Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...

a variety of environmental factors

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...

you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

What is cognitive dissonance?

a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 150

Answers

1
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
2
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a developmental psychologist
3
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
pathogens
teratogens
opiates
4
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
agonists
antagonists
action potentials
5
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
functionalism
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
6
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
7
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
procedural
crystallized
episodic
8
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
9
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
10
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
obedience
conformity
cognitive dissonance
11
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
thyroid
thalamus
gonads
12
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
behavioral quality
temperament
13
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
14
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
print letters
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
15
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
16
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
a personality test
17
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
social scripts
investment differentiations
display rules
18
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
observational learning
19
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
attitude is to action
20
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
subliminal perception
21
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
22
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
prefrontal cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
23
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
resistance to pain
24
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
25
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
an external attribution
26
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
limbic system
cerebellum
27
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
28
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
REM
stage 1
stage 4
29
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
marital problems
bipolar disorder
30
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
31
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
32
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
33
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
34
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
35
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
pancreas
36
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
individualism
attributionism
functionalism
37
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
predictability
accuracy of inference
representativeness
38
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
irrational thoughts
the conscious
the unconscious
39
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
conventional
preconventional
postconventional
40
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
parietal lobe
thalamus
corpus callosum
41
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
social charm
aggressiveness
42
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
43
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
shaping
selection
stimulus discrimination
44
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
panic disorder
conversion disorder
bipolar disorder
45
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
46
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test scores
test scales
test levels
47
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
conformity
social loafing
group polarization
48
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
49
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
50
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
observational learning
positive reinforcement
51
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
52
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the endocrine system
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
53
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
heroin
marijuana
mescaline
54
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
personality
anxiety
schizophrenic
55
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
56
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
latency
anal
genital
57
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
58
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
the observational group
59
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
high in agreeableness
low in openness
high in neuroticism
60
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
delta
beta
gamma
61
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
perception
hypnosis
sensation
62
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
63
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the law of cognitive dissonance
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
display rules
64
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
light
food/meat powder
tone
65
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
cognition
intelligence
introspection
66
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
median
mode
midpoint
67
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
68
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
69
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
70
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
71
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
72
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
fixation
compensation
displacement
73
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
74
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
75
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
closure
symmetry
constancy
76
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
pitch
decibels
timbre
77
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
78
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
the proximodistal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
79
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
semantic network
schema
chunk
80
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
81
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
82
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
creativity
reasoning
intelligence
83
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
narcotics
cannabis
alcohol
84
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
85
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
drive theory
instinct theory
86
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
87
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
88
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender roles
gender behaviors
89
Anhedonia is when a person...
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
experiences mild manic states
has two different psychological disorders
has trouble getting along with people
90
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
processing
sensation
attention
perception
91
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
92
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
stirrup
cochlea
oval window
93
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
94
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
content validity
standardized validity
predictive validity
95
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rabbit
rat
fear reaction
loud noise
96
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
encoded
ablated
modeled
97
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
98
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
behavior
the brain
the unconscious
99
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
is consistent
100
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
iris
lens
vitreous humor
101
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
syntax
morphemes
102
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
103
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
104
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
105
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
cultural direction
106
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
surprise
sadness
happiness
107
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
mnemonic
morphemic
phonemic
108
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
109
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
110
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
time of testing
cross-sectional
sequential
longitundinal
111
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
112
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
113
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
prejudices
self-serving bias
stereotypes
114
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
115
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
musical
spatial
mechanical
116
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
117
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
118
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
119
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
120
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
obsessions
hallucinations
delusions
121
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
122
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
intermediate-term
long-term
sensory
123
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
124
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
125
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
tree-bird
boat-goat
fill-feed
126
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
127
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
conflict
change
pressure
frustration
128
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
129
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
unipolar
cyclical
bipolar
dissociative
130
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
an obsession
a delusion
a compulsion
a phobia
131
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
132
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
saturation
color
brightness
133
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
134
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
psychological tests
direct observation
physiological recordings
135
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
punishment
136
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
137
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
138
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
insomnia
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
139
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
location of injury
thalamus
cortex
140
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
141
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
142
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
content
criterion-related
construct
absolute
143
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recognition
recall
relearning
144
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
145
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
146
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
operant conditioning
147
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
reversibility
centration
egocentrism
148
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
149
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
means
150
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
endorphin
serotonin
dopamine

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud