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Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires (WHAP) Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires (WHAP)
Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires (WHAP)
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1
What was a POLITICAL reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to stop khanates and pastoralists from collecting tributes
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
2
Czar Peter the Great's construction of St. Petersburg, along with ports, defensive walls, and canals is an example of...
Improved infrastructure and trade
Recruitment of bureaucratic elites
Oppression of minorities
Developed military professionals.
3
Context: BEFORE 1450, identify the largest land-based empire in history - its methods inspired later states.
Russian Empire
Mongol Empire
Roman Empire
Han Dynasty
4
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
5
How did religion experience a MAJOR change in Early Modern Europe?
Christians united in a series of Crusades
Large portions of Europe converted to Islam
The Great Schism created the E. Orthodox Church
Protestants split from Catholics
6
This empire, founded by nomadic Turks, practiced Sunni Islam. Defeated Byzantine Empire using gunpowder.
E) Russian Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
7
Despite the growing size and intensity of rebellions among peasants and nobles against monarchs, what was the RESULT?
REFORM!
FAILURE!
REVOLUTION!
SUCCESS!
8
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
To glorify Sunni Islam.
9
What new type of monarchy expanded the power in the hands of the king in BOTH land and maritime empires?
Feudalism
Oligarchy
Limited Monarchy
Theocracy
Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
10
This Middle Eastern empire, centered in Persia, followed Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
E) Russian Empire
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
11
A expansive palace complex built by King Louis XIV of France to symbolize his authority as "the Sun King".
Forbidden City
Red Fort
Hagia Sophia
Versailles
Taj Mahal
St. Basil's Cathedral
12
Guru Nanak founded the syncretic Sikh religion in which region c. 1500 CE?
Russia
Southeast Asia
Middle East
East Asia
Central Asia
South Asia
13
This South Asian empire was ruled by Sunni Muslims over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant overall.
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
E) Russian Empire
C) Safavid Empire
14
Tax farming
often led to increased corruption but also allowed for....
Shrinking government expenses
Decreasing tax burdens on peasants
Increasing government debts
Loyalty among local elites/bureaucrats
15
When did the Early Modern (Gunpowder) Era take place in world history?
c.600-1450
c.1200-1450
c.1750-1900
c.1450-1750
16
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Winter Palace
Versailles
Forbidden City
Taj Mahal
Hagia Sophia
Red Fort
17
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
18
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Egyptians
The Aztecs
The Song Dynasty
The Persians
The Romans
The Byzantines
19
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
20
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
21
Which of the following was NOT a specific NEW gunpowder tech. introduced from 1450-1750?
The bombard/seige cannon
The musket
The star fort
The machine gun
22
ALL of the following are MAJOR changes that took place during the Early Modern Era EXCEPT:
Globalization of Trade- Exchanges
The Decline of Eastern World Powers
Intensification of Coerced Systems of Labor and Production
Strengthening of Imperial Rule through Gunpowder
23
Czar Catherine's policy of expelling Jewish peoples and forcing them into the
Pale of Settlement
is an example of...
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Oppression of minorities
Developed military professionals.
24
Why was the Ottoman capture of Constantinople from the Byzantines so significant?
It was the most important religious site of their empire.
They wanted it to build pasture land for their horses.
It was their original home & they wanted it back.
It provided legitimacy as the former Roman/Byzantine capital
It was a strategic and lucrative port along the Indian Ocean network
25
Although the Qing accepted most aspects of Chinese culture, what symbol of their culture were natives forced to adopt?
Manchu religious beliefs
Manchu architecture
Manchu haircuts (the queue)
Manchu cuisine and dwellings
26
Gunpowder reduced the power of nobles/elites in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Kings could equip larger armies more cheaply.
Stone/ wooden castles of elites became obsolete
Gunpowder weapons had to be imported from the East
Kings no longer required professional soldiers (knights) for armies
27
In Beijing, China. Built for the "Celestial Emperor" & seat of government for 500 years. Very Daoist/Confucian layout!
Forbidden City
Versailles
Red Fort
Winter Palace
Hagia Sophia
Taj Mahal
28
This empire was established in East Asia by a nomadic group called the Manchus who largely adopted Confucianism.
E) Russian Empire
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
29
A Byzantine cathedral, converted into a Sunni mosque by Mehmet the Conqueror. Other mosques in Istanbul emulated it.
Hagia Sophia
St. Basil's Cathedral
Versailles
Taj Mahal
Red Fort
Forbidden City
30
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Buddhism
Christianity and Judaism
Islam and Confucianism
Hinduism and Islam
31
Which one of the following is NOT an example of Akbar the Great's toleration of minorities in the Mughal Empire?
The ban on the Hindu practice of Sati
The recruitment of Zamindars into the Mughal bureaucracy
The Hindu exemption from the Jizya
The "Divine Faith" policy designed to attract many religions
32
Which of the following is TRUE about insurrections against land-based empires of Afro-Eurasia?
They created democratic reforms
They were all brutally defeated
Absolute monarchies created parliaments for the elites
Taxes rates were reduced as a result
33
Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Protestant Reformation?
Simony (Selling of Church Positions)
Selling of Indulgences
Disagreements over who would be the next pope.
Growing Church wealth and corruption
34
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu numerical minority.
It had a smaller Muslim society governing over a larger Hindu population.
35
Which of the following was an EFFECT of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?
A complete collapse of the Catholic Church in Europe
A decline in religious fervor/identity
Increasing tolerance of new faiths and doctrines
Rivalries between European states intensified (i.e. 30 Years War)
36
How did most/all imperial governments attempt to mitigate rampant corruption within their bureaucracies?
Accepted bribes for high positions
Allowed bureaucrats to inherit positions and titles
Allowed for more local autonomy of elites
Recruited through meritocracy
37
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Took Christian children as tributes for the army and bureacracy.
Abolished al forms of slavery within the empire.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
38
In Moscow. Built by Czar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
St. Basil's Cathedral
Forbidden City
Hagia Sophia
Red Fort
Versailles
Taj Mahal
39
Mughal tolerance of Hindu
zamindars
(landowners) and
rajas
(local governors) is an example of how empires_________.
Generated Revenue
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
40
How did the Ottomans defeat the Byzantines, the Russians defeat the Khanates, the Mughals defeat the Delhi Sultanate...?
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
41
How are land-empires different from maritime empires of the Early Modern Era?
Only maritime empires sponsored state religions to rule
Only maritime empires relied on gunpowder techs.
Land Empires were not separated by oceans.
Only land empires constructed monumental architecture
42
Which modified version of an old idea of rulers was devised in Christian-dominated Europe in this era?
"Divine Right" of Kings
Caesaropapism
The Mandate of Heaven
The Shahanshah (King of Kings)
The Caliphate
43
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used WHAT to legitimize their rule.
Economic powers
Social powers
Cultural religious powers
Technological powers
44
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
45
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.