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Duplicate of Environmental Science E o C Exam Review
Duplicate of Environmental Science E o C Exam Review
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Environmental Science New Mexico End of Course Exam Preparation Review Questions
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Answers
1
Which term does NOT fit with a first level consumer?
prey
predator
herbvivore
heterotroph
2
shake the ground perpendicular, do not move through liquids
L-waves
surface waves
P-waves
S-waves
3
Biodiversity is best described as________
genetic variation
different species different ecosystems
variety of species, genetic variation, variety of ecosystems
variety of different species
4
Which type of scientist analyzes the composition of rocks?
biologist
physiologist
pyschologist
geologist
5
minimum number of seismograph stations in order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
4
3
1
2
6
Most earthquakes occur along or near the edges of the ...
earth's lithospheric plates
North American plate
Eurasian plate
earth's oceans and lakes
7
Sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____.
cementation
heat and pressure
weathering and erosion
compaction
8
A rock is
always
made of molten material
formed by heat and pressure
a mix-minerals,organic matter,volcanic glass,other material
either igneous or sedimentary
9
An average available energy decreases by a factor of _____
one tenth 0.1
10
20
100
10
Plants get nitrogen from
Cellular Respiration
Basic photosynthesis
Breathing it in through their leaves from the atmosphere
Absorbing it through roots in the ground
11
Which is NOT evidence of evolution?
birth defects caused by Zika virus
genetic drift
homologous structures
fossil record
12
A volcano is an opening in Earth that erupts
all answers are correct
ash
gases
lava
13
Which of the following decreases carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
Decomposition by bacteria
Photosynthesis
Burning fossil fuels
Cellular Respiration
14
Studying a rock’s texture can help scientists determine whichtype of rock it is
True
False
15
Sulfurous gases emitted by volcanoes
are good for the environment
can mix with water vapor and form acid rain
help plants grow
are contained totally within lava flows
16
Decreases in ozone layer protection may lead into an increase in cancer rates
True
False
17
Climate represents
weather averaged over a yea
measure of variations in the amount of precipitation
long-term average weather and its statistical variation
18
A pyroclastic flow is__________.
a type of lava flow
another form of precipitation
hot volcanic ash, debris -rushes down the side of a volcano
an opening in the side of a volcano
19
The Pacific Ring of Fire is an earthquake zone that forms a ring around...
North American plate
North America
the Pacific Ocean
South America
20
The effect(s) of global warming is (are)
all of these answers are correct
changes in Earth's biomes
shifting of climatic zones from the equator tow
expansion of circulating cells on both sides of the equator
21
______ shows how energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels
pyramid of numbers
pyramid of energy
pyramid of biomass
22
Sedimentary rocks form from rock and mineral fragments,metamorphicrocks form from existing rock
True
False
23
A decrease of in stratospheric ozone ma
Empty choice
Empty choice
24
What is a vent?
he steep depression around a volcano's opening
the remains of an eroded volcano
the opening in a volcano
a small fissure on the side of a volcano
25
Sedimentary rocks are
formed from magma
a type of foliated igneous rock
loose materials become pressed or cemented together or
formed because of changes in temperature and pressure
26
What is a soil horizon?
A factor influencing how soil is formed
A technique used to map soils
A layer of soil
An organism found within the soil
27
The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can ____.
provides materials to make other rocks
All of these answers are correct
form other rocks
be changed by forces at the earth's surface
28
Which of the following best describes aftershocks?
giant ocean waves that originate at a fault zone
along a fault where slippage and fracturing first occur
seismic waves that cannot travel through liquids
a series of small tremors occurring after a major earthquake
29
Water flowing down mountainside into lake after precipitation is an example of
transpiration
evaporation
condensation
run-off
30
Magnitude
is a measure of the amount of energy released during an
earthquake
False
True
31
Which Science does NOT contribute to Environmental Science
All these science choices contibute
chemistry
physics
biology
32
How does a 'sandy' soil feel like to touch?
Sticky
Gritty
33
Fog over a lake would be an example of which part of the water cycle?
precipitation
evaporation
condensation
run-off
34
A decline in peppered moth population in industrial England was a result of ____
burning coal
natural selection
natural selection and genetic drift
genetics
35
El Niño
occurs every 3-5 years and last for 9-12 months
occurs when trade winds slacken
All of these answers are correct
bring heavy rains and destructive flooding to North America
36
The major reason(s) for the collapse of the great Mayan civilization
soil loss
other land-use issues
all of these answers are correct
deforestation
37
Data from a pyramid of numbers is more useful than energy pyramid- organism count can vary
True
False
38
Which type of seismic wave travels the fastest?
S wave
P wave
surface wave
L wave
39
The difference between basaltic and granitic magma is
amount of silica
amount of water vapor
the way it cools
40
Cinder cone volcanic eruptions are
slow and occur over long periods of time
gradual & pour lava over the edges, which collects in pools
explosive and throw lava high into the air
gradual and pour tephra over the edges
41
The San Andreas Fault Zone has formed where the edge of the Pacific plate is slipping.
south along the North American plate
under the North American plate
north along the North American pl
over the North American plate
42
Volcanoes often are found in areas on Earth where
rivers are found
mountains are found
plates fit together perfectly
plates collide
43
Nitrogen is essential to life because
It is the most common element
It is needed for building the proteins needed for cells.
It is needed for making carbohydrates and lipids
Nitrogen builds all molecules need for life
44
Type of seismic wave causes rock particles to move together and apart in the same direction
P wave
L wave
surface wave
S wave
45
lichen on a rock in a barren ecosystem indicates
primary succession
secondary succession
climax community
pioneer species during primary succession
46
genetic diversity as a result of crossing new genes to create new traits and/or new species
genetic diversity
genetic drift
genetics
genetic variation
47
After the great extinction around 70 million years ago conditions favored mammals because
warm blooded mammals adapt well to cooler conditions
both answers are correct
mammals smaller adapt well to decreased atmospheric oxygen
48
Rain, snow, hail, and sleet are all examples of which stage of the water cycle?
condensation
run-off
transpiration
precipitation
49
All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks toform EXCEPT ____.
pressure
the presence of hot ,watery fluids
heat
exposure to air
50
In decomposition Bacteria and Fungi
use oxygen to break down organic nitrogen to nitrates
carry out photosynthesis
produce the oxygen needed for photosynthesis
Bacteria put oxygen back into the atmosphere
51
Deposition - tectonic process thatforces rocks onto Earth’s surface throughout the rock cycle.
False
True
52
What are batholiths?
hot magma flows that cool quickly before they reach surface
hot magma flows that cool slowly before they reach surface
magma bodies that cool quickly before they reach surface
magma bodies that cool slowly before they reach surface
53
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are important because
they convert N2 into ammonium leading plant use nitrates
break up dead plants and animals in the soi
release excess nitrogen from the soil into the atmosphere.
essential for plants being able to carry out photosynthesis.
54
Ozone in the upper atmosphere protects from skin cancer causing______
gamma rays
infared light
sulfur dioxide
ultra-violet (UV) light
55
Which is not a type of volcano
fuego
cinder cone
shield
strato
56
A pyroclastic flow is
a type of lava flow
hot volcanic ash& debris - rushes down the side of a volcano
an opening in the side of a volcano
another form of precipitation
57
What causes magma to rise to the surface?
The rock forces the magma upward.
A force pulls the magma upward.
Magma is more dense than rock.
Magma is less dense than rock.
58
Textures are fragments that make uprocks
True
False
59
The difference in magnitude by a richter scale 4 earthquake and a richter scale 7 is
one hundred times greater
one thousand times greater
ten times less
one thousand times less
60
Excess nitrates in water cause problems for the Chesapeake Bay because
excessive bacteria growth resulting in too much oxygen
of excessive cellular respiration in plants and animals
of Algae blooms-> sunlight reduces O2 when the algae dies
Nitrates are poisonous to fish, crabs, and oysters
61
A magnitude richter scale 7 generally causes mild damage e.g. store shelves toppling
False
True
62
A comparison of the trapping of heat by CO
2
and CH
4
is that (carbon dioxide & methane)
the same amount of heat is trapped by both CO2 and CH4
CO2 traps 21 times more heat in the atmosphere than does CH4
CH4 traps 21 times more heat in the atmosphere than does CO2
63
What is the difference between a dike and a sill in how they are formed
formed in same direction, but different in size
Dikes across vertical cracks, sills across horizontal cracks
form in the same direction but they are created differently.
Dikes across vertical cracks, sills across horizontal cracks
64
Plants get the carbon to make their molecules from
The combination of oxygen and water
The ground
The waste of animals
The carbon dioxide in the air
65
The force that can change the size and shape of rocks is called...
stress
friction
elasticity
magnitude
66
Steam rising from a water puddle on a hot summer day is an example of
evaporation
condensation
run-off
transpiration
67
Plot the difference in arrival times between_____to find earthquake distance from seismograph
S and L waves
P and S waves
P and L waves
68
High levels of silica causes magma to become
thicker
more fluid
thinner
less dense
69
Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools
none of these choices are a better than another choice
magma
magma underground, lava cooling above ground
lava
70
A volcanic neck is the remains of a(n)
active volcano
magma flow
eroded volcano
intrusive igneous rock
71
Whichis a tectonic process that forces rocks up from beneath Earth’s surface?
uplift
melting
deposition
crystallization
72
Carbon sequestration is
removal of carbon from the ocean and store it in the land
moving of carbon from underground storing in Earth's surface
73
The place where slippage first occurs is called the earthquake's...
focus
intensity
epicenter
magnitude
74
Loss of sea ice by melting in the Arctic Ocean
will result in sea-level rise
may result in positive feedback and amplifies global warming
will result in cooler temperature in the Arctic
75
The processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the followingEXCEPT
erosion
compaction
weathering
condensation
76
Sedimentary rocks are
formed from magma
loose materials become pressed or cemented together or
a type of foliated igneous rock
formed because of changes in temperature and pressure
77
Dew or droplets of water on leaves on a dry summer day is likely a result of
precipitation
transpiration
run-off
condensation
78
A human cause of acid rain is_______
cattle feedlots
sewage run-off
overuse of water
sulfur dioxide (SO2 emissions from burning coal
79
Magma originates in which layer of Earth?
innercore
crust
mantle
core
80
The ____ shows how one rock changes into another
formation of crystals
melting process
rock cycle
volcanism
81
Islands like Iceland are often formed due to
rifts in the Earth's surface
plate movement
cooling lava flows
all answers are correct
82
High precipitation areas are where humid air mass __ and arid zones are found where dry air _
A)
rises; rises
descends; descends
rises; descends
descends; rises
83
Carbon is essential to life because
It is the element which builds the organic molecules of life
It’s the most common element.
There can’t be life without it.
It is produced in both photosynthesis and respiration.
84
Shield volcanoes are the result of
andesitic lava flows
ava solidifies on Earth's surface
an earthquake occurs
magma solidifies underground
85
The most visually striking evidence of global warming is:
rapid melting of glacial ice on nearly every continent
the increased precipitation along the Gulf coast states
highly varying temperature fluctuations in winter
86
Which does NOT is not an aspect of prodcuers
photosynthesis
prey
autotroph
consumer
87
Composite or Stratovolcanoes are found mostly where
rifts in Earth's surface occur
Earth's plates join and one plate sinks beneath the other
hot spots in the mantle occur
Earth's plates pull apart
88
Approximately how many micro-organisms can be found in a teaspoonful of soil?
500,000
4 billion
50 million
1,000
89
Rocks are formed when magma or lava ____.
crystallizes
erodes
weathers
undergoes radioactive decay
90
Why is organic matter (humus) an important part of soil?
t converts nitrogen in the air into nitrates used by plants
It can break down organic pollutants
It helps to improve water infiltration
It is rich in nutrients, which is important for fertility
91
The Hawaiian Islands are formed because of
hot spots
subduction
converging plates
diverging plates
92
Which of the following is not a part of the water cycle?
groundwater
evaporation
precipitation
condensation
93
Travels through rock, shakes ground in the direction they are moving, arrive first
Surface Wave
L-Wave
S - Wave (secondary(
P - waves (Primary)
94
Surface rockscan change throughout many processes through the rock cycle EXCEPT _____.
melting
weathering
deposition
compaction
95
Which does NOT make a direct contribution to the Carbon Cycle
combustion
photosynthesis
denitrification
cellular respiration
96
Which is NOT a greenhouse gas?
methane
carbon dioxide
water vapor
ozone
97
The oxygen for your body comes from
The ground
Cellular Respiration
photosynthesis in plants
eating plants and animals
98
Which is NOT evidence of global warming
Empty choice
the flooding, thunderstorms and hurricanes have increased over )
99
Which is Not evidence of global warming
the amount of water vapor retained in atmosphere increased
Increasing number of floods, hurricanes over time
tomorrow's weather forecast
greenhouse gases cause heat retention in atmosphere
100
Of the three types of volcanoes, which is the least explosive?
all volcanoes are explosive
composite volcanoes
cinder volcanoes
shield volcanoes
101
Which three layers form the soil profile?
Clay, silt and sand
Minerals, organic matter and living organisms
The topsoil, subsoil and parent material
ir. water and soil
102
An example of a carbon sink
carbon dioxide
cellular respiration
combustion
fossil fuels
