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Earth Science Final Exam Review
Earth Science Final Exam Review
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Fall 2019
Flashcards
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1
On a HR diagram where do you find supergiants?
In the bottom left hand corner
Near the top of the diagram
In a strip going diagonally down
In the bottom right hand corner
2
Which of the following is an example of human impact on climate change?
global warming
greenhouse effect
changes in the tilt of axis
changes in solar output
3
what is mudflow
mud flowing around
Where big trucks drive though
Where pigs play
quickly moving downhill flow of soil containing water
4
Why is rising ocean temperatures of concern to us?
Loss of landmass
All of the above
Loss of coral and fish
Increased extreme weather incidents
5
The rust colored tint of the desert landscapes is the result of
flash flooding
mechanical weathering
the intense heat of the sun
chemical weathering
6
The effect a lake has in changing the weather nearby is called what?
Weather Effect
Lake Effect
Water Effect
Percipiation
7
Which of the following is the source of geothermal energy? (*think about the rock cycle)
very hot minerals deep underground
The splitting of atoms to release energy
steam that is created by pumping cold water over a hot spot
natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water
8
Which instrument is used to measure wind speed?
anemometer
thermometer
barometer
all of the above
9
Convection Currents are caused by ____
Heat
Pressure
Density
Volume
10
What does an ISOBARIC map show?
Temperature
Air pressure
Weather
Wind and its direction
11
A reduced vegetation on Earth results in...
more co2 in the atmosphere
increased habitats
less room for humans
more oxygen in the atmospher
12
How old is Earth?
16 million years
4.5 billion years
2 billion years
4.6 million years
13
What are examples of renewable resources?
Coal
Hydropower
Nuclear Power
Petroleum
14
What is the atmosphere?
All of the above
Whole mass of air surrounding Earth
Makes up all of the water on Earth
Located in the middle of the Earth
15
What does a HR diagram show?
Apparent magnitude against temperature
Size against temperature
Size against colour
Absolute magnitude against temperature
16
Resources that can be replenished over a relatively short time span are ____.
nonrenewable
fossil fuels
mineral resources
renewable
17
physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rocks chemical composition
mechanical weathering
differential weathering
chemical weathering
erosion
18
what is a fossil ?
dragon tails
trace/remains of an organism preserved in the earth's crust.
albert einstein
a brand name of watches
19
Our Sun is classified as a ______ star on the HR Diagram
Main Sequence
Gaint
White Dwarf
Supergaint
20
Earth's most dense layer is...
crust
mantle
core
asthenosphere
21
What type of front forms when the surface position of the front does not move?
occluded
warm
stationary
cold
22
What is the outermost layer of the Earth?
mantle
crust
outer core
inner core
23
Shoreline erosion and coastal flooding are two consequences of ______.
the greenhouse effect
global rise in sea level
volcanic eruptions
increased rates of evaporation
24
The lithosphere includes...
Inner core and outer core
Mantle and Outer core
Crust and upper mantle
Crust and inner core
25
Oxygen was probably formed in the early atmospher of Earth by:
photosynthetic organisms
volcanic eruptions
lightening
anaerobic bacteria
26
When two air masses meet it its called?
Front
Right SIde
Left Side
Back
27
How do the oceans affect air temperatures?
The oceans make the air drier.
Oceans help keep air temps steady.
They don't since the air is aove the water.
Oceans also make air temps cooler or warmer like the water.
28
Sand dunes are formed due to...
erosion
energy
deposition
weathering
29
Which layer of the atmosphere do we live in?
stratosphere
troposphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
30
Which layer of the atmosphere causes weather?
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
31
The hypotheses is tested extensively and competing hypotheses are eliminated, it becomes a
experiment
law
hypothesis
theory
32
Earth receives energy from the sun through what method of heat transfer?
radiation
none of these
conduction
convection
33
Which way does the temp increase on an HR diagram
Left
Down
right
Up
34
What does a red shift in light mean?
The object is moving closer to you
The object is getting warmer
The object is moving away from you
The object isn't moving
35
The majority of stars are found where on the HR diagram?
Giants
White Dwarfs
Super Giants
Main Sequence
36
The HR diagram uses a star's ____.
Size
Heat
All of these
Color
37
Which stars have the greatest red shift?
Stars in the nearest galaxy that are spinning
Stars closest to Earth where we can see them better
Stars farthest from Earth with the greatest speed
Stars nearest the Sun where light is more plentiful
38
Spectroscopy uses a light spectrum to...
none of these
see far away objects
identify the elements in stars
identify the elements in planets
39
Which of Steno's Laws tells us that intrusion D is younger than layer A?
Law of Lateral Continuity
Law of Superposition
Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships
Law of Original Horizontality
40
Cool air tends to....
be less dense, flow over warm air
be lifted up by dense warm air
be more dense, flow under warm air
mix easily with warm air
41
Which supports the Big Bang Theory?
The proportion of Hydrogen and Helium in the Universe.
How the Earth's ozone blocks most UV radiation from space.
The presence of Black holes.
The fact that we have not discovered life on other planets.
42
What evidence supports the theory of the Big Bang?
impact craters on Earth
blue shift from galaxies
cosmic background radiation
different compositions of the planets
43
The closer the isobars on a map are the ______.
Steeper the pressure gradient and stronger the winds
Shallower the pressure gradient and stronger the winds
Steeper the pressure gradient and weaker the winds
Shallower the pressure gradient and weaker the winds
44
Which elements were created in the Big Bang?
H and He
He and C
Au and Ag
45
What is the most commonly used source of energy in the world?
Fossil fuel
Oil
Coal
Solar power
46
The Earths Magnetic Fields Rarely Move
True
False
47
What do Cumulus clouds look like?
A wispy little cloud
A puff
A blanket
A tower
48
If these layers have not been overturned, what can you conclude about the age of the fossil?
It Is older than the shale
It is younger than the sandstone
It is older than the sandstone
It is younger than the shale
49
What phenomenon naturally warms Earth's lower atmosphere and surface?
changes in the shape of Earth's orbit
global warming
formation of sunspots
greenhouse effect
50
How do you classify a climate ?
By the daily news
By knowing weather that day
By the overall temperature of over 30 years
51
Which greenhouse gas is the most powerful absorber of radiation emitted by the Sun?
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
methane
water vapor
52
What is the source of Earths magnetic field?
Solar winds
Convection currents
The molten iron and metals in the core
Molten Rock/Magma
53
According to Steno's principles, what came last?
D
E
C
A
54
Hubble's Law says that...
galaxies further from us are moving faster away
Galaxies farther away are moving slower away
Galaxies do not move
Galaxies closer to Earth are moving faster away
55
The Hubble Constant measures...
How fast light travels through space
How fast space is expanding
How fast galaxies spin
Amount of Dark Energy in the universe
56
Which era spans the least amount of time on the geologic scale?
The time of Dinosaurs -- Mesozoic
The beginning of Earth --Precambrian
The current era in time -- Cenozoic
The time Earth was covered in water --Paleozoic
57
the dating process that places geologic events in proper sequence is referred to as a ____.
relative dating
radiometric dating
temporary dating
numerical dating
58
What type of front produces several hours of light to moderate precipitation over a region?
warm front
both warm and cold fronts
cold front
neither warm or cold fronts
59
What is the name of the process that matches up rocks of similar ages in different areas?
Indexing
superposition
succession
correlation
60
Hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere are the Earth's four major what?
layers
oceans
cookies
spheres
61
Which word has the definition, “a gas that absorbs heat energy and warms Earth’satmosphere”?
Greenhouse Frask
Greenhouse gas
Greenhouse House
Greenhouse Grass
62
What is the ultimate energy source for most wind?
Earth's rotation
tides
solar radiation
Earth's revolution
63
After a supernova or a planetary nebula, what happens to the leftover elements?
Aliens from Zorg harvest them
They float away in space, never to be seen again
They are recycled into more stars and planets
They are burned in the explosion
64
Which planets are Terestrial?
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune
Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus
65
Which layer has convection currents?
The Inner Core
The Outer Core
Mantle
The Crust
66
Climates get _____ as latitude and altitudes increase
hotter
colder
67
Who created the HR Diagram?
Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Russell
Russell Hertzsprung
Ejnar Russell and Henry Norris Hertzsprung
Henry Russell Hertzsprung
68
Which elements can stars produce while they are alive?
All of them
Only those up to carbon
Only helium
Only those up to iron
69
What is the function of the atmosphere's ozone layer?
shields Earth from harmful solar radiation
protects Earth from the sun's heat
provides the oxygen needed
removes pollution from the atmosphere
70
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
71
Isothermal means...
a drop in temperature
a thermal blanket
a constant temperature
the rise in temperature
72
What is one of the drawbacks to the extensive use of solar energy?
It is available only at night
Necessary equipment and installation are expensive
It is nonrenewable
It produces toxic pollution
73
In what part of the HR diagram do stars spend the most time?
Blue Giant
Red Giant
Main Sequence
White Dwarf
74
Why can the removal of vegetation trigger mass movements?
The plant roots binds the soil and regolith together
The shaking triggers mass movements
The plant roots lubricate the loose sediment
The soil loses nutrients and begins to crumble
75
Which of Steno's Laws tells us that layer B is older than layer A?
Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships
Law of Original Horizontality
Law of Lateral Continuity
Law of Superposition
76
Polar continental Air masses brings
clear and cold
cloudy and humid
super windy, even tornados
very cold and dry weather
77
The central region of an atom is called the____.
proton
electron
nucleus
neutron
78
The physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today have also operated in the past.
correlation
uniformitarianism
cross-cutting relationships
superposition
79
Elements heavier than iron can only be produced in a:
fusion
red supergiant
laboratory
supernova
80
Which area of the HR Diagram is
most
luminous?
D
A
E
C
81
thin, feathery, white clouds at high altitudes
stratus
cirrus
cumulus
numbus
82
air masses get their characteristics by their
wind direction
source regions
age and size
current location
83
What type of rocks would there be evidence of past life forms?
sedimentary rocks
metamorphic
volcanic rocks
igneous rocks
84
Maritime air masses form ______.
only in summer
over land
over water
only in winter
85
When 2 air masses meet, it's called a_______
latitude
front
atmosphere
air speed
86
What are the main elements of a star?
Aluminum and Nitrogen
Helium and Hydrogen
Lithium and Potassium
Iron and Copper
87
The greenhouse gas carbon dioxide helps to
maintain warmth near Earth's surface
increase precipitation in arid areas
deflect harmful radiation from space
form clouds in the atmosphere
88
What is a supernova?
The fate of every star
Explosion of an average star
Explosion of a massive star
Collapse of a star
89
What type of rocks are most fossils found?
sedimentary
granite and marble
igneous
metamorphic
