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International Relations
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International Relations, 2023 BA Program in Global Studies. UPF. Just Castillo Iglesias
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1
The modern notion of international relations is often associated with
The establishment of the League of Nations
The Treaty of Westphalia
The Roman Empire
The end of WWII and the onset of Cold War dynamics
2
Which of the following is the deadliest conflicts since WWII? (despite difficulties to obtain clear figures)
The Syrian Civil War
The Gulf War
The conflict in the Dem. Rep. of the Congo
The Arab-Israeli conflict
3
The concept of "sticky power" in institutions refers to:
The capacity of institutions to distribute power equitably among states
The ability of powerful states to dominate and control intl' institutions
When a state embeds power on institutions, it becomes harder to reduce
The influence of non-state actors in shaping institutional policies
4
What is a key aspect of liberal hegemony?
Embedding power in institutions
Dominating and controlling other states
Using military force to impose its will
Maintaining a balance of power among states
5
The Korean War, fought from 1950 to 1953, ended with an armistice that resulted in:
The withdrawal of all foreign forces from the Korean Peninsula
The agreement to reunify North and South Korea
The establishment of a demilitarized zone separating North and South Korea
A decisive victory for North Korea and its allies
6
What significant changes have occurred in China's foreign policy since the leadership of Xi Jinping?
Shift towards a more decentralized decision-making process
Greater emphasis on global cooperation and diplomacy
Reduction in economic engagement with other countries
Increased assertiveness and a departure from a low-profile approach
7
Ideational power, as a form of power, refers to:
Power exerted through dissemination of ideas and their normative value
Power achieved through coercive tactics and manipulation of information
Power rooted in military capabilities and ability to defend one's interests
Power derived from economic dominance and control over resources
8
Which of the following is true about the Democratic Peace Theory?
Constructivist. Suggests democracies don't wage war to spread ideology
Liberal. Posits that democracies do not go to war against each other
Realist. Asserts democracies don't fight each other due to balance of power
Proposes democracies are likely to engage only in trade wars
9
Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of International Relations as a field of study?
The analysis of states' domestic policy in isolation from global dynamics
The examination of global economic transactions and trade relations
The study of conflicts and cooperation between nations
The study of conflicts and cooperation between nations
10
How do Russian power elites see the collapse of the USSR?
As a geopolitical disaster and national drama
A a new array of opportunities for economic growth
As the liberation from oppressive regime
As an event that positively transformed international relations
11
What is the main role of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)?
Providing collective defense and security to its members
Advancing economic cooperation and integration among its member states
Serves as a platform for diplomatic negotiations and conflict resolution
Providing humanitarian aid and disaster relief operations worldwide
12
Where does the divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims stem from?
Geographic location
Different relationships with Allah
Support for different caliphs
Clerical hierarchy
13
What the MAIN driver behind Russia's interest in the Arctic region?
Climate change mitigation
Access to natural resources and expansion of trade routes
Expansion of economic ties with China
Military presence and control
14
Which security concept focuses on the root causes and addresses multidimensional security issues?
Widened security
Human security
Securitization of problems
Comprehensive security
15
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of material power according to the Realist thinkers?
Soft power and cultural influence
Military capabilities and technology
Geographic factors and natural resources
Economic resources and trade dependencies
16
Which factors shape dynamics of power between two actors according to the concept of relational power in IR?
Military capabilities and technological advancements
Economic resources and GDP
Intersubjective perceptions and the relationship itself
Leadership qualities and charisma
17
During the 1970s, which theoretical perspective gained prominence in IR, challenging the dominance of Realism?
Constructivism
Liberalism
Marxism
Neo-realism
18
Constructivism in international relations emphasizes:
The notion that every aspect of life is socially constructed, also IR
The role of non-state actors
Economic interdependence and trade
Ideas, norms, and actors' identities
19
What is the status of China's soft power in global affairs?
China does not prioritize or invest in soft power initiatives
China's soft power has declined in recent years
China has successfully built a strong soft power presence worldwide
Its soft power has been growing but still lags behind other major powers
20
Polarity in international relations refers to:
The extent to which international organizations influence state behavior
The presence of many actors competing for resources in the global economy
The distribution of power among states in the international system
The level of cooperation and trust between states in a regional alliance
21
What is a key characteristic of offensive realism?
Focus on maintaining the status quo and territorial defens
Emphasis on power projection and expansionist behavior
Advocacy for cooperative international institutions
Support for the existing balance of power and non-revisionist actions
22
The concept of "anarchical international system" primarily refers to:
A system where all states are equal in their soverignty
An international state of global chaos and disorder
A system where not every state follows enforces laws
A system without a global government or an overarching authority
23
Are Peacekeeping Operations (PKOs) explicitly mentioned in the United Nations Charter?
PKOs are mentioned in the Charter, but scope and functions not defined
Yes, PKOs are outlined in the Charter as a mechanism for peace and security
The United Nations Charter explicitly prohibits the establishment of PKOs
No, PKOs are not mentioned in the Charter, but have evolved as a practice
24
Realist thinkers in IR primarily view human nature as:
Cooperative and ethical
Intrinsically good and moral
Cooperative and ethical
Selfish, ambitious, and often violent
25
The term "Soft Power" in international relations refers to...
The ability to wield power through cultural influence and political values
Influence through coercion
Capacity of influence by peaceful means
The ability to wield power through economic means
26
The US policy of Cold War containment, was first articulated in a famous document by:
Harry S. Truman
George F. Kennan
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Winston Churchill
27
What is the difference between regionalization and regionalism?
Regionalization and regionalism are two terms that describe the same
Regionalization requires political planning, regionalism is bottom-up
Regionalism is a politically-driven process, regionalization emerges
Regionalization focuses on culture and identity, regionalism on economics
28
What is the Dutch Disease?
Excessive wealth from resource exports causing currency appreciation
The economic decline experienced by the Netherlands between 1966 and 1968
Agricultural export dependence causing industrial stagnation
Economic decline due to natural resource dominance
29
What is the main rationale behind Russia's control of its sphere of interest?
Economic benefits
Desire for regional dominance
Fear of Western incursions
Promotion of democratic values
30
Which statement best describes Mercosur?
Mercosur favors informality and avoids institutions: the Mercosur Way
Mercosur aims to promote political integration and supranational governance
Mercosur includes a military alliance among South American countries
Mercosur is a regional trade bloc promoting economic integration
31
According to the concept of hegemonic stability theory, a hegemon provides stability in the international system by:
Designing the system in its own interests
Sharing its power equally with other states
Promoting cooperative institutions among states
Balancing power with other states
32
Early CW: Which Soviet figure proposed to counter Western influence ideologically, in contrast to Kennan's containment?
Nikita Khrushchev
Andrei Zhdanov
Joseph Stalin
Lavrentiy Beria
33
Which historical event is often referred in China as the beginning of its "Century of Humiliation"?
The Sino-Japanese War of the late 19th and early 20th centuries
The Opium Wars of the mid-1800s
The fall of the Qing Empire in 1912
The Chinese Civil War that ended in 1949
34
According to John Mearsheimer, bipolarity in the international system contributes to:
Formation of regional alliances and security blocs
Proliferation of nuclear weapons and arms races
Enhanced stability and reduced likelihood of major conflicts
Increased competition and instability among the two major powers
35
How does the EU function as a foreign policy actor?
Mainly as a military power, coordinating defense initiatives among members
A centralized decision-making body determines its foreign policy
The EU does not have a significant role in global affairs
Represents the will of the member states, with the HR playing key role
36
As of 2023, can China project its military power beyond its region?
Yes, like the US, China can already project its military power globally
It depends on the specific context and circumstances
No, China's military power is limited to neighboring region
China's military power is not relevant in today's global dynamics
37
The end of the Cold War led to:
A bipolar world order, only with China replacing the USSR
A multipolar world order, as before WWI
A balanced world order with the emergence of new Great Powers
A unipolar world order, although we are probably past the 'unipolar moment'
38
Which IR theory emphasizes the importance of non-state actors and complex interdependence?
Liberalism
Constructivism
Realism
Neoclassical realism
39
What is the principle of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in international relations?
State's obligation to intervene militarily in conflict to protect civilians
The duty of states to promote human rights and democracy worldwide
States' obligation to prevent conflicts through diplomacy & peaceful means
The commitment to support development in conflict-affected regions
40
The logic of appropriateness emphasizes decision-making based on:
Norms, values, and social norms
Power and material capabilities
Expected outcomes and consequences
Rational self-interest calculations
41
Francis Fukuyama's thesis about the "End of History" suggests that:
History is cyclical and repeats itself indefinitely
History reached its final stage with the triumph of liberal democracy
History is determined by economic factors
History is shaped by cultural and religious conflicts
42
The Afghan conflict during the CW, where U.S. supported resistance fighters against Soviet occupation, is an example of:
Asymmetric Warfare
A Proxy War
Peaceful Coexistence
The failure of Liberal peacebuilding
43
What does the term "ASEAN Way" refer to?
The guiding principles and norms that shape ASEAN's decision-making style
The dominant political ideology of ASEAN member states
The official language used in ASEAN meetings and communications
The economic policies implemented by ASEAN to promote regional trade
44
Why do we say post-2003 Iraq is a paramount example of the failure of externally-driven liberal peace?
Lack of security, services, and rebuilding undermined credibility
Failed to address social, economic, and institutional challenges
Led to power vacuum, sectarian conflicts, and rise of extremism in Iraq
Imposed Western-style democracy disregarded tensions and fractured society
45
Which of the following concepts relates to the expansion of a state's influence over space and territory?
The constructivist concept of Securitization
The Complex Interdependence theory in the liberal paradigm
The Power Transition theory in the realist paradigm
The concept of Geopolitics, most used in both realism and liberalism
46
Which external actor supports Assad in Syria to stop revolutions and break US hegemony in the region?
Russia
Iran
Turkey
Israel
47
The theory that a dominant power ensures stability by establishing rules and institutions is called:
Hegemonic Stability Theory
Balance of Power theory
Constructivism
Liberal Institutionalism
48
What is the purpose of the European Defense Agency?
Pool and share military equipment for increased effectiveness
Establish a European Army, as claimed by MEP Nigel Farage
Enhance EU's trade and aid policies
Conduct peacekeeping missions in conflict zones
49
According to liberalism, states focus on achieving:
Relative gains in comparison to other states
Power parity with other states
Balanced outcomes through cooperation
Absolute gains for themselves
50
How does the Sunni-Shia divide influence geopolitics in the Middle East?
It has no significant impact on regional dynamics
It fuels sectarian tensions and conflicts
It enhances regional cooperation and stability
It promotes religious tolerance and dialogue
51
What are some key characteristics shared by regionalism in the EU and the ASEAN?
Both prioritize military alliances and collective defense
Both prioritize economic integration and free trade
Both prioritize cultural homogeneity and identity preservation
Both prioritize political integration and supranational governance
52
What are the challenges faced by the EU in its external action?
Reluctance of member states to relinquish control over foreign policy
Member states have different interests with regards to some key issues
Lack of coordination among member states
Limited legal instruments for the Common Foreign and Security Policy
53
Which concept refers to framing a specific issue as a threat or national security concern?
Institutionalization of threats
Securitization
Normalization
Delegitimization
54
Which theory emphasizes the influence of the intl' structure, such as the distribution of power, on state behavior?
Neorealism
Liberalism
Realism
Constructivism
55
What is the key role of Iraq in the geopolitics of the Middle East and its position in the Sunni-Shia divide?
Iraq serves as a bridge between Sunni and Shia communities
Iraq's Shia majority and strategic location shape its regional significance
Iraq maintains diplomatic influence amid the Sunni-Shia divide
Oil wealth & geographic position contribute to its geopolitical importance
56
What are some key factors contributing to the complexity of the Israel-Palestine conflict?
Security concerns and threats
Settler colonialism and land expropriation
External involvement and geopolitical interests
Historical claims and narratives
57
Which of the following statements best describes security challenges in East Asia?
Weak institutionalization contributes to security challenges and tensions
EA's security challenges are primarily driven by external actors
High levels of institutionalization favor regional stability & cooperation
ASEAN has succesfully helped solve all territorial disputes in the region
58
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of today's conflicts?
Regular soldiers are very much the main actors
Use of child soldiers and war economies
Ethnicity is as a factor
Political-territorial disputes between states still exist
59
Which factor contributes to poverty in Africa by diverting resources and ravaging economies?
Overdependence on a single import
Lack of property rights and local entrepreneurship
Overdependence on a single export
Corruption and kleptocracies
60
Bandwagoning, in the context of international relations, refers to:
The formation of alliances among weak states to balance against the strong
Engaging in diplomatic negotiations to resolve conflicts peacefully
The pursuit of relative gains in power and influence among competing states
The adoption of policies and ideologies of a dominant state to gain benefit
61
The United States' engagement in Europe during the Cold War involved providing public goods. What is an example?
Trade restrictions to protect domestic industries
Economic aid for post-war reconstruction
Military occupation of Germany
Cultural exchange programs
62
In the field of international relations, Neoclassical Realism is considered to add explanatory power to Neorealism by:
Prioritizing military strength for security
Incorporating domestic factors and perceptions in the analysis
Emphasizing power distribution and capabilities
Highlighting the role of institutions and norms against systemic factors
63
According to Realism, which of the following is NOT a primary concern for states in an anarchical international system?
Security and survival
Promoting cultural dominance
Enhancing military capabilities
Maintaining a balance of power
64
What is a direct link between globalization and the rise of crime in Africa?
Due to the limited ability of states to deal with sovereignty-free actors
Enabling the proliferation of private security companies
Further weakened authority and control in fragile states
Facilitating global flows and deregulation of finance can make crime thrive
