isnt enough advertising for the primary and no one comes
work of party leaders and power brokers bts shaping the nomination. yes
When a candidate joins the ideologically opposing party
Work of their own party members voting on the nomination, yes.
3
What constrains what candidates can say about issues?
Drives voter interest.
Taking the most median stance and you will win the election.
Early voting, election day, voting by mail
key voting blocs, their party, donors, interest groups.
4
What type of benefits do interest group members seek?
there are no benefits.
Mental or medical rewards/relief
Selective or collective benefits
religious freedom and material reward
5
Define soft money
legal way of donating to a political party of your choice
soft money refers to card instead of cash
unregulated and unlimited donations for parties from 501c organizations
regulated and limited donations for parties from 501c organizations
6
What are the basic processes for voting?
Most states require registration at least 30 days before the election.
Deciding to vote, doing research, voting.
A fee
if you have competency and loyalty
7
Does money impact election outcomes?
not really bc donors donate to people they already agree with.
Yes bc donors donate to people they already agree with
No because using money to sway politicans is illegal and doesnt work
Yes bc donors use the money to sway the opinions of the other side
8
What sort of activity do interest groups engage in during the campaign?
Scorecards and voter guides
Candidate Recruitment and Preparation
Mobilization
Endorsements
9
Most money raised comes from places outside of the candidates district
True
False
10
What is convenience voting?
Alternative ways to vote other than on election day.
When you only vote if it is convenient for you
When you order someone to come to your door to explain the options to you.
When you vote in whatever month you want during an election year.
11
What roles does each group serve in the campaign?
politicians - endorsements, shapes the campaign reality.
Members - endorsements, shape the campaign reality
politicians - recruitment donations, canvas
Members - recruitment donations, canvas,
12
What is negative campaigning?
launching attack ads on your opponent
Resources/staffing
Opportunity
Motivation
13
What differentiates them?
Mail in Ballots are only in contemporary era
voter turnout decreased as time went on.
level of competitiveness
Time period and increasing campaign complexity (fundraising, rallies)
14
What is the median voter theorem?
Perceived standing in the race.
Incumbency vs. Challenger status.
Gender
Taking the most median stance and you will win the election
15
What sort of activity do interest groups engage in during the campaign?
Other, non-monetary contributions too
Independent Expenditures
Ballot Initiatives
Contributions
16
if a voter is the same party at the incumbent, they're more likely to say the economy is doing well and vice versa
True
False
17
Purposive benefits
political power and influence
materialism
wealth
Psycho-Sociological Benefit
18
What does media coverage of campaigns typically look like? What types of races get covered?.
Media likes, apathetic, traditional, peaceful, trustworthiness, sled race
Media wants candidates to be mature and unconfrontational, foot-race
media wants negative, harsh debates and slander ad campaigns; horse race
media want personality novelty conflict skeptics strat; president election
19
Why do we have these requirements?
We want patience & trust in candidates
we want experience and palpability in candidates
We want Compassion and virtue in candidates
we want Competency (Age) & Loyalty in candidates
20
Professional Associations (ex. car dealerships) can be an interest group
True
False
21
Ideological and Social organizations can be an interest group (ex. NRA)
False
True
22
What are the consequences of negative campaigning?
Groups to target: your base
swing voters - may vote for me.
Increase distrust, Drives voter interest, May demobilize the electorate
opponent’s base - will not vote for me,
23
what is a sociotropic voter
Voters who vote based on their own financial well being
Vote based on economy as a whole
Voting along the ideology that u grew up with
voter based on immigration status
24
what caused the shifts into new eras?
influential actors, expansion of voting pool, technological advancements.
Time travel
Different public demands
Lack of voter participation
25
Citizens united v. FEC (2010)
upholds key components of BCRA bc of the 1st amendment
allowed political slander within 30 days of election
strikes down the key components of the BCRA bc of 1st amendement
ends the function of the 1st amendment
26
Why do we have PACs? what other type of organizations exist?
only organizations and corporations should be allowed to donate
Direct donation to a candidate from a company, union, or 501c org.
Company or union cant directly donate; 501c
only organizations and corporation should be allowed to vote
27
What are the eras of campaigns?
Feudalism, post-colonialism, communism, & capitalism
Obama, Trump, Biden
Stone age, bronze age, golden age
Pre-Democratic, Mass Mobilization, Progressive Era, Candidate, Contemporary
28
What are the constraints on parties?
journalists choose the issues that the public cares about
Journalists make popular public issues unpopular.
Racism, sexism, and other forms of bigotry.
Campaign finance rules and regulations Reality of key issues.
29
What caused the number of interest groups to grow?
Improved capabilities of fundraising
FECA
Social Movements and mobilization
Campaign Finance Law (results in PACs)
30
overall media is biased towards the republicans
True
False
31
What is earned/free media?
Candidates recording a fake heroic act to boost popularity
Designed to give a candidate less screen-time
Designed to generate free media coverage.
compilation of all the candidate's failures on tv
32
What should insurgent candidates do during their campaign?
bring up how well the economy is doing bc of the opposing candidate
Avoid talking about the economy
bring up how the economy is doing badly and how its ur fault
bring up how they made the economy do well
33
What are the basic rules for voting?
Be under 18, be educated, be married
Be educated at a university & own property
Be registered, a citizen, and at least 18 years old.
Pass a literacy test and pay a fee.
34
Why do we have parties?
Just do the opposite of whatever George Washington says
Groups of people with opposing interests and goals will conglomerate
Groups of people with similar interests and goals will not conglomerate
Groups of people with similar interests and goals will conglomerate
35
what does a prospective voter base their vote on?
voters focus on how will candidate shape future economic conditions
voting based off of personality conflict engagement,
voting based on vibes
Voting on whoever is able to raise the most money for their campaign.
36
Insurgent candidate almost always wins
False
True
37
Who makes up the parties?
non-party members and non-politicians
none of the above
just the president and their vice president
party members, politicians.
38
What laws & supreme court cases have shaped our campaign finance system?
Roe v. wade, USA, FDA, RNA
Mcdonald v. Chicago, AARP, NRA
Passing of the 4th & 14th amendment, Miranda v. Arizona
FECA,Buckley v. Valeo,BCRA,Mcconnel v. FEC, Citizens united
39
In what ways have voting rights been expanded?
Allowing retired veterans the right to vote.
Allowing black men to vote (A15), 18 year olds (A26) and women (A19)
Allowing gay and trans people the right to vote
Allowing disabled people to vote
40
What does the principle of “one person, one vote” mean?
They wanted to put an end to ballot box intimidation.
That you cant vote multiple times
to each according to his ability to each according to his need.
Mandates redistricting to take place and districts to be equal in size
41
what are Selective benefits
fixing an issue that only effects one person.
only towards a certain rank in the groups
only towards the members of the groups.
collective benefits
42
( BCRA) Bipartisanship Campaign reform act
parties can spend and raise soft money
Allowed foreign corporations to engage in political spending
foreign corporations can't engage in political spending,
parties cant spend or raise soft money
43
How have Super PACs changed our political system?
contributions are limited unless there is campaign coordination.
Contributions are unlimited as long as they dont donate at all.
no contributions limits as long as they dont coordinate or directly donate
contributions such as polling, canvassing, & volunteering is now illegal
44
What are the types of media?
Mobilization, Progressive, contemporary campaigns
Agenda setting, priming, informing
Social media, television, radio, literature
Persuassion, public interest in certain issues, and pre-democratic era
45
speechnow.org v. FEC (2010)
allowed same day registration federally.
got rid of the draft
ruled it constitutional to limit contributions to independent expenditures
ruled it unconstitutional 2 limit contributions to independent expenditures
46
What caused the number of interest groups to grow?
Citizens United and Speechnow.org
Decrease in government involvement
Government expansion
Waning faith in ethics of the government
47
In what ways have they been restricted?
Proof of wealth before registration.
Stopped letting any immigrants vote
Stopped letting illegal immigrants vote
Literacy tests and poll tax
48
What does it mean when a campaign is “nationalized”?
running on federal level issues to increase campaign donations
running on local issues to max on local donations
running on local issues to minimize local donations
running on issues relevant to a different country in order to confuse opp
49
what is a pocketbook voter?
votes based on economy, less personal, closely follows data/news
Only votes for presidential elections
Voters who vote based on their own financial well being.
Only votes along party lines
50
what is FECA (FEderal election campaign act of 1971 )
ended donor disclosures, created unlimited campaign contributions,
ended public funding for campaigns
made voting by mail illegal
made donor disclosures,limits campaign contributions,created public funding
51
what are u making plans about
Early elections were not competitive.
Andrew Jackson,
what to do if u are incumbent/challenger, insurgent/clarifying, ect.
Mandating that redistricting takes place & districts will be equal in size
52
What influences whether a politician runs or not?
mobilized voters instead of legislators,
Progressives ended federal workers being involved in campaigns
Motivation, opportunity (if party will do well), resources/staffing
the 15th amendment expanded the voter pool.
53
What is the McGovern-Fraser Commission of 1972?
Made it legal to microtarget voters under the patriot act
Banned soft-money in politics
Banned hard money in politics
The Commission mandated convention delegates r chosen in accessible manner.
54
In politics, when someone says "The Media" they mean the news
False
True
55
Convenience voting impacts election outcomes.
True
False
56
2 rulings that paved the way for super PACs
Marbury v. Madison, Dredscott v. Sandford
Ogberfell v. Hodges and loving v. Virginia
Miranda v. Arizona and Roe v. Wade
Citizens united v. FEC (2010), speechnow.org v. FEC (2010)
57
How do candidates decide which issues to focus on?
Poll Tax
base and swing vote turnout maximization, important issues to public
Focus turns from local precincts to media markets
Debates are fought on television.
58
Corporations and businesses can be an interest group
True
False
59
What are the different types of convenience voting?
Primary, general, special
Early voting, Absentee voting, Vote-by-mail
Paying people to vote as an incentive
Voting last minute, getting someone else to vote for you.
60
Who are the groups of voters campaigns could potentially target and how do they discover this?
Uses databases and polling for predictions for pursuadable focus groups
Republicans
Democrats
others
61
What is an insurgent candidate?
not being incumbent when the economy is doing poorly
being the incumbent candidate while the economy is doing poorly
being the incumbent candidate while economy is bad
62
What are the basic rules for donors and interest groups
donations must be direct, no limit, diclosing donors is illegal
limit of $3k, donors must be disclosed
donations are not allowed at all in campaigning
only constituents are allowed to donate money
63
what should the clarifying candidate do while campaigning?
emphasize ur role in making good economic conditions or blame incumbent
bring up issues unrelated to the economy
NEVER bring up the economy
talk about issues like immigration to distract from bad economy
64
Why has campaign spending increased overtime?
polarization ^ competitiveness, expenses of TV ads, Citizens United
more ppl have become involved in politics
the population of usa increased
it hasnt
65
How do states differ in their basic voting rules?
Some states have an age cap for voters.
The voting age varies depending on the state.
Some states still have literacy tests and poll tax
ID requirements and permission of felons to vote
66
What is a retrospective voter?
voter evaluates how incumbent party has performed on LGBTQ rights
the voters most likely to be swayed in opinion by watching debates
voters evaluate how incumbent party has performed on the economy
voter evaluates how the incumbent party performed on the border
67
What are the four key principles to ensure democratic norms in elections?
1960s districts were unequal in size and not properly redistricted.
Competency & loyalty
minimum age requirements, location requirements, citizenship requirements.
Free choice, Political equity, deliberation, free speech
68
What is an interest group?
people/orgs with opposing concerns that try to ruin each other's policy
people/organizations with shared concerns that attempt to influence policy
people/organizations with shared concerns that dont do anything about it
People/orgs that want to influence the media by paying off journalists
69
What influences a candidate’s decision to “go negative”?
Perceived standing in the race. Incumbency/Challenger status Gender
Donate and raise money
Polling and focus groups
Vote-by-mail
70
What are the potential effects of media consumption?are they powerful
Entertainment, attention, determination, motivation; yes.
Persuasion,Agenda setting,Priming,Informing; sometimes
demotivation, unencouragement; yes.
education, influence, treason, no.
71
How are they similar?
Commonly has a girl republican and a boy democrat race for president.
the entire population has always been allowed to vote.
You still have to own property to vote.
Commonly personality over policy, commonly has 2 political parties.
72
What is “horse race coverage”?
framing an election based on who is winning/losing
framing an election based on the debate
Framing the election based on personality and confrontations
framing an election based on interviews of the public
73
Define hard money
Money that is donated through corporations only
Money donated to a candidate or committee directly & is subject to caps.
Cash instead of credit
unlimited Money that is donated indirectly to a candidate or committee
74
How does partisanship shape economic views
My party is not incumbent, the economy must be doing well.
because of family <3
my party is incumbent, the economy must not be doing well.
my party is not incumbent; economy must not be doing well.
75
what is the reality of a campaign?
elecion context party performance candidate background interests of public
Almost everyone above the age of 18 can vote.
Free ChoicePolitical EqualityDeliberationFree Speech
Pre-Democratic Campaigns•Mass Mobilization Campaigns•Progressive Era
76
Mccconnel challenged BCRA in Mcconnel v. FEC 2003 and won
True
False
77
How does our system shape campaign behavior and decision making?
Candidates want to raise as much as possible to spend as much as they can
Spending limits make candidates abandon fundraising altogether
unlimited spending makes campaigns makes campaigns want to save it all
Spending limits make candidates want to reach their maximum quickly
78
What are the basic requirements for holding elected office?
Mandates that redistricting takes place and districts will be equal in size
theres Minimum age, citizenship, and residency restrictions as requirements
Free choice, Political equity, deliberation, free speech
Buckley v. Valeo
79
Why is “the economy” important to campaigns and elections?
u need money
polls say it is the most important issue to the public,insurgent/clarifying
because of the expansion of the primaries
because of the history of the progressive era campaigns
80
What types of people consume different types of media?
Younger people - social media and older ppl - news from TV
Younger People TV & Radio; Older people newspapers and word of mouth.
Younger people - Newspaper; Older people - social media
There is no distinction between the groups of ppl consuming media
81
How do they decide their position on these issues
Deeply polarized and sorted electorate
Time period, technology shifting the landscape,
party affiliation and popularity of the opinion
states have either primaries/caucus that voters can decide the nominee.
82
What are the competing theories about voters and the economy?
Selective/collective benefits
Psycho-Sociological Benefit
Candidates and interest groups.
Pocketbook voter/ sociotropic voter/Prospective voter/retrospective voter
83
Buckley v. Valeo
Passed the 5th amendment
no spending limits bc of 1stA, appearance of corruption=donation limtis
spending limits lifted because of lobbying from AARP
spending limits bc of 1stA, appearance of corruption=unlimited donations
84
What is a clarifying candidate?
When economic conditions are good and the party is the incumbent
when the economic conditions are good and the party is not incumbent
when the economic conditions are bad and the party is incumbent

American Election Campaign Midterm Flashcards | StudBud