A mineral deposit can be classified as an ore deposit when

valuable metals in the deposit can be mined at a profit.

The inner core is solid because

pressure from the weight of the surrounding layers prevents

The density of Earth's crust, mantle, and core increases moving toward Earth's center because

Early in Earths history, it separated into layers according

When the magnetic field of Earth is reversed,

newly formed mineral grains on the ocean floor are magnetize

grinding airborne sediments against rock and carrying away s

What is the primary mechanism by which plants protect climate?

They take carbon dioxide out of the air during photosynthesi

Alfred Wegener supported his theory of continental drift by

making a connection between the rocks, rock structures, and

Why are plate boundaries the sites of most geologic activity?

Plates interact with one another at their boundaries.

Why is the solution to pollution

Some pollutants are toxic at such low concentrations that th

Transform faults are areas of crustal

accommodation and plate movement.

Contact metamorphic rocks are typically not foliated because

contact metamorphism occurs from heat and not

How does the ocean change with increasing depth?

It gets darker and colder, pressure increases and it contain

mode of heat transfer that carries heat from Earth's core

uneven and generally follows surface contours.

Clouds continually are pulled to the ground by gravity. Why do they stay aloft?

Updrafts of air oppose the gravitational force.

studbud

Exam 2 Phsyics

118 termsStudBud Administration99 plays

Physics

Flashcards118 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 118

Answers

1
The fastest seismic wave is a
secondary wave.
tertiary wave.
Rayleigh wave.
primary wave.
2
Moh's scale is defined on the basis of minerals that have different
cleavage directions.
shapes.
hardnesses.
colors.
3
Magma that solidifies before reaching Earth's surface is called
intrusive igneous rock.
a pluton.
plutonic rock.
all of the above
4
An air mass that contains warm, moist air is a
Maritime continental air mass.
Polar tropical air mass.
Continental polar air mass.
Maritime tropical air mass.
5
Which of the following properties most clearly reflects the internal arrangement of atoms in a
specific gravity
color
cleavage
luster
6
Tsunami are usually caused by
earthquakes.
global warming
Earth's changing orbit.
Milankovich cycles.
7
Which of the following is not produced by water in the atmosphere?
clouds
humidity
ocean currents
precipitation
8
On what day of the year does the North Pole tilt most directly toward the Sun?
the winter solstice
the fall equinox
the spring equinox
the summer solstice
9
Most of Earth's freshwater is located in
polar ice caps and glaciers.
rivers, lakes, and streams.
the atmosphere.
groundwater.
10
A mineral deposit can be classified as an ore deposit when
valuable metals are present in the deposit.
it contains valuable gemstone quality minerals.
valuable metals in the deposit can be mined at a profit.
it contains valuable fossil fuels.
11
The inner core is solid because
pressure from the weight of the surrounding layers prevents
it is composed of iron and nickel.
the surrounding outer layers act as a blanket to insulate
None of these, for the inner core is not solid, but liquid.
12
The density of Earth's crust, mantle, and core increases moving toward Earth's center because
Earth's elements are distributed evenly
The charged particles flowing in the outer core repel the
Early in Earths history, it separated into layers according
Earth is plastic throughout its structure today and in th
13
An "ice sheet" is also known as a(n)
polar continent.
alpine glacier.
frozen lake.
continental glacier.
14
The size of a stream channel depends on the
gradient of the stream.
stream channel's load.
stream velocity.
All of the above
15
When you stretch a rubber band you are applying
simple stress.
tensional stress.
none of the above
compressional stress.
16
The most common carbonate rock is
halite.
limestone
dolomite.
calcite
17
Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness. The planes of weakness
crystal size.
hardness.
chemical bond.
chemical bond.
18
When the magnetic field of Earth is reversed,
newly formed mineral grains on the ocean floor are magnetize
Earth flips over in its orbit.
Earth's rotation is also reversed.Submit
19
Expensive homes on coastal cliffs are at risk due to
erosion from streams.
erosion from groundwater.
erosion from ocean waves.
erosion from wind.
20
Which of the following is not a type of Volcano?
cinder cone
hot spot
shield
composite
21
Wind erodes rock by
applying the force of air molecules to rock.
grinding airborne sediments against rock and carrying away s
none of theseSubmit
applying water vapor molecules to rock.
22
If the rock particles in a sedimentary rock are relatively small and if the grains are well
short distance for a long time.
long distance for a long time.
short distance.
23
Minerals are formed by the process of
crystallization.
magma differentiation.
partial melting.
silica enrichment
24
Spreading centers occur along
transform faults.
mid-ocean ridges.
the northern and western margins of the Juan de Fuca plate.
trenches
25
The majority of surface rocks are
metamorphic.
extrusive.
sedimentary.
intrusive.
26
What is the primary mechanism by which plants protect climate?
They lower the air temperature by absorbing heat.
They emit water vapor into the air during transpiration.
They take oxygen out of the air for respiration.Submit
They take carbon dioxide out of the air during photosynthesi
27
Which landform can develop where groundwater dissolves rock?
sand dune
cave
beach
sea stack
28
Alfred Wegener supported his theory of continental drift by
using satellite data to show the continents' move over time.
Alfred Wegener supported his theory of continental drift by
fitting together the shorelines of the African and Asian con
making a connection between the rocks, rock structures, and
29
Scientists agree that global warming
is occurring.
will make Denver more rainy and Athens more windy.
will cause the extinction of the human race.
will promote ecological diversity because many new habitats
30
What is ozone?
a gas that resides in the stratosphere
all of the above
a gas consisting of molecules containing three oxygen atoms
a gas that blocks ultraviolet radiation from reaching Earth
31
Why are plate boundaries the sites of most geologic activity?
Heat from Earth's core escapes between tectonic plates.
Plates interact with one another at their boundaries.
Plate boundaries are not sites of most geologic activity.
Plate boundaries are zones of weak crustal material.
32
Why is the solution to pollution
Water itself is a pollutant.Submit
Some pollutants are toxic at such low concentrations that th
Some pollutants cannot be dissolved in any solvent.
Liquid pollutants cannot be dissolved in water.
33
How can rock respond to stress?
It can break.
It can deform plastically.
It can deform elastically.
all of these
34
How would you characterize the size of the sediments that slowly moving water can carry?
small
large
large and small
Slowly moving water cannot carry sediments.
35
What was the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history?
The Loma Prieta earthquake
The Boxing Day tsunami
Hurricane Hugo
Hurricane Katrina
36
A foliated metamorphic rock derived from granite is
slate.
quartzite.
marble.
gneiss.
37
Transform faults are areas of crustal
formation.
destruction.
subduction
accommodation and plate movement.
38
Contact metamorphic rocks are typically not foliated because
contact metamorphism does not produce minerals, such as
contact metamorphism occurs from heat and not
39
How does the ocean change with increasing depth?
It gets darker and warmer, pressure decreases and it contain
It gets darker, warmer, and contains more organisms.
It gets darker and colder, pressure increases and it contain
It doesn't change in a consistent way.
40
The angle at which the Sun's rays strike the Earth has a great effect on
the way climate varies with latitude.
the intensity of solar energy received at Earth's surface.
Earth's seasons.
all of the above
41
The ultimate cause of tectonic plate motion is the
escape of heat from Earth's interior.
all of the aboveSubmit
tendency for heat to spread out.
second law of thermodynamics.
42
A sedimentary rock can turn into an igneous rock by
compaction.
melting and cooling.
weathering and lithification.
compaction and cementation.
43
The basic building block of all silicate minerals is the
silicate triangular structure.
silicate cleavage direction.
crystalline silicate sulfur.
silicate tetrahedron.
44
Which of the following is
convergent plate boundary
fault plate boundary
transform plate boundary
divergent plate boundary
45
Rocks can begin to melt if
the rocks' water content increases thereby decreasing the
heated by rising magma from Earth's inte
a decrease in pressure results in a sufficient d
all of the above
46
The property of a mineral to break along planes of weakness is referred to as
fracture
hardness
cleavage.
bond strength.
47
Convection is a
mode of heat transfer that carries heat from Earth's core
mode of heat transfer that circulates heat within Earth's ma
mode of heat transfer that carries heat from Earth's interio
form of insulation that maintains Earth's internal temp
48
The water table is
uneven and generally follows surface contours.
part of the mantle
flat like a kitchen table.
located 100 feet under the ground.
49
Clouds continually are pulled to the ground by gravity. Why do they stay aloft?
Updrafts of air oppose the gravitational force.
New cloud droplets continually replace those that fall to us
Water evaporating from Earth's surface presents an opposin
Clouds weigh so little that they fall too slowly to be noti
50
Why are beaches that rim the Pacific Ocean among the most geologically risky locations to live?
all of the above
Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur there.
If sea levels rise in the future as predicted, beach locat
Most tsunami occur there.
51
Body waves
come in two principal types.
refract at Earth's boundary layers.
all of the aboveSubmit
travel through Earth's interior following an earthquake.
52
When the mineral assemblage of a rock changes due to high temperature and pressure, the rock
crystal deformation.
secondary metamorphism.
all of the above
recrystallization
53
What generally causes earthquakes?
the release of radioactivity from Earth's interior
global warming
motion of tectonic plates
break-up of the continents
54
Glaciers are like dirty snowballs because they
are round.
consist of debris embedded in ice.
are always melting.
roll like a ball.
55
Seismic waves are classified as body waves and surface waves. An example of a body wave is a
tertiary wave (T-wave).
primary wave (P-wave).
56
Of the following rocks, the one that does
shale.
conglomerate
marble.
sandstone.
57
Convergent boundaries are areas of
plate collision.
crustal formation.
58
The first minerals to crystallize are those with the
lower melting point.
higher melting point.
59
How are weather and climate related?
Climate and weather are both produced by plate tectonics.
Climate is the average weather over a period of many years.
Climate is the weather at a particular place and time.
Weather is climate that can be measured.
60
The theory of seafloor spreading is supported by
geological, biological, and climatological data.
the change in Earth's polarity.
paleomagnetic analysis of the ocean's floor.
none of the above
61
Where are most of the volcanoes on Earth located?
in Sumatra
around the equator
in the Ring of Fire
in Sumatra
62
The theory of continental drift is credited to
J. Tuzo Wilson.
H. H. Hess.
W. Loma Prieta.
Alfred Wegener.
63
What slows the escape of long-wave radiation form Earth's surface?
trees
greenhouse gases.
rain
nitrogen gas.
64
The troposphere is the atmospheric layer where
weather occurs.
the Aurora Borealis occurs.
ozone absorbs incoming ultraviolet radiation from space.
temperature increases with altitude.
65
Anticlines and synclines are like
the compression in a tennis ball when it hits a racket.
wrinkles in a rug when you push the ends of the rug toward
strike-slip faults because they rub together.
the stretched places in a piece of taffy when you pull its
66
The upper mantle can be divided into two zones, the
asthenosphere in the upper, upper mantle
continental mantle and the oceanic mantle.
Moho and the lithosphere.Submit
asthenosphere in the lower upper mantle and part of the lito
67
Evaporation of seawater produces clouds that precipitate freshwater because
the clouds retain the salt from the evaporated seawater.
salts are left behind when water evaporates.
salts convert to atmospheric gas after seawater evaporates.
dissolved salt prevents evaporation.
68
Almost all energy on Earth comes directly or indirectly from
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Earth's interior.
the Sun
radioactivity
69
Moist air blows across warm water to colder areas inland. What might this produce?
a cold air front
fog
decreased inland temperatures
a temperature inversion
70
The seasons are primarily due to
the wavelength of solar radiation.
the tilt of Earth's axis.
variations in greenhouse gas levels.
the distance of Earth from the Sun.
71
Limestone may be made up of
plant debris.
animal bones
fragments of granitic and andesitic rocks.
shell fragments from marine animals.
72
Wind is due to
Earth's rotation.Submit
storms that push air in front of them.
the greenhouse effect.
pressure differences in the atmosphere.
73
The lithosphere rides on top of the asthenosphere. Lithospheric movement causes
widespread destruction.Submit
earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain building activi
the subduction of continental crust under oceanic crust.
hot-spot activity as found in Hawaii.
74
All minerals are
synthetic.
crystalline solids.
organic.
organic.
75
Minerals are composed of
common types of rocks.
silicon compounds.
homogeneous solids.
elements joined as compounds.
76
The physical property of cleavage, the tendency of certain minerals to split along certain plan
sapphire.
quartz
mica.
chalk.
77
Earth's internal layers were discovered by studying
seismic waves.
the Mohorovicic discontinuity.
convection cells.Submit
Rayleigh and Love waves.
78
Metamorphism caused by the close proximity of a magma source is called
contact metamorphism.
dynamic metamorphism.
none of the above
regional metamorphism.
79
Rocks altered by heat and pressure beneath Earth's surface are
extrusive sedimentary rocks.
igneous rocks.
intrusive igneous rocks.
metamorphic rocks.
80
Most ocean surface currents are due to
global winds.
melting polar glaciers.
river flow into the ocean.
local winds.
81
The mineral gold (Au) is very soft. Gold's softness can be attributed to
large, closely packed, and strong bonded atoms
large, loosely packed, and loosely bonded atoms.
small, loosely bonded atoms.
large, tightly packed atoms.
82
Your kid brother predicts that another earthquake will occur in the San Francisco area. True??
Yes, because earthquakes always occur in clusters.
Yes, because a tectonic plate boundary runs through San Fran
Yes, bc San Fran hasn't had a big earthquake since 1906.
Yes, because there is a hot spot under San Francisco.
83
The sea is salty because
it contains salts from Earth's crust that have been dumped i
rainwater is salty.
marine organisms manufacture salts.Submit
the mantle is salty.
84
Water flow into the cracks in a boulder and freezes The water expands and pushes the rock apart
mechanical weathering
fast weathering
chemical weathering
differential weathering
85
A mineral's hardness is dependent on the
strength of its ionization.
strength of its chemical bonds.
size of its atoms; large atoms are harder than small atoms.
geometric arrangement of atoms; sheet structured tetrahe
86
Where is the world's largest glacier located?
Antarctica
Greenland
Asia
Minnesota
87
Erosion and deposition
affect the movement of Earth's tectonic plates.
occur on land but not in the ocean basin.
create landforms such as caves, waterfalls and valleys.
are usually human-caused processes.
88
What percentage of Earth's water is freshwater?
3%
50%
85%
25%
89
Earthquake P-waves are most like
sound waves because they are longitudinal
water waves because they have crests and troughs.
light waves because they are transverse.
90
Daylight and nighttime hours are equal
during the equinoxes.
in mid-January and mid-June.
They are never equal.
during the summer and winter solstices.
91
New lithosphere is formed at
transform plate boundaries.
ocean trenches.
spreading centers.
convergent plate boundaries.
92
The gases that make up 99% of Earth's atmosphere are
oxygen and hydrogen.
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
oxygen and nitrogen.
nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
93
According to most estimates, Earth is approximately
4.6 trillion years old.
4.6 billion years old.
4.6 million years old.
4.6 thousand years old.
94
The lithosphere floats atop the
asthenosphere.
mohorovicic.
mantle.
crust
95
The ocean floor topography is
unknown.
varied.
smooth.
flat
96
The layered appearance of foliated metamorphic rocks is due to the
mechanics of weathering minerals.
realignment of minerals so that they are perpendicular to co
laying down of minerals, layer upon layer.
recrystallization of minerals.
97
The elements of weather include
temperature and precipitation.
the seasons and clouds.
humidity and global warming.Submit
latitude and humidity.
98
The property many metamorphic rocks exhibit by flat or elongated mineral grains in parallel lay
lithification
schist
cleavage.
foliation.
99
The core of Earth is probably composed of
silicate minerals.
aluminum oxides.
calcium magnesium sulfate.Submit
iron and nickel.
100
Glaciers reshape Earth's surface because they
move tectonic plates.
move
pluck rocks out of the ground carry them away and deposit th
contain enormous amounts of water.
101
The oldest rocks that have been dated by radioactivity are approximately
200 million years old.
2 million years old.Submit
10 billion years old.
4 billion years old.
102
Regions in which earthquakes are common are also regions in which
hurricanes are common.
volcanoes are common.
the geomagnetic force is strong.
many fossils are found.
103
When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, Earth is tilted
so that the North Pole tilts away from the Sun.
so that the South Pole tilts toward the Sun.
so that the North Pole tilts toward the Sun.
so that the North Pole and South Pole are equidistant from t
104
Color is not a reliable means for mineral identification because
minerals come in a variety of colors, and chemical impuri
there are so many colored minerals.
a mineral's powdered color is different than its solid colo
minerals can weather and change color.
105
What process produces most caves?
the dissolving action of glaciers on rock, on marble
the dissolving action of groundwater on rock, on marble
the dissolving action of groundwater on rock, on limestone
the dissolving action of streams on rock, on marble
106
Earth's layer with the most brittle behavior is the
mantle.
outer core.
inner core.
crust
107
The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are
quartz and feldspar.
silicon and oxygen.
oxygen and aluminum.
silicates and carbonates.
108
What geological process created the Grand Canyon?
groundwater erosion
wave erosion
glacial erosion
stream erosion
109
If the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, Earth's average global temp
stay the same.
fluctuate wildly.
increase.
decrease.
110
Some ________ rock is formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water.
metamorphic
igneous and metamorphic
sedimentary
igneous
111
What is one reason that modern cities are warmer than rural areas?
Concrete retains heat better than vegetation.
Cities contain more species of plants and animals.
Cities are closer to water.
There is more evaporation from city streets than from rock a
112
What is the scientific name for the dark, tall, puffy clouds that indicate a storm is coming?
cirrus clouds
cumulus clouds
cumulonimbus clouds
stratus clouds
113
Based on abundance in Earth's crust most rocks have a mineral composed of the elements oxygen
silicon.
carbon.
sulfur.
iron.
114
Why does sea level rise when climate warms?
Water expands.
Neither
Both
Glaciers melt.
115
What part of the water cycle requires direct input of solar energy?
condensation
evaporation
infiltration
precipitation
116
Most of Earth's seismic activity, volcanism, and mountain formation occur along
convergent boundaries.
plate boundaries.
transform fault boundaries.Submit
divergent boundaries.
117
Mountain ranges that are made up of many folded mountains are usually produced by
uplifting along fault planes.
tectonic tension.
tectonic compression.
magma rising up from Earth's interior.
118
Rocks are grouped into three classes depending on how the rock was
located.
formed.
discovered.
shaped.

Exam 2 Phsyics Flashcards | StudBud