CNS Brain and Environs

fold of dura occurs at back of brain and divides the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum:

aggregation of blood factors, primary platelets and fibrin freq causing vascular obstruction at the point of formation:

the cistern located between the cerebellum and the medulla:

what artery supplies the superior portion of the cerebellum?

profound L hemineglect, L visual field and somatosens deficits; motor neglect w decreased volunt/spont initiation on L:

R pure motor hemiparesis of UMN; large infarcts may produce cortical deficits such as aphasia:

a sac formed by the dilation of the artery or vein:

L face and arm weakness of UMN; L hemineglect present to a variable extent:

location of traumatic rupture of middle meningeal artery due to temporal bone fx:

what artery supplies the anterior and inferior portions of the cerebellum?

area of coagulation necrosis in a tissue due to local ischemia resulting from obstruction of circulation to area:

traumatic event with vascular changes in primary arteries supplying the brain:

watershed zones are less susceptible to ischemia and infarction

events caused by arterial blood vessel changes w brief periods of noticeable neurologic changes:

meninges are the primary line of defense for the brain

patients are more at risk of a stroke with previous history of a stroke

dilation of ventricles from blocked CSF circulation, impeded CSF absorption, too much production:

damage to PICA/ vertebral a, ipsilat sensory loss of face, contralat sensory loss (pain/temp), ipsilateral ataxia UE/LE:

appears to be spider-like and adheres to the layer above it:

the innermost layer of the meninges is the:

lacunar syndrome: in thalamic nuclei (VPL, VPM):

vertebral-basilar artery syndromes are characterized by "4D's with crossed findings"

cortical stroke syndromes are the most common

sinuses are located in the dura mater and are important parts of the venous drainage system

what is the most common source of infarct?

fluent/wernickes aphasia, R visual field deficit; motor findings usually absent, pt may seem confused/crazy:

diff performing certain learned movements without loss of power, sensation, coordination- right cerebral hemisphere:

damage to AICA and basilar artery, ataxia of UE/LE, contralateral weakness, contralateral sensory loss:

ipsilateral gaze weakness, contralateral weakness of UE/LE pyramidal tract damage:

contains bridging veins that drain into venous sinuses:

what artery supplies the pons?

the exit from the 4th ventricle to the spinal cord medially:

contralateral weakness of UE/LE, ipsilateral lateral gaze weakness, ipsilateral weakness of face:

what artery supplies the internal ear?

sx include headache, nausea, bradycardia, hypertension, and loss of consciousness as well as papilledema:

basilar a, vertebral a, and ant spinal a involved - contra weakness UE/LE, sensory loss, ipsilateral tongue weakness:

sudden blocking of artery by clot or foreign material which has been brought to its site of lodgement by blood current:

the location from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle:

L pure motor hemiparesis, hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, homonymous hemianopia, hemineglect,

the most delicate layer and adheres directly to brain tissue; follows each gyrus/sulci and adheres to spinal cord:

bilateral weakness of UE, LE, face, lateral gaze weakness, dysarthria:

the exit from the 4th ventricle to the spinal cord laterally:

R face and arm weakness of UMN; nonfluent/brocas aphasia:

L pure motor hemiparesis with UMN; large infarcts produce cortical deficits such as L hemineglect:

contains major arteries of brain and CSF:

results in pressure onto corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts which results in increased weakness:

what artery supplies the medial surface of the hemispheres and around the corpus callosum?

caused by bleeding into CSF; common symptom is a severe headache:

loss of language - left cerebral hemisphere:

the location from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle:

any increase in size of any structure such as diffuse cerebral edema, tumors, hemorrhage, obstruction of CSF:

R motor hemiparesis, hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, homonymous hemianopia, and global aphasia; often L gaze preference:

initially asymptomatic but within hours have increased ICP, herniation, and death due to rupture of middle meningeal a:

carotid stenosis is most associated with what arterial symptoms:

UMN weak, cortical sensory loss affect contra LE; dom stroke leads to transcortic motor aphasia; non dom contra neglect

lacunar syndrome: in posterior limb of internal capsule or basis pontis or pryamids:

circle of willis is compromised by two internal carotid, anterior and posterior comm arteries, ACA and PCA

what artery supplies the lateral surface of the hemispheres as well as the globus palladus and caudate nucleus?

contralateral weakness of UE/LE, ipsilateral gaze weakness, ipsilateral weakness of face:

watershed zone - blood supply by 2 adjacent cerebral arteries are compromised lead to prox arm and leg weakness

the ventricular system is formed from the neural plate that becomes the neural tube

lacunar syndrome: in genu of internal capsule or basis pontis:

CSF is produced when necessary and circulates by a pressure gradient

results from occlusion to small penetrating arteries:

only water-soluble components can pass the brain capillaries

rupture of bridging veins that are susceptible to shear forces; may be acute or chronic:

brainstem strokes involve coma, lesion of CN, descending motor, or ascending sensory

falx cerebri and tentorium can cause damage to brain tissue when head is moved/stopped quickly

what cells produce CSF and assist in movement of their cilia:

what artery supplies circulation to the cerebellum, medulla, and thalamus?

the flow of fluid is lateral ventricle -> 3rd ventricle -> 4th ventricle

contra homo hemianopia; small vessels lead to contra sens loss, contra hemiparesis - to thal and internal cap = aphasia

fold of dura that extends into the longitudinal fissure separating the R and L hemispheres:

loss of ability to recognize the importance of sensory stimuli:

lacunar syndrome: of internal capsule, basis pontis, red nucleus into cerebral peduncles