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Professor Egbo
Professor Egbo
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Questions
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Answers
1
What does P.A.D. stand for in medical terminology?
Peripheral Artery Disease
Pulmonary Arterial Dilation
Post-Acute Disorder
Primary Aortic Dissection
2
What is a patient’s pH when they have hyperkalemia?
7.45
7.2
7.35
7.5
3
What do you
NOT
teach a patient with heart failure?
Signs and symptoms of worsening heart failure
Importance of regular physical activity as tolerated / medication adhering
Avoiding all forms of fluid intake
Importance of adhering to a low-sodium diet
4
Which of the following strategies is most effective in preventing pneumonia in patients?
Increasing fluid intake only when symptoms arise
Encouraging deep breathing exercises and incentive spirometry
Restricting mobility to prevent falls
Administering antibiotics prophylactically
5
What is this?
Normal Sinus
Peaked T Wave
ST Elevation
Prominent U
6
Which of the following methods is
NOT
typically used to assess for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?
Assess color of extremities
Doppler Ultrasound
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Physical Examination of Pulses
7
which of the following are clinical manifestations of tuberculosis (TB)?
Fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Abdominal pain and diarrhea
Skin rash and itching
Joint pain and swelling
8
What is this?
Peaked T Wave
Normal Sinus
ST Elevation
Prominent U
9
Which of the following is a recommended treatment for hyponatremia?
Administering hypotonic fluids
Increasing sodium intake through diet
All of the above
Restricting fluid intake
10
Which of the following medications are commonly used to treat hypokalemia?
Potassium chloride
Furosemide
Magnesium sulfate
Sodium bicarbonate
11
Which laboratory findings are indicative of fluid volume deficit?
Decreased serum sodium and decreased urine output
Increased hematocrit and increased serum sodium
Increased hematocrit and decreased urine specific gravity
Decreased hematocrit and increased urine specific gravity
12
Which diet considered the best for managing asthma symptoms?
High-Protein
High Caloric Diet
High - Fat
Balanced diet / avoiding known triggers
13
What condition are these symptoms? Dyspnea, productive cough, fever, abnormal lung sounds?
Heart Failure
Covid-19
Pneumonia
14
What is the typical acid-base status observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
15
When a healthcare provider orders fluid restriction for a patient, which of the following diagnoses is most likely?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Hypertension
Congestive Heart Failure
Diabetes Mellitus
16
A Mediterranean Diet is beneficial for a patient with COPD.
False
True
17
Which laboratory test is primarily used to diagnose heart failure?
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Liver Function Tests
Troponin
B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
18
When taking multidrug therapy for tuberculosis (TB), which lab tests are typically ordered to monitor side effects?
Liver Function Tests
All of the above
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Renal Function Tests
19
Which is common for treating Hypernatremia?
Administration of isotonic saline
Administration of hypotonic fluids
Administration of diuretics
Administration of corticosteroids
20
What is the correct method for administering montelukast?
At bedtime for optimal effectiveness in managing asthma symptoms.
Only during acute asthma attacks.
With food to enhance absorption.
Crush montelukast tablets before administration to facilitate swallowing.
21
Which of the following actions is
NOT
recommended for preventing pulmonary embolism?
Encouraging early post-op ambulation
Maintaining prolonged immobility during recovery
Administering anticoagulant therapy as prescribed
Using compression stockings / SCDs for patients at risk
22
What is this photo of?
ST Elevation
Normal Sinus
Prominent U
Peaked T Wave
23
What is Peripheral Artery Disease?
A tear in the wall of the aorta
Issues related to the pulmonary artery
circulatory problem which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs
24
How do you know your patient has atelectasis?
Hyperresonance on percussion and wheezing
Normal respiratory rate and symmetrical chest expansion
Dullness to percussion and decreased breath sounds
25
What is a priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with a cough?
Risk for Infection
Acute Pain
Ineffective Airway Clearance
Impaired Gas Exchange
26
After a thoracentesis, which of the following complications should be closely monitored?
Hypotension
Increased appetite
Pneumothorax
Elevated blood sugar levels
27
Is chest pain an emergency?
No
Yes
28
Which of the following is
NOT
a common method used to determine if a person has asthma/allergens?
Blood test for allergens
Spirometry testing
Peak Flow Meter
Skin prick test
29
MI or HF? Rapid Weight Gain, Low BP, Tachycardia, Abnormal Chest X-ray & ECG, Elevated BNP?
MI
Heart Failure
30
Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with left-sided heart failure?
Ascites
Peripheral edema
Jugular venous distension
Dyspnea on exertion
31
Which of the following signs indicates that a client is compensating for a physiological imbalance?
Hypotension
Increased respiratory rate
Altered level of consciousness
Decreased heart rate
32
How should a patient w/ Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease eat?
High sodium intake
Frequent small meals
High carbohydrate intake
Low protein diet
33
Which of the following is considered the most reliable test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB)?
Tuberculin skin test (TST)
Chest X-ray
Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs)
Sputum culture
34
Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat pneumonia?
Amoxicillin
Ibuprofen
Lisinopril
Metformin
35
Which of the following medications are commonly used to treat hyperkalemia?
Insulin, Furosemide, Calcium Gluconate
Atorvastatin, Warfarin, Clonidine
Omeprazole, Levothyroxine, Simvastatin
Metformin, Lisinopril, Furosemide
36
Which diagnostic tool is primarily used to confirm pneumonia?
Chest X-ray
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Sputum Culture
Bronchoscopy
37
Which finding is not seen with DVT?
Edema
Erythema
Cool Extremity
Pain
38
Rust colored mucous is a symptom for what diagnosis?
Pneumonia
Atelectasis
Pulmonary Embolism
39
What should you do when an asthma patient is in the yellow zone?
Continue with regular activities and monitor symptoms.
Seek emergency medical help immediately.
Increase the dosage of maintenance medication.
Use a quick-relief inhaler and assess symptoms.
40
Which is
NOT
an intervention for patients experiencing fluid volume excess?
Encourage high-sodium foods
Collect samples for fluid and electrolyte monitoring
Daily weights
Administer diuretics as prescribed
41
What is the
NOT
treatment for hypercalcemia?
IV Fluids - 0.9% NS
Calcium Supplements
Restrict Calcium in Diet
Loop Diuretics
42
What is this?
Prominent U
Peaked T Wave
Normal Sinus
ST Elevation
43
Which of the following signs or symptoms is most indicative of a pulmonary embolism (P.E.)?
Elevated blood pressure
Sudden dyspnea
Abdominal pain
Persistent headache
44
Which of the following symptoms is
NOT
associated with Left-sided heart failure?
Cough
Pulmonary edema
Orthopnea
Peripheral edema
45
pH 7.48, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, HCO3 20 mmol/L, and PaO2 90 mm HG
Respiratory Alkalosis W/Hypoxia, Partially compensated
Respiratory Alkalosis W/Hypoxia, Uncompensated
Respiratory Alkalosis W/O Hypoxia, Partially Compensated
46
Which laboratory findings are indicative of fluid volume excess?
Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Increased urine specific gravity
Decreased serum sodium levels
Decreased hematocrit
47
What is atrial fibrillation?
An inflammation of the heart muscle that can lead to heart failure.
A rapid and irregular heartbeat due to chaotic electrical signals
A congenital defect in which the heart does not form properly before birth.
A type of heart valve disease that affects blood flow through the heart.
48
What is unstable angina?
chest pain that is always associated with anxiety.
chest pain that is unpredictable/may not be relieved by rest or medication
Predictable chest pain
Chest pain that occurs during physical activity and is relieved by rest.
49
Which is a manifestation of Fluid Volume Deficit?
Hyperkalemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
50
Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with right-sided heart failure?
Shortness of breath during exertion
Peripheral edema
Palpitations
Chest pain
51
Which of the following symptoms is
NOT
associated with right-sided heart failure?
Weight Gain
Shortness of breath during exertion
Peripheral edema
Jugular venous distension
52
Which is
NOT
a manifestation of Pneumonia?
Dyspnea
Decreased WBCs
Crackles in lungs
Cough w/sputum production
53
What is the typical diameter ratio for barrel chest?
1:1
4:1
2:1
3:1
54
Which of the following is a key component in the care of a patient with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
Administering high doses of aspirin daily
Promoting regular physical activity and lifestyle modifications
Avoiding all forms of stress management techniques
Encouraging a diet high in saturated fats
55
Which is
NOT
how you treat unstable angina?
Initiate Beta Blocker Therapy
Administer pain medication
Provide nitroglycerin
Encourage exercise
56
What is the pathophysiology of an asthma attack?
Increased production of mucus and bronchoconstriction due to inflammation
Bronchodilation and increased airway resistance
Decreased lung volume and reduced oxygen diffusion
Alveolar collapse and impaired gas exchange
57
What condition are these symptoms? Dyspnea, productive cough, abnormal lung & heart sounds?
Pneumonia
Covid-19
Heart Failure
