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IB Biology Review
IB Biology Review
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Biochemistry Review
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130 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
What type of lipid is a major component of the cell membrane?
steroid
glycerol
fatty acid
phospholipid
2
Denaturation
of an enzyme
a. Can be reversed bylowering the temperature
a. Changes the substrate active site
a. Can be reversed byfreezing below 0 degrees Celcius
a. Changes the enzyme active site
3
As the volume of a cell increases, what happens to the surface area to volume ratio?
it decreases
it depends on type of cell
it increases
it stays the same
4
Prostate Glad
IV
V
II
I
5
Glucose functions in
storage
as a solvent
photosynthesis
respiration
6
Which of the following is not a purine?
guanine
thymine
adenine
they are all purines
7
Which property makes stem cells suitable fortherapeutic use?
Their chromosomes are suitable for gene transferand cloning
They contain chemicals that can kill bacteria
They can divide by meiosis to form gametes
They can differentiate into specialized cells
8
connected by hydrogen bonds?
Phosphate to sugar in a DNA molecule
Hydrogen to oxygen between two different molecules of water
Base to sugar in a DNA molecule
Hydrogen to oxygen within a molecule of water
9
Which organelle is not found in the cell shown below?
ribosomes
lysosomes
chloroplasts
nucleus
10
Which type of molecule is shown in the diagram below?
Nucleic acid
Peptide
Carbohydrate
Lipid
11
What type of macromolecule is substance E?
lipid
phospholipid
carbohydrate
protein
12
which enzymes are needed to produce recombinant plasmids
DNA polymerase and DNA ligase
Restriction enzyme (endonuclease) and DNA ligase
DNA polymerase and restriction enzyme (endonuclease)
Transcriptase and RNA polymerase
13
Which of the following is a unicellular organism that carries out all functions of life?
virus
fungi
paramecium
plant
14
The variable that is measured in an experiment is the
responding variable
controlled variable
manipulated variable
control group
15
Which of the following is
not a true statement
regarding enzymes:
a. Enzymes make it easier for a reaction to take place
a. Enzymes catalyze reactions
Enzymes are used up in a reaction
a. Enzymes are specific
16
Which of the following is a feature of exocytosis but not endocytosis?
vesicle formation
shape changes of membrane
use of ATP
secretion
17
What is the minimum number of each level of treatment for science experiments in IB Bio?
3
varies
6
5
18
Where are proteins synthesized in a cell?
polypeptides
ribosomes
mitochondria
vesicles
19
Which of the following statements about antibodies is correct?
Antibodies are pathogenic foreign substances
Antibodies are polypeptides.
Antibodies are produced by the bone marrow.
Antibodies kill bacteria but not viruses.
20
Amino acids join together during:
a. Hydrolysis reactions
covalent bondage
a. Condensation reactions
polar circles
21
What are the two fatty acid tails of a phospholipid made up of?
glycerol
saturated fatty acids only
COOH groups
hydrocarbons
22
Which of the following is not a reason the Davson-Danielli model was changed?
membranes are all the same in structure and function
not all membranes are identical or symmetrical
evidence was gathered with the use of an electron microscope
a protein layer is not likely because it is largely nonpolar
23
These special extensions of bacteria allow for exchange of genetic material
cilia
flagella
pili
plasmid
24
What type of bond connects carbon #3 on one dexoyribose molecule with a phosphate group?
hydrogen
phosphodiester
ionic
covalent
25
Lactose can be hydrolyzed into what two substances by the enzyme lactase?
fructose & sucrose
glucose and galactose
galactose & lactose
glucose & fructose
26
the epididymis
II
I
III
IV
27
A plant storage substance is
glycogen
glucagon
starch
cellulose
28
What property of water allows it to stick to a dry surface, such as a wooden countertop?
polarity
cohesion
adhesion
solvent
29
The Singer-Nicolson Model is now known as what model?
Davson-Danielli
Lipid Bilayer
Watson-Salvadore
Fluid Mosaic
30
The image below is:
saturated fatty acid
trans fatty acid
cis unsaturated fatty acid
glycerol
31
Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying drugs?
lysosomes
nucleus
liver
smooth ER
32
The DNA in eukaryotic cells is
linear and contained in nucleus
circular and not contained in nucleus
linear but not contained in nucleus
circular and contained in nucleus
33
When nerve cells are organized as the brain it can think, what property does this represent?
anatomical
adaptive
emergent
learning
34
What is the role of the snake in this food web?
Tertiary consumer
Primary consumer
Producer
Secondary consumer
35
Maintaining a constant and stable internal environment is
homeostasis
sensitivity
metabolism
nutrition
36
Which process is due to the fluidity of the cell membrane?
osmosis
cell recognition
ATP production
endocytosis
37
Which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion?
thicker membrane
increase in temperature
decrease in temperature
decrease in pressure
38
Which is smallest: width of a virus, width of bacterium or thickness of cell membrane?
width of bacterium
they are all the same size
thickness of cell membrane
width of virus
39
Which of the following is the best definition of a population?
A group of individuals that interbreed and produce offspring
Group of species living and interacting in an area
Number of individuals of the same species in a given area
The total number of individuals in a given area
40
How many different amino acids are found naturally in biology?
25
64
20
15
41
What is the pentose sugar that is found in RNA?
glucose
deoxyribose
fructose
ribose
42
In evaporation ofwater
covalent bonds are broken
hydrogen bonds are formed
hydrogen bonds are broken
covalent bonds are formed
43
seminalvesicle
II
I
Iv
III
44
Flagella are sometimes found on prokaryotic cells and their primary function is
stability
attachment
movement
reproduction
45
What gives each amino acid its character and leads to such a huge variety in proteins?
R group
amine group
COOH group
alpha carbon
46
The Testes
III
II
I
IV
47
What is evolution?
change in the genetic characteristics of a population
random change in alleles from generation to generation
Physical change during organisms life inherited by offspring
relative survival and reproductive success of an individual
48
When liquid water is heated, most of the energy that the water absorbs is used to:
make the water boil
break the hydrogen bondsbetween the water molecules
break the covalent bondsbetween the hydrogen and oxygen
raise the temperature ofthe water
49
Which of the following is not a characteristic of globular proteins?
tightly bound
functional
Mostly tertiary instructure
not soluble in water
50
In the structure of the cell membrane, glycoproteins are
proteins attached to cholesterol
protein tails attached to phosopholipids
carbohydrate tails attached to phospholipids
carbohydrate chains attached to membrane proteins
51
The process in which the cell takes up a substance by surrounding it with the membrane is
protein pump
passive transport
exocytosis
endocytosis
52
What type of macromolecule is the structure labeled C?
protein
lipid
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
53
Which of the following is
not
an example of an
enzyme cofactor
?
vitamin C
pepsin
zinc ion
calcium ion
54
If you place a cell with 80% water and 20% solute into a solution with 90% water & 10% solute
water will move into cell
water will move out of cell
solute will diffuse out of cell
there will be no net movement
55
How many hydrogen bonds are found between cytosine and guanine?
varies
2
none
3
56
Penile Urethra
V
IV
III
II
57
Water molecules are attached together by
covalent bonds
condensation
hydrogen bonds
hydrolysis
58
Most biological molecules have this type of bond:
hydrogen
covalent
ionic
phosphodiester
59
1. A polysaccharide made of 5 glucose molecules has the following formula
C30H52O26
5CH12O6
C5H10O5
C30H60O30
60
Which functions are carried out by all unicellular organisms?
growth, reproduction and photosynthesis
nutrition, reproduction and response
photosynthesis, nutrition and homeostasis
metabolism, photosynthesis, and growth
61
Where does the inhibitor bind in non-competitive inhibition?
no binding takes place
allosteric site
active site
the substrate
62
Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
reduce amphipathic properties
reduces the permeability of the membrane
increase fluidity of membrane
provide a hydrophobic bilayer
63
Which organelle is found on the organelle shown in the micrograph?
chromosomes
vesicle
ribosomes
rough ER
64
Which of the following is not an example of a monosaccharide?
galactose
ribose
maltose
glucose
65
What type of lipid has four fused rings as the main portion of their structure?
glycerol
steroid
phospholipid
fatty acid
66
Two different trees have been classified as Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra.
The family names are pinea and nigra.
Both trees belong to the same class but a different genus.
Both trees belong to the same family and same genus.
The species name of both trees is Pinus.
67
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
liver cell
amoeba
plant cell
none of these
68
Materials that leave and enter the golgi apparatus are
connect directly to the ER
are packaged in or on vesicles
are destined for export from the cell
are transported by proteins
69
If G is a pore protein in which water crosses the cell membrane via osmosis, what is it called?
Na/K pump
aquaporin
protein channel
peripheral protein
70
What type of fatty acid has all carbon atoms connected by single covalent bonds?
Cis-Unsaturated
saturated
trans-unsaturated
triglyceride
71
What is the substrate similar to in competitive inhibition?
inhibitor
allosteric site
enzyme
none of these
72
Thymine in the DNA of an organism is approximately 30%. What is the percentage of guanine?
70%
20%
40%
30%
73
This protein is found in tears. Its function is to kill bacteria.
Collagen
Lysozyme
Integrin
Amylase
74
How many histone molecules make up a nucleosome?
1
9
4
8
75
In a water molecule,
oxygen has slight + charge and hydrogen has slight - charge
oxygen has slight - charge and hydrogen has slight + charge
a. There is no charge at all.
a. All of the atoms have a slight positive charge.
76
What happens in crossing over?
Homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Exchange of genes during metaphase of mitosis
Random distribution of chromosomes during meiosis
77
Which of the following does not occur during interphase?
Cytokinesis
Translation
An increase in the number of mitochondria
Replication
78
Fructose is
a monosaccharide
a disaccharide
a polysaccharide
an amino acid
79
Which of the following is NOT an example of an integral protein?
aquaporin
fibrous protein
channel protein
glycoprotein
80
How do cells capture the energy released by cell respiration?
They produce ATP.
They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.
The energy is released as pyruvate.
They produce glucose.
81
The bond between two amino acids in a dipeptide is called a:
dipeptide
peptide
covalent
phosphodiester
82
What is the function of the plasma membrane of abacterium?
for support
to attach to host cells
to control entry and exit of substances
to synthesize ribosomes
83
What is denaturation?
amino acid sequence change causing disruption of 3D shape
structural change of protein resulting in loss of properties
A change in the genetic code of an organism
Amino acids are broken down and ammonia is released
84
Which of the following is NOT a major function of lipids in the human body?
Semi-permeable membrane of all cells
Insulation
Long term energy storage
As a short term energy source
85
What type of bond connects #9 to cytosine?
hydrogen
ionic
phosphodiester
covalent
86
The primary function of this protein is transport:
myosin
keratin
hemoglobin
amylase
87
prevents the membranes of the alveoli from sticking together
The secretion of fluids in the inner surface of the alveoli
The pressure within the thoracic cavity
The thickness of the single-cell layer of alveoli membranes
The dense net of capillaries covering the alveoli
88
Which of the following processes includes all others?
facilitated diffusion
diffusion
passive transport
osmosis
89
All cells have which of the following?
cell membrane
nucleus
cell wall
mitochondria
90
Which of the following is the primary carbohydrate storage molecule in animals?
glycogen
starch
triglyceride
glucose
91
What do diffusion and osmosis have in common?
They are passive transport mechanisms.
They require transport proteins in the membrane.
Movement of substances against the concentration gradient.
They only happen in living cells.
92
Which organelle is labeled #10?
smooth ER
vacuole
golgi appartus
chloroplast
93
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
chloroplast
mitochondria
golgi appartus
ribosome
94
Celiac disease =destruction of villi cells.Most likely to happen to people with celiac disease?
Incomplete digestion of fats
Poor absorption of calcium
damage esophagus caused by increase in acid of the stomach
Increased levels of glucose in blood
95
Where do the directions for making proteins at the ribosomes come from?
rRNA
nucleus
tRNA
ribosomes
96
The electron micrograph below shows which organelle?
vesicle
golgi appartus
lysosome
mitochondria
97
Which statement is part of the cell theory?
Cells have DNA as their genetic material
Cells have cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane
Cells come from preexisting cells
Cells are composed of organic molecules
98
What carbon does the nitrogeneous base attach to on deoxyribose?
varies
1
5
3
99
What is the function of the organelle found on the organelle shown in the micrograph?
transport substances
create vesicles
produce lipids
synthesize proteins
100
Water dissolves which of the following substances?
non-polar
neutral
polar
hydrophobic
101
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?
uracil
thymine
cytosine
adenine
102
The picture below is
fatty acid
carboxyl group
protein
amino acid
103
Differentiation results in cells
transcribing some of their DNA
using all of their DNA during replication
changing type when they replicate
mutating
104
source of the oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis?
Water only
Both water and carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide only
Chlorophyll
105
Which structure is an example of a peripheral protein?
A
F
G
E
106
Which number points to the organelle responsible for holding spindle fibers in place?
2
5
3
1
107
homologous chromosomes
They always produce identical phenotypes.
They are two identical copies of a parent chromosome
They are chromosomes that have identical genes and alleles.
Each gene is at the same locus on both chromosomes.
108
A
fatty acid
is a long chain of mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms with a:
Oleic acid found on one end
Glycerol found on both ends
Carboxyl group found on one end
Water molecule found on one end
109
Which of the following does not require a membrane protein?
Binding of neurotransmitter to the post-synaptic membrane
Diffusion of K+ into the cell
Active transport of sodium
Diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the synapse
110
Which of the following types of cell transport moves against the concentration gradient?
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
endocytosis
osomosis
111
Which of the following organelles has a double membrane?
mitochondria
ribosome
vacuole
vesicle
112
The diagram below is:
galactose
deoxyribose
ribose
glucose
113
Has cytoplasm, a cell wall, naked DNA and ribosomes
A cell from a pine tree
A grasshopper cell
A human red blood cell
A bacterium
114
Increasing
the substrate concentration
Increases the number of active sites
Decreases the amount of product
Increases the amount of product
Increases the amount of enzyme
115
A codon codes for
mRNA chain
protein
genes
an amino acid
116
What molecule is essential for endocytosis, exocytosis and Na+/K+ pump?
potassium
protein
ATP
sodium
117
What is #4?
guanine
cytosine
thymine
uracil
118
Which nitrogenous base is only found in RNA?
uracil
guanine
cytosine
thymine
119
The storage carbohydrate in liver and muscles is
protein
cellulose
fatty acids
glycogen
120
Condensation
is the
Building of bigger molecules with the removal of water
Building bigger molecules with the addition of water
Breaking of bigger molecules with the removal of water
Breaking bigger molecules with the addition of water
121
Which hypothesis can be tested using the t-test?
difference between means in two samples is not significant.
difference in observed value/expected value not significant.
changing variable not correlated with 2 changing varibale
difference in variation in two samples is not significant.
122
Inwhich of the sections is natality plus immigration greater than mortality plusemigration?
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 only
3 only
123
Which statement is correct about proteins
All proteins are enzymes
A protein is made of 20 different amino acids in a sequence
There are 20 different proteins
Antibodies are proteins
124
Which features are present in prokaryotic cells?
nucleus, cell membrane and ribosomes
DNA, mitochondria and cell wall
DNA, plasma membrane and mitochondria
DNA, cell membrane and ribosomes
125
In a cell, what is the effect of a
large surfacearea
to
volume ratio
?
Fasterheat loss
Slowerrate of exchange of waste materials
Slowerintake of food
Faster rate of mitosis
126
What property of water makes it a good evaporative coolant?
Relatively low boiling point
High latent heat of evaporation
Volatility
Transparency
127
characteristics found in a structure necessarily indicates that it is alive
The presence of genetic material
The presence of a lipid bilayer
Metabolism
Movement
128
What is the difference between galactose and lactose?
Lactose product of anaerobic/galactose product of aerobic
Lactose is an enzyme and galactose is a hormone.
Lactose is a disaccharide and galactose is a monosaccharide.
Galactose is a sugar found in milk but lactose is not
129
The outer side of the membrane differs from the inner side because the outer side contains
peripheral proteins
hydrophilic phosphate groups
glycoproteins
cholesterol
130
Which of the following elements is not found in carbohydrates?
nitrogen
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
