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APES 2025 final review Flashcards | StudBud
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APES 2025 final review
APES 2025 final review
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Modified from Chapters 3 from the "Living in the Environment" Spoolman textbook
Flashcards
194 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
194
Answers
1
Which of the following causes the air to rise high into the atmosphere in the areas labeled A, B, and C on the diagram?
Warm, moist air that is less dense than surrounding air
Rain shadows over mountain ridges
El Nino circulation patterns
The rotation of the Earth shifting air upward
2
Providing habitats for various wildlife species is an example of what type of ecosystem service?
Regulating service
Provisioning service
Supporting service
Cultural service
3
The IUCN's Red List is . .
a list of unidentified species
an identification list of known species
a list of species facing unusually high risk of extinction
a list of ecologically damaged ecosystems
4
Which of the following is the greatest cause for biodiversity loss?
Poaching
Invasive Species
Habitat Loss
Disease
5
Which country currently emits the most carbon dioxide annually?
United Arab Emirates
India
China
United States
6
Which of the following would NOT describe a Taiga/Boreal biome?
Little precipitation
Cold winters
Thick conifer forest
Short growing seasons
7
Invasive species are...
A species from another country
A non-native species to an ecosystem that causes harm
A species that causes harm to an ecosystem
Non-native species to an area
8
If there is a decline in primary consumers like grasshoppers, what effect might this have on a food web?
Secondary consumers will decrease
It will have no effect
Producers will decrease
Competitors of grasshoppers will decrease
9
Human health impacts of climate change can include
Risk of famine due to disruption of precipitation patterns
Less seasonal allergies due to less pollen production by plants
Reduction in diseases caused by mosquitoes and other insects
More deaths due to expanded predator ranges
10
The doubling time of a population
refers to demographic fertility
is based on a constant birth rate
is a function of exponential growth
is two-thirds of the tripling time
11
The 4-8 inches of average sea level rise observed since 1900 is partially due to which of the following?
Slower regeneration of alpine ice caps
More intense hurricanes and typhoons
Thermal expansion of water
Increased rain events along the Mississippi River
12
Which of the following best explains the pattern of vegetation in the image below?
The eruption of Mauna Kea destroyed all vegetation
The rain shadow effect is causing precipitation on one side of a mountain
Hadley cell circulation is creating a desert at 30 degrees
Climate change is causing one side of the island to be more dry
13
In biodiversity hotspots you would expect a high degree of...
Parasitism
Selection
Synchronization
Resource Partitioning
14
What is weathering?
The climatic changes in weather.
Internal processes that build up the earth's surface.
When acid deposition quickly breaks down monuments.
The different processes that break down rocks into soil.
15
Populations which are experiencing an overshoot
B & D
A & B
C & D
A & C
16
Which of the following has the highest albedo?
Ocean surface
Bare dirt
Tropical rainforest
Ice & snow
17
Cutting down trees in the area will cause which of the following?
Increased infiltration of water into the ground
More transpiration
Increased runoff of water
Increased carbon dioxide uptake
18
Stable environments will generally favor what type of species?
Variants
R-Strategists
Specialists
Generalists
19
The CBR and CDR are the number of births or deaths per ______________ people
100
10
1000
10000
20
In which stage of the demographic transition is the population increasing?
Stages 3 & 4
Stages 1 & 2
Stages 2 & 3
Stages 1 & 4
21
Outdoor air pollution may be decreased by
temperature inversions
urban buildings
winds
hills and mountains
22
Why is the US population growing if the total fertility rate is below replacement level?
increased total fertility rate
emigration
increased death rate
immigration
23
What can you predict about the future of this population?
The population will grow
The population will shrink
There will be a high standard of living
There will be a high infant mortality rate
24
A large region that is characterized by a distinct climate and specific life forms is a(n)...
Biome
Life zone
Ecosystem
Ecotone
25
Sulfur dioxide contributes to all of the following problems except:
acid rain.
photochemical smog.
damage to buildings.
death of vegetation.
26
What type of boundary forms when plates slide & grind past one another along fractures?
A trench boundary
Oceanic ridges
A subduction zone
A transform fault
27
Characterize the following by plate boundary: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Himalayas, San Andreas fault
Divergent; convergent; transform
Convergent; divergent; transform
Transform; convergent; divergent
Divergent; transform; convergent
28
What's the relationship between habitat diversity and species diversity?
Diversity of species leads to diversity of habitats
Diversity of habitats leads to diversity of species
Increased habitat diversity leads to lower species diversity
Null hypothesis (the two are unrelated)
29
Which pollutant(s) are responsible for the formation of photochemical smog?
SO2 and NO2
SO2 and VOCs
NO2 and VOCs
CFCs
30
"When two species occupy the same niche they cannot coexist indefinitely."
Founder Effect
Resource Partitioning
Realized Niche
Competitive Exclusion Principle
31
Which country/region has produced the greatest CUMULATIVE carbon emissions since 1750?
Australia
European Union
United States
China
32
In which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer located?
Mesosphere
Troposphere
Thermosphere
Stratosphere
33
The two major indicators of development are
Migration rate and quality of life
Total fertility rate and growth rate
Infant mortality rate and land area
Infant mortality rate and life expectancy
34
logistic growth (S curve)
C
D
B
A
35
The number of children an average woman would have over her full reproductive lifetime is
crude birth rate
total fertility rate
birth rate
replacement-level fertility
36
Decreased death rate and accelerated rate of human population growth are NOT related to
increased food supply
control of disease-spreading organisms
increase in family planning and education for girls
improved sanitation, healthcare, and technology
37
Which of the following is NOT included in the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)?
nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2)
suspended particulate matter (SPM) and lead (Pb)
methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO)
38
Which of the following is an observed impact of climate change on weather & climate?
Conversion of desert habitat into grasslands from rainfall
Greater evaporation & more intense rain events
Greatest warming in equatorial regions
Increased regions of permafrost near the poles
39
Which factor(s) indicate a rapidly growing population?
a lack of access to fresh water
a lack of adequate calories to feed the population
a high percentage of girls with little education
a low infant mortality rate
40
Fungal spores, bacteria, animal dander, and feces of roaches or dust mites are considered
secondary pollutants
primary pollutants
extremely gross with no purpose on this planet
particulate matter
41
The ocean and marine sediments are an important sink of which cycle?
Nitrogen
Carbon
Water
Phosphorus
42
A population of 10 million has a growth rate of 1.5%. If the CBR is 30, what's the CDR?
28.5
100
10
15
43
The rate at which an ecosystem's producers convert solar energy into chemical energy as biomass is the ecosystem's ___.
Gross national product (GNP)
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Gross primary productivity (GPP)
Net primary productivity (NPP)
44
Which zone would you expect to find phytoplankton?
benthic zone
aphotic zone
photic zone
transition zone
45
What is an economic issue associated with El Nino?
Drought
Mudslides
Ocean lizards shrink
Less productive fisheries
46
Which of these is a way that invasive species can be harmful?
Is brought by humans to be used as a resource
Outcompetes native species for resources
Cannot survive in the conditions of the new location
Gets eaten by native predators
47
Which of the following is not a harmful effect of acid deposition?
lowers pH of aquatic ecosystems & damages buildings
creates O3 in the troposphere
leaches toxic metals Pb and Hg & soil nutrients Ca & Mg
Human respiratory diseases & loss of crops & trees
48
Nuclear power mainly causes what type of water pollution?
Sediment
Thermal
Toxic
Bacterial
49
This graph shows which of the following?
An impact of seasonal changes in forests of the Northern Hemisphere
Decreasing global temperatures since 1958
Predictions of future CO2 levels will be difficult to make
A rapid CO2 decrease in earth's atmosphere
50
Loss of water from trees to the atmosphere is called __________
Condensation
Evaporation
Infiltration
Transpiration
51
Which of these represents a negative feedback loop from global climate change?
More evaporation → more clouds → more sunlight reflected
Sea ice melting → Water exposed → Increased water temps
Longer fire seasons → greater area of wildfires → more GHG
Increased drought → less plant growth → increased GHG
52
What are (or were) the MAJOR sources of lead pollution?
Paint and gasoline
Construction and agriculture
Gasoline and landfills
Paint and volcanic activity
53
Global species richness exhibits the following pattern
Transverse Gradient
Latitudinal Gradient
Uniform Distribution
Longitudinal Gradient
54
Urban Heat Island
a tropical vacation spot
an urbanized region that is warmer than the surrounding rural areas.
a solar-powered city that radiates heat
an industrial zone where heat is produced to power a city
55
Where does the remaining energy from biomass go as 10% transfers to the next trophic level?
It's lost as low-quality heat
It stays within the organism
It's released as light
56
Which curve is Type I?
D
A
B
C
57
In island biogeography, area is relevant because
Islands closer to the mainland are more species rich
Smaller islands are more species rich
Larger islands are more species rich
Rocky islands are more species rich
58
What is seafloor spreading?
Spreading of ocean crust solely due to earthquakes.
Formation of new ocean crust as result of magma upwelling from the mantle.
Movement & spreading of ocean crust above continental crust.
When plate slide past each other.
59
Which greenhouse gas is emitted mostly from the bacterial breakdown of fertilizers and animal manure in soil?
N2O
CH4
CO2
O3
60
Which of the following is the LEAST significant anthropogenic contributor towards atmospheric methane?
decomposition of clearcut forests
intestinal tracts of livestock
natural gas production
landfills
61
Which of the below reduces emissions of CO, NOx, and VOCs?
Incinerator
Wet Scrubber
Catalytic converter
Electrostatic precipitator
62
What is the crude birth rate in the following country?
10 per 1,000 people
100 per 1,000 people
200 per 1,000 people
20 per 1,000 people
63
The great grasslands of the world
have seasonal temperature and precipitation fluctuations
require high winds to distribute seeds and knock down trees
have lots of fire due to low humidity
are located between 30 degrees north and south of the equator
64
Stable, diverse community that is the "end point" of succession
Carrying Capacity
Pioneer Community
Climax Community
Resilient Community
65
Where do we find most of the fresh water on Earth
Icecaps & Glaciers
The Atmosphere
Groundwater
Lakes
66
Which the following represents the impacts of a thermal inversion taking place?
Pollution mixes with warm air and escapes.
Nothing bad happens. It's all good.
Pollution is stuck in warm layer found at higher altitude
Pollution is "stuck" with the cold air near the surface.
67
What is the focus of an earthquake?
Place where an earthquake begins, below surface.
Located above the surface.
Located directly above epicenter
Located where an earthquake ends.
68
Grasslands are a transitional biome between
forest and savanna
deserts and forest
prairies and savanna
forest and tundra
69
The NPP = 10,000 kcal/m
2
. Respiration = 16,000 kcal/m
2
. What is the GPP?
6,000 kcal/m2
160,000 kcal/m2
26,000 kcal/m2
1.6 kcal/m2
70
If a population doubles every 23.3 years, what is the growth rate?
3%
4%
1%
2%
71
The soil layer most similar to the parent material is the:
B horizon
A horizon
O horizon
C horizon
72
Average temperatures have been & are expected to continue increasing the most in
Regions emitting the most carbon dioxide
low altitude regions
equatorial regions
the polar regions
73
At which location is new crust being created at a divergent plate boundary?
A
B
D
C
74
VOCs are commonly found in________
Paint
Dust
Ozone
Carbon Monoxide
75
At a 3.9 percent growth rate, how long will it take a country to double its population?
about 18 years
about 14 years
about 30 years
about 70 years
76
A trophic cascade is when...
all levels of an ecosystem are affected due to a change
Rocks on a mountain slide down
a natural disaster
one organism gets eaten by a bigger one
77
All are characteristics of K-strategists EXCEPT
niche generalists
low juvenile mortality rate
Type I or II survivorship curves
mature slowly
78
Asbestos can cause:
Fires
Muscle pains
Lung disease
Back strain
79
What is weather?
A set of physical conditions in the thermosphere
The averaged conditions of a given area over much time.
The general pattern of atmospheric conditions over time.
Includes several factors in a given area over a short period
80
Which 2 economic sectors contribute most to annual greenhouse gas emissions in the US?
Transportation & Industry
Electricity Generation & Transportation
Agriculture & Industry
Electricity Generation & Agriculture
81
Which of the following is the major distinguishing feature of primary succession?
No soil present
Soil present
Occurs after a natural disaster
Occurs over the course of 100 years
82
Which of the following is NOT part of the hydrological cycle?
Transpiration and evaporation
Watershed and aquifer
Precipitation and percolation
Eutrophication and assimilation
83
100 mL of water were poured through the sample. 98 mL were collected. What is the composition of the soil?
50% clay, 40% silt, 10% sand
5% clay, 10% silt, 85% sand
80% clay, 10% silt, 10% sand
30% clay, 40% silt, 30% sand
84
What is the greatest agent of weathering?
Pressure
H2O
Heat
Wind
85
Which of the following best relates to the bottleneck effect?
One population outcompetes the other when resources are limited
A disease wipes out a large portion of the population. Few survivors.
A few organisms migrate to start a new population
Red fish choose to only mate with other red fish
86
Which of the following statements is true of natural selection?
Is driven by evolution
It always results in speciation
It is a targeted process that determines adaptations
It is a process that results in a change in gene frequency
87
Which type of soil allows the most water to infiltrate?
loam
silt
sand
clay
88
How do passive solar power systems work?
Produce electricity
Collectors made of flat-plate PV panels
Sunlight is absorbed to retain heat
External energy sources for storage
89
Competition drives species to utilize only a portion of their niche in which of the following?
Resource Partitioning
Competitive exclusion principle
Genetic Drift
Fundamental Niche
90
Which of the following is NOT true about photochemical smog?
It is also known as brown-air smog
It more often occurs in dry, sunny, warm, big cities
It is caused by a mix of primary & secondary pollutants activated by light
It results from burning coal and oil and C, which converts to CO & CO2
91
Which answer(s) describes the Ring of Fire?
String of volcanoes and seismic activity sites
All other options are correct.
Located at edges of Pacific Ocean, at plate boundaries.
It is where about 90% of all earthquakes occur.
92
Which of the following has NOT been observed in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations?
Increased intensity of droughts, heat waves & rain events
Decline in global sea ice extent
Increase in ocean heat content & temperatures
Increase in ocean pH values
93
Which of the following is the only completely anthropogenic greenhouse gas?
chlorofluorocarbons
carbon dioxide
methane
water
94
Which soil particle would greatly increase a soil's water holding capacity?
Loam
Clay
Silt
Sand
95
Which is a not a density-dependent factor that affects population size?
food availability
predation
weather
disease
96
All of the following are true about formaldehyde except
It is found in furniture and plywood
It is a skin and respiratory irritant
It is a radioactive gas
It is a suspected carcinogen
97
The _____________established air pollution regulations on key pollutants.
Clean Water Acts
The Endangered Species Act
The Lacey Act
Clean Air Acts
98
Movement of water into soil is ___.
Infiltration
Condensation
Transpiration
Precipitation
99
What characterizes a pollutant as a primary pollutant?
Reacts w/ a second molecule to form
Gets emitted directly from its source
Travels to the stratosphere and depletes the ozone layer
Has a high global warming potential
100
Wind energy is ...
non-renewable energy
not a useful resource
renewable energy that can generate electricity
made from the Sun
101
Which cycle does the most shaping of the earth's landscape?
sulfur
carbon
nitrogen
hydrological
102
Which of the following is a main cause of acid deposition?
hydroelectric power plants
photovoltaic solar cells
nuclear power plants
coal-burning power plants
103
Which of the following is TRUE regarding earth's atmosphere & climate?
Weather data before 1960 has been unreliable in regards to climate
Past CO2 levels rarely predict past temperatures.
Greenhouse gases represent more than 10% of atmospheric gases.
Temperature has changed often from glacial to interglacial periods.
104
Subsoil layer that is rich with inorganic minerals, aka zone of accumulation.
E horizon
B horizon
A horizon
O horizon
105
Which of these plays a significant part in the Nitrogen cycle?
Mammals
Bacteria
Plants
Fish
106
The word for the amount of empty space in soil (can be filled with water or air)
Porosity
Permeability
Aeration
Capacity
107
Many of the biogeochemical cycles involve decomposers like bacteria and fungus because...
They produce oxygen
They recycle nutrients from dead organisms.
They neutralize acids
They circulate water and air
108
All of the following make a species more vulnerable for extinction EXCEPT. . .
Being a species that migrates
Being endemic
Having a large fundamental niche
Naturally Small Population
109
Which of the following ecosystems has the least NPP?
agricultural land
estuaries
marshes and bogs
tropical rain forests
110
The figure shows which of the following?
Kenya is at replacement level fertility
Kenya is in the transitioning stage of demographic transition
Germany is at replacement level fertility
United States is experiencing exponential growth
111
Specialists have a ___________
Small fundamental niche that is almost fully realized
Large fundamental niche that is almost fully realized
Small fundamental niche that is only partially realized
Large fundamental niche that is only partially realized
112
True/False: The melting of sea ice in the Arctic is the primary contributor to increased sea levels.
True
False
113
The majority of modern greenhouse gas emissions come from which activity?
Burying our waste in landfills
Using aerosol spray cans
Burning fossil fuels
Applying fertilizers to crops
114
What could account for the shape of the diagram?
Introduction of prenatal and infant medicine about 20 years ago
Emigration of many senior citizen about 10 years ago
Opening the border to immigration about 30 years ago
Devastating weather conditions about 20 years ago
115
Which of the following is NOT true about acid deposition?
SO2 and NOx are the primary pollutants involved
promotes plant growth by lowering the pH
regional problem
it can be wet or dry deposition
116
Which of the following is NOT a significant anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide?
deforestation
combustion of fossil fuels
iron and steel production
landfills
117
What is the independent variable?
number of tadpoles
water pH
temperature of water
amount of sunlight
118
The second law of thermodynamics is helpful for explaining how
Useful energy never changes between successive trophic levels
Useful energy is lost between successive trophic levels
Useful energy is gained between successive trophic levels
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
119
Which of the following would be considered a regulatory ecosystem service?
Providing improved air quality
Providing positive aesthetic qualities
Providing wildlife habitats
Providing lumber
120
Which of the following is used to determine soil texture?
the decomposition rate of organic material
the mineral composition
the water content
the relative proportions of different particle sizes
121
In developed countries, replacement-level fertility rate is about
2.5
8.0
2.1
4.2
122
r-selected species characteristics include
long gestation period
little to no parental care
short lifespans
produce fewer, larger offspring
123
Natural processes that recycle nutrients in various chemical forms are ___.
Energy cycles
Biogeochemical cycles
Elemental cycles
Chemical cycles
124
In this age structure diagram, the population is
Decreasing rapidly
Increasing slowly
Increasing rapidly
Decreasing Slowly
125
Which of the following is NOT considered when determining an area is a biodiversity "hotspot"
Ecosystem Services
Endemic Species
Species Richness
Species Abundance
126
The main cause for the occurence of different biomes in different regions is
latitudinal differences
soil composition differences
carbon dioxide concentration differences
temperature and rainfall differences
127
T/F: Large bodies of water create more stable temperatures on nearby land areas.
True
False
128
In the demographic transition model, stage two is characterized by
high birth and death rate
high birthrate and reduced death rate
high death rate, low birth rate
low infant mortality rate and a high standard of living
129
A health effect of air pollution would
NOT
include....
heart attack & stroke
lung cancer
kidney stones & gall stones
emphysema, asthma & chronic bronchitis
130
Process by bacteria, lightning and fertilizer factories to take nitrogen gas out of the air making it usable to plants
Ammonification
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrification
Denitrification
131
SOx and NOx are primary pollutants responsible for the formation of:
Photochemical smog
Acid deposition
Industrial smog
Ozone depletion
132
Which of the following accurately describes the greenhouse effect?
It is not necessary for the survival of modern living organisms
It causes daily temperatures to fluctuate very rapidly.
It prevents infrared radiation from escaping into space.
It traps incoming solar radiation in the stratosphere.
133
The global warming potential of a molecule includes consideration of which of the following variables?
Ability to absorb incoming ultraviolet radiation
Stratospheric concentration
Size of the molecule
Residence time of the gas in the atmosphere
134
Organically rich surface material; contains partially decomposed plants,animals,bacteria&fungi.
B horizon
C horizon
O horizon
A horizon
135
The process of ammonia being converted to nitrites, then to nitrates is called...
Denitrification
Nitrification
Nitrogen fixation
Ammonification
136
What causes the Coriolis Effect?
Earth's rotation
Earth's revolution
Earth's precession
Earth's tilted axis
137
The correct order of the stages is
Pre-industrial, Transitioning, Post-Industrial, Industrial
Industrial, Pre-industrial, Transitioning, Post industrial
Pre-industrial, Transitioning, Industrial, Post-industrial
Pre-industrial, Post-industrial, Industrial, Transitioning
138
What is ecology the study of?
How organisms interact with their living and nonliving environment
Effects of natural and unnatural processes on the environment
The effects of toxins on its environment
The structure, function, growth, origin, and evolution of organisms
139
Why is the arrangement on the left better than that on the right?
The habitats are in a triangular shape in the arrangement on the left
The patches are closer together in the arrangement on the left
There is more habitat in the arrangement on the left
There are more habitat edges in the arrangement on the left
140
A founding population 200 of fish is 40% blue. How many fish are blue?
20
40
120
80
141
During an El Nino event, which of the following best describes conditions in the tropical eastern Pacific?
Low sea surface temperature, high rainfall
High sea surface temperature, high rainfall
Low sea surface temperature, low rainfall
High sea surface temperature, low rainfall
142
Which layer of the atmosphere do we live in?
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Troposphere
Mesosphere
143
When plant roots absorb ammonium and nitrate ions and make proteins and DNA, it is called...
Denitrification
Assimilation
Mineralization
Ammonification
144
Which greenhouse gas is most common on our planet & most rapidly moves through the atmosphere?
N2O
CO2
H2O
CH4
145
Which of the following would help to prevent acid deposition?
increase coal use
remove NOx from motor vehicle exhaust
decrease use of renewable energy resources
provide tax breaks for SO2 emissions
146
Which of these is not associated with divergent plate boundaries?
Subduction Zones
Rift Valleys
Volcanoes
Seafloor Spreading
147
Diffusion of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide into the ocean causes
inability of corals & mollusks to create shells
increase in phytoplankton populations
increase in ocean pH levels
more oxygen to absorb into the ocean
148
What effects do acid deposition have on soil ecosystems?
pH of soil is elevated
The cation exchange capacity is higher
Photosynthetic activity is reduced
Micronutrients are leached from the soil
149
How does CO impact human health?
It's a neurotoxin
It can induce an allergic reaction
Causes asthma
Prevents oxygen from binding to hemoglobin
150
Which of the following best describes species evenness?
A measure of population change
A measure of species abundance
A measure of relative abundance
A measure of population distribution
151
If producers contain 1000 kcal of energy, how much will the primary consumers contain for the secondary consumers to eat
10 kcal
1000 kcal
1 kcal
100 kcal
152
What causes Earth's seasons?
Its precession
Its revolution
Its tilted axis
Its rotation
153
Throughout Earth's history, climate changes have typically been caused by all of these EXCEPT
variations in Earth's orbit
migration of species among landmasses
volcanic activity
changes in ocean currents
154
Where do active volcanoes occur?
Where magma reaches the earth's surface through a vent/crack
Where lava reaches the earth's surface through a vent/crack.
Never along plate boundaries.
Only in hotspots, such as Hawaii.
155
Which of the following describe La Niña?
Usually causes with warm ocean temperatures in Pacific Ocean
Usually causes cooler than normal temperatures in South America
Occurs along the tropical west coast of North America.
Climate pattern that describes warming of surface waters
156
How much energy is lost when it's transferred onto the next trophic level?
10%
90%
25%
70%
157
Which statement is false about radon?
Radon is present in certain types of soils and rocks.
Radon exposure increases the risk of lung cancer.
Radon builds to harmful concentrations in the open air.
Radon originates from the natural decay of uranium.
158
The natural rate of increase is represented by
A
B
D
C
159
The realized niche for a species is. . .
A ratio for competitive exclusion
Limited for a generalist
The ecological roles the species is filling at a given time
All the ecological roles the species could fill
160
Which greenhouse gas comes from the combustion of biomass, such as plant matter, as well as cement manufacture?
O3
CH4
CFCs
CO2
161
The carrying capacity is represented by the letter
E
D
A
C
162
Which is a TRUE statement about noise pollution?
hearing loss is caused mostly by age
has significant effects on wildlife migration and nesting habits
loud sound is not dangerous as long as you don't feel pain
loud sound damages only your hearing
163
Which of the following is NOT true about industrial smog?
It is also known as "gray-air smog"
sulfur compounds react with O2 to produce SO2
burning coal and oil and C released converts to CO & CO2
found mostly in developed countries
164
Which of the following is a true statement about passive solar heating?
It is not used to heat commercial buildings.
It is effective only during the summer months.
It produces more pollution than heating with an electric heat pump.
It is based in part on the principle of the greenhouse effect.
165
True/False: Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation in the stratosphere.
False
True
166
Which type of soil is best for agriculture?
Clay
Silt
Loam
Sand
167
In order for evolution to occur, a variation must result in...
Allocation
Differential Reproduction
Speciation
Increased Dispersal
168
What unit is productivity measured in?
watts/m2/
Kcal/m2/yr
J/yr
N/m2/yr
169
In which biogeochemical cycle do elements not have a significant gaseous phase?
Phosphorus cycle
Water Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
170
Type 1 survivorship indicates which type of reproductive strategy?
r-selected
K-selected
171
Which of the following is classified as a secondary pollutant?
CO
Pb
CO2
H2SO4
172
T/F: Food webs are made of many interlocking food chains.
True
False
173
Which of the following biological impacts of global climate change have been observed?
Generalist species outcompeted by specialist species
Increased rates of photosynthesis for all plants
Disruption of seasonal events (flowering, hibernation)
Species migrating toward the equator
174
Which of the following is
NOT
among the top 4 most dangerous indoor air pollutants?
H2SO4
formaldehyde
radioctive radon-222 gas
very small particles
175
Which latitude on the diagram experiences 24 hours of daylight on June 20?
A
E
B
C
176
The largest reservoir of nitrogen is
In the soil/rocks of earth
In the water of earth
In the atmosphere of earth
In living things
177
List the layers of the atmosphere in order (starting from layer nearest to surface).
Thermosphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere
Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Troposp., Stratosp., Mesosphere, Thermosp., Exosphere
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
178
Sustainable use
A resource is not consumed faster than it can be regenerated
Ensures protection of a diversity of organisms
Part of the food web
Human made gases that contributed to the 'ozone hole'
179
The variety of species within a given area describes __________
Species evenness
Species richness
Genetic diversity
Colonization rate
180
A relatively scarce naturally occurring element is known as the ___.
Law of conservation of energy
Law of tolerance
Law of conservation of mass
Limiting nutrient
181
What type of plate boundary is this?
Collision
Convergent
Divergent
Transform Fault
182
What is the main goal of the Paris Climate Accord Act?
Protecting air quality
Reducing carbon emissions
Protecting the ozone layer
Improving livestock management
183
What can you predict about this population?
The population will grow
The population will shrink
184
Tourism is most closely associated with which type of ecosystem service?
Cultural service
Provisioning service
Regulatory service
Supporting service
185
Methane concentrations have increased from 0.8 ppm in 1750 to 1.8 ppm today. What is the % increase?
225%
125%
20%
44%
186
Where two plates collide and one plate is forced under the other it is called a
hot spot
surface trace
pressure zone
subduction zone
187
On a small scale, human disturbances can increase biodiversity because...
Disturbances promote resource partitioning
Disturbances can increase habitat diversity
Disturbances favor specialists
Disturbances introduce invasive species
188
How does nitrogen gas get into the atmosphere?
Denitrification of soil nitrates by bacteria
Assimilation of nitrates by plants
Leaching of nitrogen from fertilizers
Fixation of nitrates by bacteria
189
Which of the following is an example of a carbon sink?
combustion of fossil fue in power plants
decomposition of food waste by bacteria
decomposition of organic matter on the ocean floor
nutirent uptake by the roots of grasses in a lawn
190
What are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay at point U?
20% sand, 70% silt, 10% clay
40% sand, 30% silt, 30% clay
50% sand, 20% silt, 30% clay
50% sand, 70% silt, 50% clay
191
Which of these produce their own food?
Consumers
Autotrophs
Decomposers
Heterotrophs
192
Which of the following is NOT a primary emission?
O3
SO2
NO2
CO2
193
Populations going through demographic transition go through a period of expansion but stabilize
at the maximum carrying capacity of the land
at a constant rate of growth
at the original size
with a larger population but zero growth
194
Which of the following is NOT true about the Carbon Cycle?
Carbon dioxide is decreasing in the atmosphere
It includes photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Carbon sinks include oceans, soil, and living things like plants
Carbon sources include combustion, respiration, and decomposition
