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The Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, and U.S. Government Flashcards | StudBud
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The Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, and U.S. Government
The Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, and U.S. Government
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1
To Rousseau, women were
constructed like a flower
head of the house
unknowable at all
not as capable as men
2
What is the name of the ten amendments to the U.S.Constitution that guarantee certain freedoms?
Preamble
Bill of Rights
Federalist Papers
Bill of Freedoms
3
Which celestial body did Copernicus believe was at the center of the universe?
Earth
Moon
Heaven
Sun
4
It was not all about philosophy and science, music was also impacted by Enlightened thought
True
False
5
John Locke’s ideas suggest that people were . . .
inherently self-centered.
molded by their experiences
born either good or evil.
naturally inclined to be stupid.
6
What is the
social contract
under Thomas Hobbes?
All of the Above
To escape a bad life, people give up their freedom for order
People are born with the right to life, liberty and property
People are born with natural rights.
7
_____________________ believed the universe was heliocentric
Baccaria
Ptolemy
Voltaire
Copernicus
8
Adam Smith advocated for _________ economy
laissez-faire
deism
natural economic laws
philosophes
9
Who was the first to argue that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe?
Johannes Kepler
Ptolemy
Nicholas Copernicus
Martin Luther
10
Factual data is ___________
false news
empirical
by the grace of God
Scientific method
11
The system where government limit and control each other in a system of checks and balances.
Separation of powers
Laissez-faire
Rationalism
Deism
12
Locke placed emphasis on the individual and their rights. He is known as the father of...
Conservatism
Liberalism
Republicanism
Oligarchy
13
Which government does Hobbes believe works best?
absolute monarchy
republic
oligarchy
democracy
14
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
Thomas Jefferson
George Washington
15
Denis Diderot...
wrote articles for the books on different subjects.
wrote a 28 set of books called the Encyclopedia.
was the first art critic.
All of these
16
Jean-Jacques Rousseau felt society...
placed too many laws/limitations on people's behavior.
would be best as an oligarchy.
would be best as an absolute monarchy.
was good as it was.
17
Which Enlightenment idea is represented by the image?
checks and balances
social contract
natural law
separation of powers
18
Written in 1651, Hobbes is the first to describe the social contract theory in this book.
Two Treatises of Government
The Social Contract
None of these
Leviathan
19
What document is the quote from?
Magna Carta
Mayflower Compact
Common Sense
Declaration of Independence
20
The opening section of the Declaration of Independence is known as what?
Constitution
Preamble
Grievances
Magna Carta
21
What was a key component to Kant's philosophy?
Everything is black and white. There are NO gray areas.
None of these
Men have the right to life, liberty, and property.
There ARE gray areas.
22
Montesquieu's ideas were used in the ____
Declaration of Rights of Man
Edict of Nantes
US Constitution
Study TONIGHT!!!
23
Rousseau came up with idea of 3 separate branches of government
True
False
24
egg-shaped orbit
geocentric
heliocentric
Ptolemaic
elliptical
25
In the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution, what is the meaning of the phrase "We the People"?
Gov. gets its power from the people and exists to serve them
Gov. gets taxes from the people and exists to support them
The people express their will through political parties.
The people express their will by directly creating laws.
26
Which celestial body did Ptolemy believe was at the center of the universe?
Earth
Sun
Heaven
Moon
27
What was the first country to grant diplomatic recognition to the new American state after the Revolutionary War?
Prussia
France
Spain
Austria
28
Thomas Hobbes believed man could rule himself and would make proper decisions for good of whole community
False
True
29
What form of democracy did John Locke believe would work best?
democracy
oligarchy
absolute monarchy
theocracy
30
America has a _______ form of government?
Communist
Republic
Fascist
Socialist
31
Which thinker introduced the idea of a separation of powers from effective government?
Thomas Jefferson
Baron de Montesquieu
Thomas Paine
John Locke
32
What modern right is included in this grievance?
Free Speech
Fair Trial
No Cruel or Unusual Punishment
Freedom of Religion
33
__________________ developed a philosophy based on the idea “I think, therefore I am”
Descartes
Voltaire
Bacon
Locke
34
_____________ was the commander in chief of the Continental Army.
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
George Washington
35
The Constitution created a ____ system, where power was shared between state and national govt.
federal system
deism
separation of powers
feudal system
36
The philosophies during the time of the Enlightenment would spread throughout Europe and...
Not this one.
Not this one.
to the Americas.
to Iceland.
37
What constitution was in place during the American Revolution?
U.S. Constitution
Articles of Confederation
Declaration of Independence
Bill of Rights
38
______________ argued that every person was born with a tabula rasa, or blank mind
Hobbes
Voltaire
Locke
Mozart
39
____ was well known for his criticism of Christianity and strong belief in religious toleration
Locke
Voltaire
Descartes
Montesquie
40
Who is the father of modern day encyclopedia?
Denis Diderot
Rene Descartes
John Locke
Francis Bacon
41
Which part of the U.S. Constitution states the six purposes of government?
Article IV
Preamble
Article I
Bill of Rights
42
________ believed members of a society should be forced to follow a social contract.
René Descartes
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Francis Bacon
George Frederick Handel
43
Thomas Hobbes believed life in the
state of nature
would be...
wonderful under a republic.
great.
wonderful under a democracy.
solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.
44
law of universal attraction
gravity
deism
geocentric
heliocentric
45
A republic is a _____ _________?
Rule of Law
Direct democracy
Representative Democracy
Self government
46
_____ developed laws of planetary motion and orbit
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Newton
Kepler
47
This was a tax put on the colonists on paper goods?
The Intolerable Acts
The Boston Tea Party
The Townshend Revenue Act
The Stamp Act
48
What is meant in this quote by "Consent of the Governed?"
Governments get their power from their wealth
Governments get their power from the people
The king had to follow a certain set of rules
The king's powers were limitless
49
The American nation’s first constitution was called the ..
Bill of Rights
Articles of Confederation
Constitution of the United States of America.
Rights of Man.
50
What section of the Declaration of Independence is this quote from?
Preamble
Grievances
Closing
51
Who figured out planets had an elliptical orbit, not circular
Isaac Newton
Johanne Kepler
Francis Bacon
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
52
Document? "We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal"
Declaration of Independence
U.S. Constitution
English Bill of Rights
Articles of Confederation
53
Montesquieu believed the best way to protect liberty was...
to have an absolute monarch.
to have a democratic republican king.
None of these
To divide the powers among three branches.
54
What is the
state of nature
?
All of the Above
Life with monarchs are rulers.
Life with laws and societies.
What life might have been like before societies existed.
55
Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet called _____ ____?
Common Sense
Magna Carta
Mayflower Compact
Two Treatises of Government
56
This German philosopher was the first to describe the Enlightenment era.
John Locke
Immanuel Kant
Thomas Hobbes
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
57
What is the term associated with an earth centered universe?
Heliocentric
Geocentric
Elliptical
Rationalism
58
John Locke believed people were molded by their _________.
experiences
God
blood type
compassion
59
What idea does this quote embody?
Everyone is born with natural rights
Living under a king makes people happy
It's important to support your country
Slavery was illegal in the colonies
60
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was known as the Father of...
Republicanism.
the Bride.
Democracy.
Liberalism.
61
Which documents addressed colonial concerns about English policies?
Mayflower Compact
U.S. Constitution
Bill of Rights
Declaration of Independence
62
What is the role of government, according to this quote?
To protect the rights of the noble class
To protect the power of the king
To protect the power of Parliament
To protect the rights of citizens
63
He was named the greatest genius of the Scientific Rev. for his Universal Law of Gravitation
Ptolemy
Kepler
Newton
Copernicus
64
If government fails to protect natural rights, what do the people have the right to do? (Locke)
People have the right to overthrow that government.
People can appoint a new king.
All of the Above
People have no rights.
65
Rousseau put his faith in the
general will
of people. He placed emphasis on the...
monarch.
democracy.
individual.
community.
66
Salons were places where women went to get their nails and hair done during Enlightenment
False
True
67
Hobbes argued people were _____ in the state of nature.
basically fair and reasonable
good, moral, and just
naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish
None of these
68
According to the Ptolemaic system,
the universe is a series of concentric spheres
the Earth revolves around the Moon
the Sun, Earth, and Moon all revolve around Saturn
the moon is the center of the universe
69
____________ was the first European to study stars using a telescope
Galileo
Kepler
Copernicus
Newton
70
Voltaire...
saw his books burned and outlawed.
was imprisoned and forced into exile.
continuously defended the principle of freedom of speech.
All of these
71
What Enlightenment Idea supports this quote?
Rule of Law
Checks and Balances
Separation of Powers
Social Contract
72
According to John Locke, which rights are guaranteed by natural law?
Life, liberty, and property
Freedom of worship and right to petition
Freedom of speech
Trial by jury
73
John Locke believed all people had natural rights and among them are the right to...
life, justice, and love.
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
be saved under an absolute monarchy.
life, liberty, and property.
74
This Enlightenment philosopher wrote about
Natural Rights?
Franklin
Locke
Jefferson
Montesquieu
75
What was a
philosophe
?
English philosopher
French philosopher
French aristocrat
French king
76
Common Sense was about?
Creating a more perfect union
Putting down Shay's Rebellion
Providing for the common defense
Declaring independence from Britain
77
_________ was the idea that the state should not interfere with the economy.
Deism
Ptolemaic System
Laissez-faire
Rationalism
78
What was the reason for the grievance section of the Declaration of Independence?
To explain why the colonists were declaring independence
To get England to agree to a peace treaty
To declare the natural rights of all people
To convince France to enter the Revolutionary War
79
What is not one of the 3 branches of government?
Judicial
Executive
Legislative
Military
80
Whose observations with the telescope indicated that planets had sustance?
Ptolemy
Smith
Voltaire
Galileo
81
What are the names of the two major political parties in the United States today?
Democratic and Republican
Socialist and Libertarian
Socialist and Republican
Democratic and Libertarian
82
interests of the Physiocrats and Adam Smith
natural economic laws
philosophes
laissez-faire
deism
83
What was the role of government under John Locke?
To be fair to people but not give them freedom
None of these
To rule over people with an iron fist
To protect natural rights, not take them away
84
Which two philosophers were from England?
Locke and Hobbes
Locke and Rousseau
Voltaire and Diderot
Diderot and Montesquieu
85
Like John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed people in their natural state were...
cruel, greedy, and selfish.
corrupt and greedy.
heartless and corrupt.
basically good. They were corrupted by the evils of society.
86
Montesquieu would have a huge influence on...
the United States Constitution.
None of these
the Declaration of Independence.
the French monarchs of the time.
87
Jefferson borrowed
"life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness"
from _________?
John Locke
Adams
Madison
Montesquieu
88
This Enlightenment philosopher wrote
seperation of powers
and
checks & balances?
Locke
Rousseau
Jefferson
Montesquieu
89
Who created the scientific method?
Mozart
Descartes
Kepler
Bacon
90
In Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a social contract, ________ .
women should be granted rights nearly equal to those of men
punishments are not exercises in brutality
the government should not interfere in economic matters
an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will
