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Biology Units 5-8 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Biology Units 5-8 Review
Biology Units 5-8 Review
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Review of DNA, Protein Synthesis, Cell Reproduction, Classification of Life, & Evolution
Flashcards
75 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
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Questions
75
Answers
1
What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA: UCAGGA
Leu-Lys
Ser-Pro
Ser-Gly
Stop-Cys
2
Type of cell that does mitosis
Gamete
Somatic
3
What is an substitution mutation?
Changing out of one or more bases of DNA (same # of bases)
Flipping of a section of DNA inside a chromosome
Addition of one or more bases into DNA
Removal of one or more bases into DNA
4
What sex chromosomes does a female have?
XY
XX
5
What sex chromosomes does a male have?
XY
XX
6
What trait is used to classify animal-like protists?
What cells they are made of
How they move
What they eat
Where they live
7
What are the stages of mitosis, in order?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase, Prophase
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Telophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Cytokinesis, Prophase
8
What phase is a cell in after cytokinesis (in mitosis)?
Prophase
Telophase
Interphase
Metaphase
9
What may happen if there is a mutation in the DNA code in a cell?
Insertion
Substitution
Evolution
Deletion
10
How many strands is DNA made of?
1
2
11
Where does DNA replication occur?
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplast
12
Which of the following describes Darwin's theory of natural selection?
Variation, Overproduction, Evolution, Adaptation
Overproduction, Selection, Variation, Adaptation
Evolution, Selection, Variation
Variation, Evolution, Selection, Overproduction
13
Which of the following shows the scientific name for humans written correctly?
homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
homo sapiens
homo Sapiens
14
What base is NOT found in RNA?
T
C
U
A
15
Where does transcription occur in a cell?
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Nucleus
Chloroplast
16
What is an insertion mutation?
Changing out of one or more bases of DNA (same # of bases)
Flipping of a section of DNA inside a chromosome
Removal of one or more bases into DNA
Addition of one or more bases into DNA
17
What enzyme is used to match up DNA bases during DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase
DNA helicase
Catalase
18
What is the difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles for viruses?
Only the lysogenic cycle kills the host cell
The lysogenic cycle kills the host cell quickly
Only the lytic cycle kills the host cell
The lytic cycle kills the host cell quickly
19
What are the daughter cells like genetically compared to parent cells in meiosis?
Exact copies
Genetically different
20
What stage of mitosis occurs after telophase?
Cytokinesis
Metaphase
Anaphase
Interphase
21
What is a frame shift?
Change in the number of bases in DNA->changes amino acids
Type of substitution mutation
Flipping of a section of DNA inside a chromosome
Change in the number of bases in DNA->does not change A.A.
22
Any substance that can cause a mutation in the DNA of a cell is called a(n):
transfusion
translation
carcinogen
chemotherapy
23
What kind of cells are organisms in the plant kingdom made of?
sickle
eukaryotic
prokaryotic
animal
24
What is the order of protein synthesis?
Protein-->RNA-->DNA
RNA-->DNA-->Protein
Protein-->DNA-->RNA
DNA-->RNA-->Protein
25
What is one of the main reasons that viruses are not classified as living things?
They cannot evolve
They cannot reproduce on their own
They do not breathe
They cannot respond to the environment
26
What is macroevolution?
Small-scale, slow changes to a population
Small-scale, fast changes to a population
Creating new species
Another way of saying natural selection
27
Why is mRNA necessary?
It's an extra copy of DNA instructions, in case it gets lost
It contains the anticodons for amino acids
DNA can't leave the nucleus so mRNA carries a copy
It makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made
28
What process occurs in meiosis that increases genetic diversity?
Crossing over
Evolution
Mutation
Translocation
29
What is directional selection?
Organisms split into 2 groups and become new species
Entire populations change traits in one direction
Population becomes more like the average
Reaching carrying capacity
30
What are the daughter cells like genetically compared to parent cells in mitosis?
Exact copies
Genetically different
31
What kind of cells are organisms in the protist kingdom made of?
animal
plant
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
32
What sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose
Dextrose
Deoxyribose
Glucose
33
Which two species are the most closely related?
Crocodiles and amphibians
Rodents and Primates
Sharks and amphibians
Birds and sharks
34
What stage of the cell cycle comes before prophase?
Interphase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Cytokinesis
35
What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis, as shown in the picture?
D, A, F, C, E, B
A, B, C, D, E, F
F, A, C, B, E, D
A, D, C, E, F, B
36
How many strands is RNA made of?
2
1
37
How many chromosomes are found in a human cell at the end of mitosis?
100
92
23
46
38
What is this type of reproduction (in bacteria) called?
Duplication
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction
Binary fission
39
Which of the following is NOT evidence for evolution?
Embyological structures and development
DNA similarities and differences
Adaptations
Homologous structures
40
Albinism is a recessive condition. What is the chance the two parents below will have an albino
75%
0%
25%
100%
41
What is the name for the shape of a DNA molecule?
Double helix
Triple helix
Single helix
Twisted polypeptide
42
What type of structure does the picture show?
Bacteria
Cell
Protist
Virus
43
What is the relationship between natural selection & the environment?
There is no relationship
The environment only changes when natural selection happens
Organisms that are fit change the environment to suit them
The environment determines which organisms are most fit
44
What sugar is found in DNA?
Dextrose
Ribose
Glucose
Deoxyribose
45
What is microevolution?
Small-scale changes to a population
Large-scale, fast changes to a population
Creating new species
Large-scale, slow changes to a population
46
What kind of cells are organisms in the animal kingdom made of?
prokaryotic
blood
plant
eukaryotic
47
What kind of cells are organisms in the eubacteria kingdom made of?
animal
plant
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
48
What enzyme is involved with the process of transcription?
Catalase
DNA polymerase
DNA helicase
RNA polymerase
49
What DNA sequence matches the following DNA sequence: AGTCCT
UCAGGA
TCAGGA
TGACCT
AGTCCT
50
What is the order of levels of classification, from broadest to most specific?
SGFOCPKD
GSDKPCOF
CODPKFSG
DKPCOFGS
51
What enzyme is used to 'unzip' the DNA?
Catalase
DNA helicase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
52
What is a deletion mutation?
Removal of one or more bases into DNA
Flipping of a section of DNA inside a chromosome
Changing out of one or more bases of DNA (same # of bases)
Addition of one or more bases into DNA
53
How do viruses reproduce?
Mitosis
Binary fission
Meiosis
Invasion of living cells, which reproduce virus parts
54
The picture shows what is left of what is a third eyelid in other organisms. This is called a:
Analogous structure
Embryological structure
Mutation
Vestigial structure
55
What is disruptive selection?
Population becomes more like the average
Reaching carrying capacity
Entire populations change traits in one direction
Organisms split into 2 groups and become new species
56
Mitosis produces what kinds of cells
4 diploid daughter cells
4 haploid daughter cells
2 diploid daughter cells
2 haploid daughter cells
57
What are the 3 types of protists?
Animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like
Bacteria-like, plant-like, fungus-like
Bacteria-like, plant-like, animal-like
Fungus-like, bacteria-like, animal-like
58
What kind of cells are organisms in the fungi kingdom made of?
plant
blood
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
59
Which kingdoms contain organisms that are heterotrophs?
All but bacteria
All kingdoms
All but plants
All but animals
60
What is stabilizing selection?
Organisms split into 2 groups and become new species
Entire populations change in one direction
Population becomes more like the average
Reaching carrying capacity
61
How many chromosomes are found in each (human) cell at the end of meiosis?
92
46
100
23
62
Process where a copy of DNA is made in the form of mRNA
Evolution
Transcription
Replication
Translation
63
What kingdoms contain organisms that are autotrophs?
Eubacteria, archaebacteria, plant, protist
Plant, animal, eubacteria, archaebacteria
Fungi, plant, eubacteria, protist
Fungi, animal, archaebacteria, protist
64
What type of bond holds amino acids together?
Hydrogen bonds
Water bonds
Peptide bonds
Ionic bonds
65
What mRNA sequence matches the following DNA sequence: ACTCCT
UGAGGA
ACTCCT
TGAGGA
TGUGGU
66
How many chromosomes (total) are there in human body cells?
92
100
23
46
67
Type of cell that does meiosis
Somatic
Gamete
68
Location where translation occurs
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
69
Meiosis produces what kind of cells?
2 diploid daughter cells
4 haploid daughter cells
2 haploid daughter cells
4 diploid daughter cells
70
What kind of cells are organisms in the archaebacteria kingdom made of?
animal
eukaryotic
prokaryotic
plant
71
Short, hair-like projections used for movement in some protitsts are called:
Flagella
Cilia
Pseudopods
Hairs
72
Process of taking the mRNA message and making a polypeptide chain
Evolution
Transcription
Translation
Replication
73
What base is NOT found in DNA?
T
C
A
U
74
Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm, used for movement, are called:
Cilia
Hairs
Pseudopods
Flagella
75
Location where transcription occurs
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Ribosome
