Chapter 9

Rehabilitation is based on a medical model.

Psychiatry and its concepts of mental health are means of achieving compensation in conjunction with the legal system.

Which type of control begins with the socialization process in which we internalize rules of proper conduct?

Proponents of capital punishment argue that equity in sentencing should be achieved by imposing more death sentences.

A criminal activity study of 39 convicted murderers found in total, they had _____ arrests for serious violent crimes.

Psychiatry and its concepts of mental health are means of achieving ________ in conjunction with the legal system.

Which philosophy of punishment means to restore or return to constructive or healthy activity?

In Bordenkircher v. Hayes, the court upheld imposing life sentences on defendants who refuse to plea bargain.

Which of the following is NOT an argument in favor of the death penalty?

Personal/environmental factors influence the _________ of crimes, but the law makes it a product of free choice.

The solution to biased sentencing is _______, which is neither abolition nor retention of capital punishment.

Which case ruled that it is permissible to double property taxes in order to build “magnet schools”?

A more welcome method of destroying the appeal of threatening political third parties is to:

Support for the death penalty goes up and down with crime rates.

The point of Plato’s allegory about the ring of Gyges is that:

Gitlow v. New York asserted the First Amendment right to freedom of speech and bound the states to it.

The first step to the bifurcated death penalty hearing process is to:

Direct control is accomplished by the person’s own conscience.

Which act made it illegal for anyone to publicly express opposition to the war or to criticize the president /Congress?

Very few challenges to the death penalty arose until the ACLU waged a joint attack on it beginning in the early:

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court allow the imposition of the death penalty on juveniles?

What type of control is exemplified by the effect of a police officer on those who are aware of the officer's presence?

Gregg v. Georgia upheld the constitutionality of the bifurcated hearing in death penalty cases.

The therapeutic style of social control shares with the conciliatory style the characteristic of being:

An authoritarian type of government maintains distinction between public and private lives by political participation.

When people violate acceptable behavior, they feel guilty in _______ to the disapproval attached to the violation.

Which of Black's (1976) styles of social control blames individuals for their actions and punishes them accordingly?

A government's need to control extremes of ______________ is even more important than its need to control crime.

Which style of social control invests criminals with a capacity for calculation exceeding that of most individuals?

Deterrence is defined as the prevention of criminal acts by the use or threat of punishment.

Which philosophy of punishment refers to the inability of incarcerated criminals to victimize people outside prison?

Which philosophy of punishment looks to make punishment more certain, swift, and severe?

Complex and ______ societies need predictability to function properly and may need alternative methods to get it.

Which model demands that punishment match the degree of harm inflicted on victims?

The medical model used to view criminal behavior as a physical disease requiring treatment.

What refers to the effect of the imposed punishment on the future behavior of the person who is punished?

The FBI burglarized the offices of the Socialist Workers Party no less than ______ times from 1960 to 1966.

In Baze and Bowling v. Rees, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that lethal injection did not violate the Eighth Amendment.

Death penalty abolitionists argue that executions may "cause" a slight rise in the homicide rate.

The commonality that all the philosophies of punishment share is:

Most people in the United States feel that the use of power to enforce rules is ______.

Which is used to view criminality in terms of criminals in need of "programming" rather than "treatment"?

People argue that "_______" should stop the United States from being with countries with high rates of executions.

The former Soviet Union made widespread use of psychiatric labeling for locking up dissidents in mental hospitals.

Social control is maintained exclusively and most powerfully by the law.

________ rates are determined by dividing the number of people incarcerated per 100,000 people.

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court move in the direction of placing limits on death penalty appeals?

The Espionage Act of 1917 allowed the post office to confiscate any "seditious material".

A philosophy of morality involves justifying the imposition of a painful burden on unwilling subjects.

Since the goal of psychiatry is to cure, not punish, it is the quintessential example of ______________ social control.

Donald Black’s (1976) position on the relationship between formal and informal social control is that:

Indirect control is persuasive and voluntary.

Plea bargaining is defined as pleading guilty in exchange for a lighter sentence.

The term general deterrence refers to the preventative effect of punishment on the person being punished.

The _______ effect is said to have its influence on "fringe" killers who see it as a contradictory message.

The primary function of the law is to establish _________ through a system of codified rules and regulations.

James Q. Wilson remarked that: "Wicked people exist. Nothing avails except to set them apart from innocent people."

People who behave well regardless of the presence of an officer are controlled indirectly.

Black's compensatory style of social control results in an accused debtor and an alleged victim.

Legal opposition to the death penalty has revolved around the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.

What is the difference between the circumstances of punishment and the offender's usual life?

A court order compelling a public official to do their duty is known as a writ of mandamus.

In Kansas v. Hendricks the U.S. Supreme Court moved in the direction of placing limits on death penalty appeals.

Proponents of capital punishment often cite its supposed ________ effect.

A more welcome method of destroying the appeal of threatening political third parties is to:

What ultimate form of social control remains highly popular with the American public today?

The penal style of social control shares with the compensatory style the characteristic of being:

Which style of social control involves a breach in a relationship between two people who are now disputants?

Retribution is the most honestly stated justification for punishment.

Which type of government doesn't permit political neutrality, blurring the distinction between public & private lines?

What is defined as pleading guilty in exchange for a lighter sentence?

Informal censure is accomplished through:

Which of the following is curbed by proportionality and imposed by neutral parties bound by laws?

The law assumes rational individuals engage in therapeutic decision-making before they act.

Which case upheld a provision of the Smith Act of 1940 making it a crime to belong to the Communist Party?

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court decide against mandatory death sentences?

The text argues that there still appears to be an element of punishment attached to ______________ in a plea bargain.

Support for the death penalty goes up and down with:

Which of the following is true regarding the benefits of plea bargaining?

Which of the following acts were NOT an attempt to control and destroy the American Communist Party?

Some may insist that our _____________ and not the threat of punishment keeps us from committing criminal acts.

The death penalty is carried out relatively ___________ in the United States today.

According to legal sociologist Donald Black (1976), the “Law varies upward with other forms of social control”.

Black's therapeutic style of social control is one in which a person has violated an aspect of the penal code.

Which type of government exercises less control over political dissent than other forms of government?

The ACLU fears that the USA Patriot Act's definition of "______________" has great potential for abuse.

"________" consisted of the involuntary administration of drugs, and one was not "cured" until in conformity.

In which case did the Supreme Court reverse itself in the matter of executing the mentally retarded?

Which case upheld a statute aimed at keeping certain sex offenders behind bars under civil commitment laws?

Legal scholars have traditionally identified _______ other major objectives for punishing criminals besides deterrence.