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WHAP Exam Review Unit 4 1450-1750 CE Flashcards | StudBud
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WHAP Exam Review Unit 4 1450-1750 CE
The Protestant Reformation
Mercantilism
WHAP Exam Review Unit 4 1450-1750 CE
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1
Mercantilism
encouraged the importation of foreign goods
sparked further rivalries among European nations
didn't affect empires that were not based in Europe
brought long-term prosperity to Europe
2
The Protestant Reformation
spread because of advances in Chinese + European technology
strengthened the authority of the papacy
became the basis of Enlightenment thought
was carried by Jesuits to the Western Hemisphere
3
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires all originally came from
offshoots of the older Mongol empires
renegade Byzantine generals
descendants of the prophet Muhammad
nomadic, Turkish-speaking tribes
4
Compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, that of eastern Africa
did not involve central Africa
became a model for European slavery systems
acquired slaves from coastal areas only
also involved the plantation system
5
The practice of foot binding
was imported from India
represented the increasing subjugation of women
was a Yuan form of torture
expressed the growing freedom of women
6
The conquistadors
in turn were defeated by French forces
lost control because of a bloody battle
established empires in Central and South America
eventually lost control and were replaced by formal rule
7
Under Spanish rule, the native population of a colony
converted almost exclusively to Islam
was pressured to convert to Roman Catholicism
was encouraged to pursue Christianity
was allowed to follow their own religious traditions
8
The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas was the
military precision of the well-trained Spanish troops
Spanish strength in numbers
devastating loss of life caused by European-borne deseases
Spanish alliance with the Maya
9
With Africa, the slave trade
increased African dependence on European nations
decreased the value of women slaves
had little effect on central African kingdoms
promoted unity among African kingdoms
10
The center of the Spanish commercial activity in Asia was
Hawai'i
Bombay
Melaka
Manila
11
Central to the belief of Twelver Shiism was the idea that
any true believer could be the leader of the Islamic world
there were Twelve Commandments
the 12th infallible imam was still alive and would return
there were 12 principle manifestations of Allah
12
Plantations created a high demand for
education
cash crops
cheap labor
money
13
Both the Russian Empire and Ming China
became increasingly traditional after expulsion of Mongols
cooperated w/the established religions
improved the position of women
established policies as a reaction to Mongol presence
14
In early 18th century, the political system where citizens enjoyed greatest amount of self-rule
Japan
Russia
France
England
15
Both the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment
questioned political authority
upheld church traditions
lowered the status of women
relied on reason over faith
16
All of the following describe the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT that
it believed in the overall goodness of humanity
it was modeled on Chinese philosophy
it described the nature of the universe
it emphasized the value of research
17
The trans-Atlantic slave trade
carried the majority of slaves to North America
increased after the establishment of sugar plantations
carried more women than men
was separate from triangular trade patterns
18
In North America, the Europeans initially found a profitable commodity when they bartered for
tobacco
indigo
fur
molasses
19
System by which unfinished materials were delivered to rural households for production
joint-stock company system
putting-out system
guild system
union system
20
The Protestant and Catholic reformation were alike in their
emphasis on education
reliance on church councils
attitudes toward money-making
views toward papal authority
21
Which of the following was not an action of the Manchus after conquering China?
they encouraged intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus
they didn't allow the Chinese to travel to Manchuria
they forbade Chinese from learning the Manchurian language
they carefully guarded their own cultural identity
22
Historians searching for the earliest models of European plantation slavery would need to study
plantation society on Indian Ocean islands
the history of the Madeira and Canary Islands
slavery among the Dutch in Cape Colony
sugar plantations in the West Indies
23
By 1750, all parts of the world participated in a global trade network except
Africa
Australia
South America
India
24
Enlightenment thought
treated children as miniature adults
resulted in harsher punishments for criminals
was not embraced by the women's movement
resembled Renaissance thought
25
The Portuguese began to show much more interest in Brazil after
the establishment of profitable sugar plantations
the discovery of rich gold and silver mines
the English victory over the Spanish Armada
after brazilwood became a major crash crop
26
The European conflict that served as an example of a destructive war was
the Franco-Prussian War
the Hundred Years' War
the Seven Years' War
the Thirty Years' War
27
Which empire was inspired by status as an Islamic outpost on the border of the Christian world?
Umayyad
Ottoman
Safavid
Mughal
28
Which was not one of the main inspirations for European exploration?
the search for lands suitable for cultivation
the desire to spread Christianity
the desire to conquer China and India
the search for basic resources
29
The Ottoman Empire
reached its height around 1750
weakened because its technology fell behind Europe
was unsuccessful in controlling European territory
prohibited the use of forced labor
30
When the Portuguese first became involved in the slave trade
they were amazed at the poverty of African kingdoms
they were uninterested in Christianizing African peoples
they were interested primarily in gold and spices
they created the African slave trade
31
One of the results of the peace brought by the Tokugawa period was
a resurgence in daimyo authority
a tremendous growth in European trade
a reduction in status for the samurai and daimyo
an even greater political role for the samurai
32
In general, the German princes accepted Martin Luther's ideas because of the
belief that the power of the Catholic church was waning
opportunity to build a power base
fear that peasants would revolt if they did not convert
power of Luther's oratory skills
33
What factors led to the European witch-hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries?
famine
over-population and a need to justify infanticide
floods which led to mildew on crops
religious tensions between Protestants and Catholics
34
Which fortified city in southern Africa dominated the gold trade until the late 15th century?
Cape Town
Great Zimbabwe
Ndongo
Mbanza
35
In 1505 all the Swahili city-states were subdued by
the Ottoman Turks
the English
the Spanish
the Portuguese
36
The center of Islamic learning in West Africa was
Jenne
Gao
Timbuktu
Kilwa
37
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were all
Animistic
Zoroastrian
Islamic
Buddhist
38
Ferdinand Magellan established an important trade route between Mexico and
Hawai'i
Portugal
Spain
the Philippines
39
In order to take part in the global trade network, Russian merchants went to Serbia for
copper
iron
silver
furs
40
As a result of hemispheric trade between 1450 and 1750
the entire globe was linked by numerous active trade routes
the work of African artisans found new markets
the Ottoman Empire strengthened to its hold on Europe
European wealth and commercial dominance increased
41
As part of the slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in Africa in return for
silver from the Americas
sugar or molasses
firearms
indentured servants
42
What were the foundations of the Enlightenment?
emphasis on God's involvement in his creation
emphasis on economic advances
emphasis on the power of reason
emphasis on the power of faith over reason
43
The steppe tradition that caused the greatest problem for the Islamic empires was the
bloody competition among heirs to the throne
the devotion to Twelver Shiism
symbolic blood sacrifice
insistence on a particularly brutal form of slavery
44
The power of the viceroys was checked by reviews conducted by
the zambos
the mestizo
the encomiendas
the audiencias
45
The phrase "Son of Heaven" refers to the
Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order
the explanation for the incredible appeal of Christianity
syncretic Christian-Buddhist religion
the near godlike status that the Jesuits reached in China
46
Compared to the Spanish Empire, that of the Portuguese
developed a more egalitarian society
was more global in its extent
was less influenced by the Roman Catholic Church
developed a better relationship with Indian inhabitants
47
European explorations
promoted harmony among the nations of Europe
were dependent on European technological innovation
sought to break established trade monopolies
concentrated on the Americas
48
Which of the following states developed constitutional governments in the 17th century?
Spain and the Netherlands
England and the Netherlands
the Netherlands and France
Russia and Italy
49
Sikhism was a syncretic combination of
Buddhism and Christianity
Hinduism and Buddhism
Christianity and Hinduism
Hinduism and Islam
50
Sugar plantations
especially valued slaves from western Africa
competed with triangular trade
were the ultimate destination of the first Portuguese slaves
were initially founded in the Caribbean
51
Which was not an advantage that the English and Dutch had over the Portuguese?
they were wealthier countries
they had much better captains
they had much larger populations
they created joint-stock companies
52
The nation-state
was not limited to definite borders
arose in Europe because of its diversity of cultural groups
was incompatible with absolute monarchies
was embraced by the Ottoman Empire
53
The region with the greatest number of colonial and commercial competitors was
the Caribbean islands
the Philippines
the western coast of Africa
Indonesia
54
The vast majority of slaves
became domestic servants
died during the middle passage
were trained for simple, bureaucratic work
provided agricultural labor on plantations
55
In both Spanish and Portuguese colonies
criollos stood at the top of the social hierarchy
peninsulares stood at the top of the social hierarchy
meztisos were considered of lower rank than the natives
the mita was used in both gold and silver mines
56
The Columbian Exchange
drew the world's oceans into an active trade network
produced both positive and adverse effects on world pop.
improved the nutrition of American indigenous peoples
did not involve Africa
57
African kingdoms in the period from 1450 to 1750
featured monarchs who ruled without advisors
frequently enslaved their own people
ruled without the use of military units
were involved in the slave trade before arrival of Europeans
58
The African slave trade
was frequently the result of African rivalries
had no ties to Middle Eastern trade
replaced trade in gold and ivory
was limited to the Atlantic Ocean
59
How did Europeans like Mateo Ricci seek to impress the Chinese?
with new printing devices
with new additions to Confucian traditions
with science and technology
with innovations like the water clock
60
Which factor was not one of the reasons for the decline of the Islamic empires?
rising tensions between different religious groups
a collapse in the centuries-old civil service examination
changing trade routes that bypassed the empires
a series of weak and incompetent rulers
61
The Netherlands established colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPT
southern Africa
North America
South America
western Africa
62
Most Enlightenment philosophers believed
that the world was getting worse
that the world would end soon
in a geocentric universe
in the notion of progress
63
The first European colony in sub-Saharan Africa was
Angola
Zimbabwe
Kongo
Mozambique
64
The English and French engaged in rivalries over territory in
China
North America
Indonesia
East Africa
65
The chief Spanish royal administrators in the Americas were
the encomiendas
the haciendas
the peninsulares
the viceroys
66
Akbar's answer to the religious diversity and tension of India was to
declare India an atheistic state
attempt to crush all Hindu resistance
push Christianity in return for European-supplied weapons
create a syncretic religion called the "divine faith"
67
According to Confucian tradition, the most honorable class was
artisans
soldiers
merchants
peasants
68
Islam and Christianity usually spread into sub-Saharan Africa
as syncretic versions of the originals
as religions picked up by runaway slaves
solely because of military conquest
because the failure of Judaism to capture a larger audience
69
The term "mestizo" refers to
the Aztec term for the mysterious disease
the percentage of silver that went to the Spanish government
the coins that were used in the Aztec empire
an individual of indigenous and European parentage
70
The word ghazi refers to
Muslim religious warriors
Akbar's universal religion
the law codes of Suleyman
the tax that non-Muslims paid in Islamic countries
71
The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
were global movements
broke completely with classical traditions
continued medieval traditions
both held that reason could be used to improve humanity