Ch. 1-18 Review

The primary air quality statute in the United States is the:

Envir. force of unknown origin that provides the energy for events is known as historical force

The organized labor was the strongest supporter of the industries

This institution combines capital & labor/encourages risk/continuity beyond individuals

The president nominates two out of the five commissioners of the Federal Trade Commission.

Which of the following is NOT an ideology that facilitated the Industrial Revolution?

Training is the key to communicating ethics and compliance knowledge

_____ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in any aspect of employment

NGOs are a major force in the ways that government and business operate

Which of the following is a category used by the HDI to measure the development of nations?

The United States is not a party to the Kyoto protocol

_____ is a situation when submission to sexual activity is required to get or keep a job.

Norms of compensatory justice require that fair criteria be used to assign benefits and burdens

One way to characterize the cost of regulation is to calculate its total dollar cost

Most mission statements center on profits and products

Which of the following agencies acts against housing and loan discrimination

Strategic initiatives where the firm seeks to profit from solving a social problem are an EX of

Which of the following believed that both good and evil were a natural part of human nature?

"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is the basic tenet of the

__ is a polling process in which ppl are asked to put a dollar amount on some aspect of nature

When an implied covenant of good faith is breached, the employer's ability to fire is limitless

This institution makes economic policy/checks and balances business power.

The ability of a business to influence government is called

Which of the following are responses to competitive forces in markets?

The conventionalist ethic is a thin justification for questionable behavior by managers.

When businesses give money to candidates and lobby legislation, they are attempting to use:

Which of the following federal agencies was established in 1966 to set highway safety standards

When a company assesses its social impact on society, it has performed a(n):

The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs

No matter what the source of a code of conduct, the target is the corporation

Different countries have the same ethical values

Identify the tier that is a part of internationalization

Laws that prohibited stores from opening on Sundays were called

When a company indulges in charity, it is said to be undertaking a

The typical MNC is international rather than national

All of the following are ex of environ performance indicators in the triple bottom line EXCEPT

When a factory dumps toxic waste into a stream, it results in a(n) _____ cost for society.

Which of the following is NOT an element of the regulatory options spectrum

grant of stock w/ restrictions on transaction that are removed when specified condition is met

What is the main focus of the Dodd-Frank Act

For corruption to exist there must be both demand and supply

Direct interaction with gov officials or staff through meetings, phone calls, or e-mails is

Voluntary regulation is used when the political will for stringent command rules is present.

A _____ is the sequence of coordinated actions that add benefit to a product or service.

All corporate cultures have ethical dimensions

The National Pollution Discharge Elimination System is the permit system used to regulate:

This is an environmental force acting as a catalyst forcing distinct chains of events.

The strength to act or to compel another entity to act is called power.

Laws that prohibit retail stores from being open for business on Sundays are called blue laws.

When an action of a comp goes above &beyond what is required by gov regulations, it is called a

Natural rights are

The _____ is authorized to inspect meat, poultry, and eggs

During the 1960s and 1970s, national politics became dominated by a conservative agenda.

Product liability:

A set of reinforcing beliefs and values that constructs a worldview is called a(n):

The institution imparts values/habits/norms in family/religious/educational institutions

Corporate philanthropy is a large part of overall private philanthropy in the U.S. every year

A discrete source of discharge such as a factory, mine, ship, or pipeline is known as a(n):

The estimated burden of disease caused by pollution is calculated as the percentage of deaths &

The large cohort of workers born between 1946 and 1964 are known as:

A form of gov. requiring popular sov., political liberty, and majority rule is the androcracy.

A(n) _____ is a government entity that invests the savings of a nation

When a manager "cuts corners" by acting in questionable ways, he/she is acting according to the

Which of the following is NOT an example of an ecosystem service

Values based on assumptions of security and affluence are known as _____ values.

economic policy of lowering tariffs and other barriers to encourage trade and investment is

Carcinogen is an agent capable of initiating cancer

Which principle states that a manager will act ethically if the good effects outweigh the evil?

Sustained econ. growth arose in W. Europe and the U.S. during the first half of the 20th cent.

The study of which actions are "right" and which actions are "wrong" is called

Which of the following is true regarding the modern nation-state?

World Bank and IMF loans usually go to developing countries.

The just price

Jeremy Bentham developed the idea of _____ as a guide to ethics

A/an _____ is a model of the methods an organization can use to achieve certain goals.

practice of a corp publishing info about its econ, social, and environ performance is known as

Which of the following is true about guidance

_____ is Latin for "let the buyer beware"

Kinds of decisions made form a part of

Usually, CEO pay is determined by managerial power

Adam Smith's vision of _____ capitalism defined the essence of economic liberalism.

Economic activity is a geophysical force with power to change the natural environment.

Which of the following products is regulated by the CPSC?

Although the global pop growth is slowing, it will be the highest in the most developed regions

When a corporation aligns its charitable strategy with its business strategy, it is known as:

Basic agreement between business & society defining broad duties to retain support of society

When companies dominate an industry, they may engage in unfair or destructive competition.

Social globalization is based on

An express advocacy communication that is not coordinated with a candidate is known as a(n):

Which of the following is true regarding the executive agency

process of deciding what action to take regarding specific risks is called hazard assessment

The legal authority for corporate managers and directors is derived from the

Protectionism is principally an economic issue

When a company signs a DPA or NPA it is indicted

The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Act

Ethical intuition is a form of social intuition

Most shareholders follow management's voting recommendations

Which is NOT a part of the six environmental forces that create turbulence in the workplace

unwritten beliefs about the nature of the company and what behaviors bring success are called

Workplace fatalities have declined after the creation of the

Money that raised &spent under the strict contribution limits &rules in fed election law is

Which of the following is true regarding the implications of the current population trend?

attempting to establish a ling b/t a substance and human disease is called:

When ready, rules in their final wording are printed in the:

Change in bus. envir. is the work of 10 deep historical forces or streams of related events

The political reform movement that arose among U.S. farmers in the late 1800s was the:

Agreements reached under GATT were incorporated in the WTO

"Your right to swing your fist ends where my nose begins" is a colloquial version of the

Superfund refers to a federal program that was set up in 1980 to clean up toxic waste sites.

Corporations are formed under national incorporation laws

The term Chicago School is synonymous with

The rightful use of business power is called

The sector of occupations that add value to manufactured goods is known as the service sector

All of the following countries are part of NAFTA except

Classical ideology focused solely on the _____ circle of social responsibility

According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, criminal violations can lead to fines of up to:

Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly & more adaptable

Formulas for CEO compensation are almost universally focused on attaining:

An enduring belief about which fundamental choices in personal and social life are "correct" is

The World Bank is an example of which force in globalization?

During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church:

Which of the following is true regarding natural rights

Which of the following is the largest and most powerful peak association in the United States?

This economic policy encourages foreign trade via relaxed trade restrictions and regulations

Corporate actions have an impact on society at two levels

Which of the following is a competitiveness goal

The idea that character development is the wellspring of ethical behavior is known as the:

The international effort to develop uniform standards for company reports is called the:

Corporate charters specify the rights and responsibilities of all of the following EXCEPT:

In Japanese industries, a community firm is a company that

Which requires that affirmative action payment be made to make up for past wrongs

To be effective performance goals must be general and progress toward them should be measurable

Most U.S. companies have a written code of ethical conduct

Which of the following statements about the laissez-faire concept is true?

Directors who are not employees of the company are

Which state charters the largest number of corporations in the United States

Risk management decisions are based on the social sciences—law, economics, politics, and ethics

Rights have corresponding duties associated with them

Which is a legal defense that a company can use to fight a disparate impact charge?

In the United States, company charters are granted by the federal government

The force to act or to compel another person or entity to act is called:

_____ actions are initiatives required either by government regulation or civil regulation

Executives are more often prosecuted than corporations, though harder to convict

During industrialization

After 1974, subcommittees could hold hearings on any subject they wished

A set of economic policies prescribed to correct flaws in a national economy is known as:

stockholders:

Research suggests that in heavily regulated labor markets

FDI is an example of which force in globalization?

Which of the following abolished slavery

The 80 percent rule is the statistical test to measure disparate impact

Corporate social responsibility has a definite, universal meaning

primary motive of companies investing in LDCs is getting an adequate return on capital invested

__ is an emphasis on material objects that displaces spiritual, aesthetic, or philosophical val

A __ society is one that has multiple groups and institutions through which power is diffused

Which of the following sectors includes fishing and forestry occupations?

_____ refers to a society that is ruled by the wealthy

Aristotle's idea that "virtue requires moderation" is an essential part of the

Cost-benefit approaches compromise ecosystems deserving absolute, not conditional, protection

The Montreal Protocol set timetables to phase out worldwide

Command-and-control regulation

Atmospheric gases that absorb energy radiated from earth, decreasing its release into space are

Emissions trading programs are also known as:

The study of good and evil, right and wrong, and just and unjust actions in business is called:

Top managers are the strongest influence on the integrity of the company's managers.

The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. constitution

The set of values, norms, and rules that define a company are called

The ability of businesses to influence the laws of the society in which they operate is called:

The pay of top corporate officers is set by the board of directors

Which of the following is a Japanese word denoting death from the stress of overwork?

The transfer of work from a domestic to a foreign country, or to a foreign supplier is called:

The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote

In the United States, the Progressive movement was the first movement to protect the consumers.

The modern impetus for this theory comes from the sociologist C. Wright Mills.

At most companies CSR is still incidental, and rarely supplemental, to core business strategies

The uniform currency used by the European Union (EU) is called the:

The tendency of an individual to use immoral, manipulative behavior in a group is known as

This is an agreement negotiated in 1991 among Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Checkbook philanthropy is an active approach to philanthropy

The substitution of revenues from taxes on pollution for revenues from taxes on productivity is

Presidents have formal control over rulemaking by independent agencies

At most companies the chairman of the board is the CEO, giving him/her a dual role.

yellow dog contract was a type of employer-employee agreement according to which workers would

Which of the following is true regarding salarymen

Globalization has been the official policy of the United States throughout most of its history

Unlike Euro. peasants, Amer. farmers owned their land and this turned them into capitalists

__ refer to 6 natural substances that in large quantities cause the degradation of air quality

Corp cult values found in documents such as mission statements and codes of ethics are known as

Identify the Act that prohibits consideration of econ factors in the decision to list a species

which of the following is discrimination in favor of protected groups benevolent of intention

A set of reinforcing beliefs and values that constructs a worldview is known as an ideology.

A policy of national self-sufficiency and economic independence is called

The Roman Catholic Church exhorted the merchants to charge a _____ price for their wares.

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was based on the _____ Amendment

The employees of a business are a part of its external environment.

The transfer of work from within a company to an outside supplier is known as out-tasking.

_____ is the idea, arising in the Enlightenment, that human beings are ends in themselves.

Affirmative action complemented the ideal of

A strategy is a basic approach, method, or plan for achieving an objective

Almost all FDI comes from

The virtue ethic states that ethical behavior arises from the virtues within one's character

Companies can manage their responses to social pressures by moving through a process of:

Which of the following is true about typical MNCs

Milton Friedman

Which of the following is an internal business environment?

According to the Gini index, the cause of most of the rise in world income inequality is a(n):

Which of the following statements about compensation of outside board members is true?

Values based on assumptions of security and affluence are known as postmaterialist values.

After 1974, subcommittees

The Global Compact

_____ regulations do not require legal compulsions or sanctions

Mandated actions go beyond those compelled by law or regulation

limited, speculative purchase of stocks &bonds of a foreign comp by individuals or mutual funds

Demo. factors explain a lot about what individual qualities are associated w/ ethical behavior

Any large multinational corporation will follow only a single code

The top management of a company sets the tone for the company's social goals

_____ advocacy presents a political view or comment on an electoral race

Which of the following is most likely to drive future population changes?

Which of the following is an emerging form of philan that uses market forces to achieve results

This doctrine propounds that gov should protect business interests from foreign competitors

idea that a manager simply "knows" the difference b/t right &wrong actions is fundamental to

Exposure assessment establishes a link between a substance and human disease

Which of the following is an example of a speculative technique?

All of the following ratios are used to compute the TNI EXCEPT

When a company gives monetary gifts to society in order to advance social welfare, it is called

Identify the corporate culture level that encompasses formal statements of belief and intention

A manufacturer can be held liable for a breach of express warranty but not implied warranty.

Transportation is an example of which force in globalization

The two basic methods of proving a substance dangerous are

The Golden Rule of ethics is: "Justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger."

What did the third wave of federal workplace regulation deal with

Compensatory justice requires inequitable compensation to victims

The countervailing forces model states that society is governed primarily by economic forces.

A(n) ____ cost is a production cost not paid by a firm or its custs., but by members of society

Constitutional support has no role in encouraging pluralism

Rights are an absolute doctrine with definite limits

According to the U.S. Sentencing Commission's Guidelines Manual, if criminal conduct occurs

____ values are the central beliefs that guide decisions and reside deep in a company's culture

A government document that creates a corporation and defines its authority is called a:

Standards of ethical behavior were arguably clearer in ancient Greek civiliz. than they are now

Utilitarianism protects both individual needs and community needs equally

The three elements of social responsibility are

Which doctrines defined the legal relationship between a consumer and other parties to a sale

Within a pluralistic society, the auth. entity has an overriding power over all other entities.

Regular employees who are expected to remain with the firm forever are known as datsusara.

According to a long-range 2050 projection of the American labor force

The duty of a corporation to avoid harm to the assets of a community is called

In which of the following models do business and government govern the great mass of people?

Which of the following is a measure of social globalization

A contract in which the seller guarantees the nature of the product is known as a(n):

Soft law creates binding obligations for corporations

Lobbyists often meet w/ a legislator's staff and sometimes work with them to draft legislation.

In terms of GRI indicators, which of the following is an economic performance indicator?

What are the two broad areas of business involvement in politics?

Which of the following situations contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

All of the following are a part of global production EXCEPT

The main purpose of this code is to boost economic growth of its members by expanding trade

Sexual harassment is illegal under

There is no specific part of the brain that makes ethical decisions

In 2009, U.S. charitable giving was about $304 bill The largest proportion of this was given by

What's right or wrong in a busi decision involving ethical concerns is always a clear decision

All of the following are frequently used types of stock awards EXCEPT

At most companies CSR is still ___, and largely ___, to core business strategies

Which of the following is used as a statistical test to measure disparate impact

Rights that are given to citizens by their government are called:

Acid rain is caused primarily by two air pollutants, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.

Activity in the environmental sphere is the primary force for change.

The four cardinal virtues identified by Plato are justice, temperance, courage, and:

burden of regulation can be measured or characterized by all of the following methods EXCEPT

Which level of corporate cult. includes both physical expressions of cult. & visible behaviors?

_____ is a form of government requiring popular sov, political liberty, and majority rule.

Measuring the benefits of fed regul. is easier than calculating the costs of these regulations

The econ & pol factors within a society affect an individual's chances for justice to be served

_____ is the ethical philosophy of the greatest good for the greatest number.

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 protected the blacks against

Which of the following is true regarding the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)?

Each of the five tiers of internationalization is seen as all of the following EXCEPT

All of the following are ex of economic performance indicators in the triple bottom line EXCEPT

A gov in which powers are divided between a central gov and subdivision gov is called a(n):

scientific process of discovering & weighing the dangers posed by pollutants is risk assessment

Which of the following statements about historical forces is true?

As a first step in implementing corporate social responsibility, a corporation should

The ability of businesses to influence the values and habits of people in a society is called:

One disability-adjusted life year (DALY) equals one lost year of healthy life

_____ is an econ phil of active state intervention to stabilize the econ & stimulate employment

Manufacturing, mining, and construction are a part of the _____ sector.

Salarymen are

What method does the EPA use to calculate the value of a statistical life

The Equal Protection Clause has been interpreted to give the fed gov wide power to regulate bus

Intense competition between corporations works to bring consumers

Which part of the U.S. Constitution gives the federal government the right to regulate business

What are the two kinds of warranties

Skeptics call cause-related marketing "conservation philanthropy"

Rights to life are an example of

Under which of the following forces of globalization does environmentalism come

Which is a less preferred name, compared to the others, for a multinational corporation

Governments advance corporate responsibility mainly with binding national regulation.

Which of the following is a part of the tiers of internationalization

Acid rain is caused primarily by two air borne pollutants

The network of human relations consisting of ideas, institutions, and material things is a(n):

According to new Progressives

The debasement of integrity for money, position, privilege, or other self-benefit is termed as:

These are vital to markets.

Natural selection is the evolutionary basis of ethics

This institution mobilizes capital for saving, borrowing, and lending.

Which of the following is a worker protection goal

Leadership from the top is critical for the success of diversity management programs.

Which of the following models describes business as responding primarily to economic forces

The two elements that determine the CSR orientation of a firm are its business model and its:

According to ____, rich people and dominant companies are morally superior

The countervailing forces model accepts absolute primacy of business like the dominance one.

The public generally believes a business has social responsibilities beyond making a profit.

Which of the following wields an important influence on corporate decisions?

The Gini index ranges between:

There is no single formula for social responsibility that fits all companies

Which enacted new regulations on auditing, financial reporting, and legal compliance?

The _____ sector is considered to add value to manufactured goods

In the American society, the _____ were the first businesses to require modern mgmt structures.

Even without making direct investments in a nation, powerful MNCs can shake its economy.

Corporations should try to internalize adverse costs of production borne by society.

Usually, CEO pay is determined by

Predictable and strong forces in a pluralistic, free market society limit business power.

entity headquartered in 1 country that does bus in 1 or more foreign countries is called a(n):

Even as nations' nontariff barriers have generally fallen, tariffs have multiplied

In terms of a company's social report, the opposite of transparency is opacity

Great Britain was the first society to usher in the Industrial Revolution.

After publication in the _____ final regulations are codified in the

The single measure that best captures the activity and power of MNCs is portfolio investment

statistical survey of human mortality &morbidity in a sample population is called a(n) __ study

The Global Compact is a code of conduct that enforces its principles

The transfer of work from a domestic to a foreign location is known as offshoring

statement of how a business will create value by selling something in the marketplace is called

The practice of harnessing market forces to motivate compliance with regulatory goals is

The basic statute for fighting water pollution in the United States is the

Aristotle argued that the end justified the means

With regard to MNCs in the United States:

Which Act was passed by Congress in 2008 to restore financial stability?

In the dominance model, the "market" acts as a buffer between business and nonmarket forces.

A company that uses business necessity as a justification must

The _____ Amendment of the U.S. constitution prohibited race discrimination in voting.

Milton Friedman, his colleagues, & their free market ideas came to be called the Chicago School

In the Gini index, 0 % stands for absolute inequality and 100 % stands for perfect equality.

The pluralist theory of business power was supported by Karl Marx.

Which is NOT a part of the principles of good regulation set forth by the World Bank?

Compensation of these directors is determined by compensation committees on boards.

The agricultural sector is the most dominant sector in the United States

Thorstein Veblen argued that in the new industrial society, people earned their status by:

The theory of land ethic

Identify the force of globalization that comes under "ideas."

Which of the following is true regarding the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Externalities are costs of production borne by the enterprise that causes them

This has been the official policy of the United States since the end of World War II

In 2009, Congress gave the FDA power to

Rules of corporate governance adopted by corporations are called

During World War II, support for business rebounded in the United States

Ethical perfection is factual and real

Which of the following is a major reason for diffusion & decentralization of power in the gov

Illegal gratuity refers to an agreement to exchange something of value for an official act.

A _____ is a decree issued by an agency to implement a law passed by Congress

Which of the following is true regarding the progressive movement?

This is a part of the tiers of internationalization

_____ is an economic policy of lowering tariffs and other barriers to encourage trade.

Plutocracy refers to a society that is ruled by the wealthy

A concern with stakeholder theory is it is not always clear on what a legitimate stakeholder is

In terms of a company's social reports, the opposite of _____ is

Which of the following sectors includes jobs in retailing, transportation, and health care?

Governments cannot grant or take away _____ rights

A _____ is a group representing the interests of an industry or industry segment

The largest source of carbon monoxide is electric utilities burning coal and oil

A group that represents the political interests of many companies and industries is called a:

Job descriptions that include sustainability duties encourage accountability

All of the following are governmental forces of globalization EXCEPT

Risk management decisions are based on the

This form of government requires popular sovereignty/political liberty/majority rule

technique of generating pub support for the position of a company, industry, or any interest is

A Web site open to collaborative editing by multiple individuals is known as a blog.

Which of the following statements regarding the Gini index is true?

During the 19^th century, the Anti-Saloon League

Which of the following is considered to be the bedrock of economic globalization?

Global income inequality is measured by the Lorenz index.

Technology that is developed on the scale of one-billionth of a meter is known as:

The Group of Eight has now expanded and is currently known as

Which of the following is a characteristic of a democracy?

Human rights are an example of which force in globalization

Which of the following are also called articles of incorporation

The FDA has the authority to

Which of the following is NOT an element of risk assessment

Which of the following acts outlawed the yellow dog contracts

Corporations have internal environments that shape their actions.

The grounds of legitimacy of business power are the same in all societies.

Evidence suggests that the sensitivity of neural pathways is based on learning and

The First Amendment is an amendment to the Constitution added in 1791 as part of the:

A _____ effluent is a runoff that enters surface waters from diffuse sources

Despite its shortcomings, a compelling argument in favor of the stakeholder model is that:

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that

Which Act makes it illegal for U.S. citizens anywhere in the world to bribe foreign officials?

A tax or duty charged by a government on goods moved across a border is known as a:

In the _____ model, the _____ acts as a buffer between business and non-market forces.

In global production, a value chain can span two or more countries

The large cohort of workers born between 1946 and 1964 are known as the baby-bust generation.

__ exists on a wide spect. ranging from coercion at one extreme to weak influence at the other

A warranty is a contract in which the seller guarantees the nature of the product

The application of one nation's laws within the borders of another nation is known as:

In case of ____, the action might have been or might be taken even in the absence of the gift

Most companies focus on an ethics approach to prevent wrongdoing than on a compliance approach

Risk decisions are based solely on science

Participation in affinity groups decreases an individual's sense of isolation in a work culture

Directors who are employees of the company are called independent directors

Which of the following acts guaranteed union organizing and bargaining rights

When managers are convicted of a crime, their prison sentences are based on a(n)

Which of the following is true regarding the Interstate Commerce Commission

Most multinational corporations (MNCs) are

All of the following are ex of social performance indicators in the triple bottom line EXCEPT

The first wave of federal workplace regulation established

A company's charitable contributions are not tax-deductible

The BGS field is the study of this environment and its importance for managers.

Aristotle defined material possessions and money as:

Backdating is granting options shortly before good news causes a share price rise.

ethical principle that requires punishment to be evenhanded &proportionate to transgressions is

A _____ price is determined by interaction of the supply and demand w/out any moral dimension

Risk is the probability that harm will occur &is typically measured on a scale that ranges b/t

Gases that evaporate from liquid or solid carbon-based compounds are known as condensibles.

The average board of directors has five members and this has not changed for many years.

The Living Planet Index measures the human consumption of the renewable natural resources.

The Human Development Index scale ranges from:

A policy is a decree issued by an agency to implement a law passed by Congress

Which of the following refers to a basic approach, method, or plan for achieving an objective?

Only developed countries have been receptive to free market ideas

Which of the following statements about the Industrial Revolution is true?

A tort is a private wrong committed by one person against another person or his/her property.

The ecosystem is home to multiple biospheres

The most widely used index measure of a corporation's "multinationality" is called the:

A treated or untreated wastewater discharge from an industrial facility is known as a(n):

The _____ protects the right of business to organize and press its agenda on the government.

__ are those social issues/impacts related to factors that influence success in the marketplace

The structures/processes in a society that authoritatively make and apply policies/rules are

The laws of the United States have been shaped by the consequences of the industrial activities

Which of the following agencies sets the drinking water standards?

What is the primary focus of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

__ is the process of removing or reducing the body of control covering an industry

The popular theoretician of the rising American capitalist spirit was Adam Smith

This is an economic ideology based on private ownership, free competition, & limited government

Sexual harassment is illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1957

The first national movement that sprung up with the aim to protect consumers was the:

According to the radical Progressives, corp. social responsibility is an insufficient doctrine