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7th ch6 change through time Flashcards | StudBud
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7th ch6 change through time
7th ch6 change through time
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1
Choose the statement that is NOT part of Darwin's theory of evolution?
All organisms are linked to a common ancestor
organisms change over time
evolution occurs over a long period of time
extinction causes evolution
2
Which of the following was NOT a source for Darwin's ideas about evolution?
scientists' knowledge of genetics
selective breeding by farmer & animal breeders
characteristics of Galapagos animals
the ideas & observations of Malthus & Lyell
3
Which of the following features did whales possibly inherit from a 4-legged ancestor?
gills
hind limbs
hip bones
legs
4
When does extinction take place?
Immediately after a species is declared threatened
When a species gives up
Extinction rarely happens, so it's not a large concern.
When species is unable to adapt within changing environment
5
What evidence of natural selection is available today that was not available to Darwin?
Humans can breed organisms for specific traits
There is great variation amoung organisms
Organisms inherit traits
Differences in genes create variation
6
What process often begins by a portion of the population becoming physically separated?
resistance
genetic change
speciation
selective breeding
7
The rate of decay of a radioactive element is measured by
half-life
year
period
era
8
What are segments of DNA that determine characteristics in an organism?
adaptations
genes
fossils
homologous structures
9
Look at the branching tree. Which animal is most closely related to the gorilla?
shark
lizard
tiger
lamprey
10
What did Charles Darwin help to explain?
how fossils are formed
how species change over time
the age of the Earth
genetics
11
____ occurs when the environment changes and the adaptations hurt the species
evolution
extinction
Isolation
natural selection
12
What is an inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of surviving and reproducing?
Natural selection
variation
evolution
adaptaion
13
A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is a called a(n):
selection
variation
species
adaptation
14
Darwin concluded that organisms on the Galapagos Islands
were the result of selective breeding.
had no variations.
had remained the same.
had changed over time.
15
Term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestors?
homologous structures
fossil relationships
DNA sequence
developmental similarities
16
which is a cause for extinction?
failure to adapt to the environment
introduction of a predator
rapid environmental changes
variation in the population
17
Changes in a species over long periods of time are called
evolution
homologous structures
half-life
developmental stages
18
What most likely happens to a species if it is not able to adapt to a changing environment?
Genetic mutations will increase to save the species.
The species will go extinct
Members of another species will help the species to survive.
The species will try to stop the environment from changing.
19
An example of an adaptation is ____
elephants long trunk
birds different beaks
Wolverines claws
Giraffes long neck
20
Isolation occurs when a population becomes _____ by an event.
Divided
Extinct
Diseased
doubled
21
Process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive & reporduce
natural selection
species seperation
genetic resistance
genetic change
22
The story of peppered moths demonstrate an example of ___
moths' ability to change color overnight
how variance helps a population survive
an adaptation based on behavioral features
an adaptation based on structural features
23
What are 2 signs that different species have a common ancestor?
similar DNA & different traits
similar fossils & different traits
different fossils & similar traits
similar DNA & traits
24
2. A process by which favorable traits tend to increase in frequency over time is called
variation
evolution
change over time
Natural selection
25
What does speciation create?
offspring
a new species
resistance
new ancestors
26
Populations of all species are limited by
natural selection, evolution, division
genetic change, speciation, adaptation, & spearation
starvation, disease, competition, & predation
breeding, speciation, sediment, ancestry
27
Which animal is least closely related to the lamprey
dodo bird
gorilla
shark
tiger
28
According to the theory of ___________, evolution occurs slowly but steadly
change
gradualism
punctuated equilibria
natural selection
29
What is the gradual change in species over time called?
adaptation
natural selection
evolution
variation
30
The process of change over a period of time is called _____.
evolution
selective breeding
Adaptation
natural selection
31
How does natural selection occur?
nature random selects who lives and who goes extinct
favorable adaptations are selected and increase over time
individuals in populations are not exactly alike
Most offspring are produced than can survive
32
What is the number one goal of an organism?
Help others be better
Become famous
Learn about global warming
Survive and reproduce
33
Random _____ in genes produce variations of traits in a population.
order
mutations
natural selection
combination
34
Darwin's idea about how evolution occurs is called....
artificial selection
natural
natural selection
selection
35
Similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor are called
adaptations
homologous structures
ancestral structures
punctuated equilibria
36
A well-supported and widely accepted explanation is called a
hypothesis
a guess
scientific law
scientific theory
37
The picture is an example of an animal doing what?
Camouflage
Mimicry
Variation
Hibernation
38
Excessive use of antibiotics has resulted in bacteria that are resistant. This is an example of
natural selection
population separation
mutations
selective breeding
39
Which of the following do scientists think was an ancestor of whales?
an ancient fish
a large tree
a shark
an ancient land mammal
40
1. Who is the english,naturalist who studied plants and animals and created an evolution theory
Albert Einstein
Mr. Clem
Gregory Mendel
Charles Darwin
41
What role does overproduction play in natural selection?
d. only the better adapted organisms survive and reproduce
a. overproduction decreases competition
c Overproduction causes an organism to overwhelm predators
b. overproduction leads to more adaptations
42
The process by which populations slowly change over time is called
adaptation
selective breeding
evolution
speciation
43
Why did black moths increase in population during England's Industrial Revolution?
They had no predators
The environment changed in their favor.
They had a trait better suited to the environment
They had better jobs with higher pay
44
What type of evidence is the best indicator of how closely two species are related?
DNA evidence
similar body structures
Common traits
similar embryos
45
How does a lizard's
camouflage
help it survive?
harder to see by predators
sharpens hearing
better balance
clearer view of environment
46
A characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring through genes is called
sediment
trait
genetic change
resistance
47
Most members of a species show differences, called...
homologous structures
differentiation
adaptations
variations
48
Fossils formed when an organism dissolves and leaves an empty space in a rock are called
petrified fossils
molds
preserved remains
casts
49
On what British ship did Charles Darwin sail for five years around the world?
HMS Beaver
HMS Beak
HMS Bagel
HMS Beagle
50
How does natural selection lead to evolution?
Overproduction provides food for stronger members of species
Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species.
Helpfull variations accumulate in surviving members of species
Environmental changes favor weaker members of the species
51
What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galapagos Islands?
Their beaks were adaptations related to the foods they ate.
Their feathers were adapted to match their environment.
Had homologous body structures with other flying vertebrates
They were unrelated to mainland bird species.
52
Animals may change behavior or physical appearance in response to changes in environment
resistance
genetic change
Adaptation
genetic variation
53
The trace remains of an organism that lived long ago preserved in sedimentary rock are a
sediment
mineral
fossil
layer
54
A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n)?
adaptation
selection
variation
mutation
55
When certain genes make organisms more likely to survive & reproduce, which process can occur?
selection
isolation
adaptation
selective breeding
56
The technique of ___________ can be used to determine the actual age of a fossil.
absolute dating
relative dating
double dating
cousin dating
57
Which layer contains the YOUNGEST fossils?
no one knows?
middle layer
bottom layer
Top layer
58
What process would farmers use to produce vegetables that will grow in a specific climate?
genetic variation
selective breeding
natural selection
evolution
59
According to
Darwin
, why did the Galapagos finches have
different
beaks?
Genetic mutation
Feeding habits and diet
Difference in defenses
Difference in flight
60
What did Darwin help to explain?
How species change over time
Genetics
How birds fly
How old the Earth is
61
A spider may produce hundreds of eggs, only a few survive. This is an example of
division
overproduction
speciation
genetic change
62
A diagram that might show how an organism is related is called a...
punctuated equilibria
branching tree
dna chart
gradualism
63
Which of the following is NOT an example of natural selection?
male birds developing colorful feathers to attract females
bacteria populations becoming resistant to antibiotics
insect populations developing resistance to pesticides
people breeding horses to run faster
64
A characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive is an
genetics
reproduction
adaptation
inherited variation
65
The process where organisms with favorable adaptations are most likely to survive is called __
natural selection
change over time
Speciation
Evolution