Foundations of Reading Test Part 4

Translate a word from print to speech, usually employing knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences; Also Sounding Out.

Making a connection between individual letters and the sounds they represent (graphophonics.

 Strategies set to emphasize importance of preparing students to read; activate prior knowledge, set reading purpose.

A reading based on highly regular spelling patterns. Such as: Nat the cat sat on the mat. 

Ability to notice, think about, or manipulate the individual phonemes (sounds) in words. When joined, sounds make words.

Concept word, definition, characteristics of concept word, examples of the concept word, & non-examples of concept word.

Refers to digraphs, vowel pairs, word families, and vowel variant spellings. 

Informations accessed through visual means, such as the size and shape of a word, format, pictures, diagrams, etc. 

Various sources of info. that may aid identification of a word such as: graphophonics, semantic and syntactic info...

Recognizing individual sounds in a word (e.g., /p/ is the first sound in pan).

Refers to prior knowledge, the knowledge and experience that readers bring to the text. 

Knowledge of the relationships between letters and phonemes.

Using words or sentences around an unfamiliar word to help clarify its meaning. 

Children and Adult reading so that the adult models strategies and concepts: ex. predicting and noticing letter pattens.

Reading without conscious effort or attention to decoding. 

Text with a high proportion of words (80%-90%) comprising sound-symbols already taught.  Used for Independent practice.

Teach importance of connection w/ letters, & sounds they represent, word dissection into parts & blending back together.

Framework used for phonemic awareness instruction; (sometimes know as Sound Boxes) there is one box per sound in a word.

The process of consciously thinking about one’s learning or reading while actually being engaged in learning or reading.

Reading with expression, proper intonation, and phrasing. 

 A story that has many elements or language patterns repeated until the climax; a predictable text. 

Spelling patterns for a specific sound or a variety of spelling patterns for 1 sound ( long a spelled a, a_e, ai_,_ay).

 Tests that keep the teacher informed about the child’s progress in learning to read during the school year.

Information from the surrounding text that helps identify or gives meaning to a specific word or phrase i.e. 

Words that have similar meanings. 

Students are asked to apply what they have been taught in order to accomplish specific reading tasks.

Exam of reading errors or substitutions needed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of a student's reading skills.

Everyday experiences, riding in cars, playing with peers and adults, etc... that help them to make sense of the text...

Matching grapheme to phoneme. 

The smallest unit of sound within our language system. A phoneme combines with other phonemes to make words. 

Visual frame or structure that captures main reading points: concepts, ideas, events, vocabulary, or generalizations.

The central thought or message of a reading passage. 

Refers to all of the words of our language; Four types include listening, speaking, reading and writing. 

Words recognized immediately. Sometimes irregular or high frequency (Dolch and Fry). *any word recognized automatically.

Students practice what the teacher modeled and the teacher provides prompts and feedback. 

Refers to schema, the knowledge and experience that readers bring to the text. 

A writing system for representing language. 

Understanding of the basic facts that the student has read. 

Support by providing structure, organization, questioning, clarification, summarizing, or info on what is/will be known.

Teach explicit and systematic instruction that is tailored to meet the identified needs of struggling readers. 

Words containing phonic elements that were previously taught. 

An individuals understanding about the rules or practices that govern the use of printing of written language.

 Scientifically based research that applies rigorous, systematic, and objective procedures to obtain valid knowledge.

Spelling that is in the standard or correct form for written documents.

Phonics instruction that matches phoneme to grapheme. 

Add, delete, and subbing sounds in words (add /b/ out to make boat; delete /p/ pan to make at; sub o in pat get pot.

A word opposite in meaning to another word.

A unit of meaning that can stand alone as a whole word (e.g., friend, pig). Also called a free morpheme. 

Any substitution of a word in a text that a reader makes. 

The rules, or accepted practices, that govern the use of grammar in written or spoken language. 

 The Speed of lessons should move briskly, but not so fast as to rush students beyond their ability to answer correctly.

Degree of usefulness.

A reader who is developing an association of print with meaning – the early stages of learning to read. 

Teacher overtly demonstrates a strategy, skill, or concept that students will be learning.

Suffix denoting plural or possessive on noun, tense when on a verb, and comparison on Adj. and Adverbs (s, es, ing, ed).

 Portray the schematic relations that compose a concept; a strategy for graphically representing concepts. 

Non-fiction books, also referred to as expository text, that contain facts and information. 

Students are asked to apply what they have been taught in order to accomplish specific reading tasks.

An experienced reader’s oral reading of a text to aid students in learning strategies...

The identification of individual letters by name and/or sound in a variety of contexts.

Reading aloud taking turns with a peer who provides word identification help and feedback. 

A segment of a word that contains one vowel sound. The vowel may or may not be preceded and/or followed by a consonant. 

Uses a grid to explore how things relate to one another through connections, making predications, and concept mastery.

 Referring to the relationship between the letters and the letter sounds of a language.

Using phonics to figure out words. 

Characters, problem, solutions, themes, settings, and plot.

An analysis of words formed by adding prefixes, suffixes or other meaningful word units to a base word. 

Comparing two sets of words to show some common similarity between the sets.  (cat is to kitten as dog is to _____).

A letter or letter combination that spells a phoneme; can be 1, 2, 3, or 4 letters in English (e.g., e, ei, igh, eigh).