Unit 4 Enlightenment Test Review

The final break w/ medieval Europe, supported math laws, began the idea that the physical world is shaped by people.

A ___________________ divides powers between national and state governments.

Provided evidence that supported Copernicus's heliocentric worldview. Used data & observation, proved moon & planet mvmt

Father of the Scientific Method, focused on inductive reasoning (experimentation and observation).

Father of Chemistry, matter is composed of tiny particles. Explained temperature & pressure on gases.

__________ incorporated literature about peoples' lives.

Encyclopedias included works on all but what?

A possible explanation to be tested is known as a ______________.

Focused on human reasoning and created deductive reasoning.

Best way to protect liberty was to divide functions and powers of government. Each branch would check the others' power.

What thinker inspired checks and balances?

Smith's economic belief that expressed that the government should not have interference in the workings of a free market

Enlightened despots influenced what?

Wrote On the Structure of the Human Body, which was the 1st accurate & detailed study of human anatomy.

Created Encyclopedias. Purpose was to change the general way of thinking with govt, philosophy, and religion.

Father of surgery. Developed new surgical techniques, introduced artificial limbs, invented several sci. instruments.

Robinson Crusoe and Pamela are both considered what?

What is the force that pulls objects in Earth's sphere?

Perfected the microscope, became 1st human to see cells and microorganisms.

The agreement where people give up some of their freedoms to the government to avoid chaos is what?

What is not considered a natural right?

The Social Contract, good of community should be placed above individual interests.

Published book explaining law of gravity. Partially invented calculus.

In a _______________, power is divided between national and state governments.

People are basically reasonable and moral. Natural rights should not be violated--life, liberty, and property.

Who was not considered an Enlightened Despot?

Revolution of the Heavenly Sphere, heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe.

People are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. Only a powerful government can make an orderly society.

Enlightenment works challenged the old order and were sometimes ____________.

Created the 3 Laws of Planetary motion, calculated the orbits of the planets, proving that they move in an ellipse.

Exposed abuses of his day (religious, slave trade, corrupt govt). Believed in dividing church & state.

Copernicus' __________ theory said that the sun was the center of the universe.

Enlightenment thinkers disguised their ideas in fiction to avoid what?

Where middle classes and nobility gathered to have intellectual discussions.

What did Martin Luther and Galileo Galilei have in common?

______________ art can be described as light, elegant, and charming.

Geocentric theory says that ____________ is at the center of the universe.

Only education can give women the tools they need to participate equally with men in public life.

Assembled a telescope and observed the 4 moons of Jupiter. Put on trial by the Church and recanted.

Believed in laissez faire: businesses should operate with little or no government interference.