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Fall AP Biology Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Fall AP Biology Review
Fall AP Biology Review
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1
A controlled experiment _____.
the scientist controls all variables in one group
is repeated many times to ensure the results are accurate
two groups, one does not receive the experimental treatment
has two groups, one differing from the other in many ways
2
The hydrogenation of vegetable oil results in which of the following?
saturated fats and unsaturated fats with trans double bonds
an increased contribution to artherosclerosis
all options apply
the oil (fat) being a solid at room temperature
3
How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
Theories are broad in scope; hypotheses are more specific
Hypotheses are broad in scope; theories are more specific
Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses.
Theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories.
4
What is the approximate atomic mass of an atom with 16 neutrons, 15 protons, and 15 electrons?
30 daltons
31 daltons
15 daltons
16 daltons
5
Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?
Evaporation of the water in the drink increases.
The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases.
Kinetic energy in the drink decreases.
Molecular collisions in the drink increase.
6
When two atoms are equally electronegative, they will interact to form
nonpolar covalent bonds.
ionic bonds.
ions.
polar covalent bonds.
7
How do isotopes of the same element differ from each other?
number of electrons
number of neutrons
number of protons
valence electron distribution
8
At what temperature is water at its densest?
4°C
0°C
212°C
32°C
9
Which of the following is not a polymer?
Starch
DNA
Glucose
Cellulose
10
What structure is shown here?
steroid molecule
protein molecule
phospholipid molecule
starch molecule
11
At which level of structure are interactions between the side chains (Rgroups)
most
important?
Quaternary
Tertiary
Primary
Secondary
12
A polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are in this protein?
100
98
99
101
13
Water's high specific heat is mainly a consequence of the
high specific heat of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
absorption and release of heat when H bonds break and form.
small size of the water molecules.
fact that water is a poor heat conductor.
14
Whichstructure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported fromthe cell?
roughER
Golgivesicles
plasmodesmata
lysosomes
15
What is the name of the functional group shown?
Carbonyl
Aldehyde
Hydroxyl
Carboxyl
16
Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?
polar covalent bonds
covalent bonds
nonpolar covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
17
Which of the following molecules contains the strongest polar covalent bond?
H2O
CH4
CO2
18
Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
ancestors from different regions
mutation frequency
the accuracy of the fossil record
adaptive radiation
19
Which of the following
best
describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?
RNA→ DNA → proteins
DNA→ RNA → proteins
RNA→ proteins → DNA
DNA→ proteins → RNA
20
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
Archaea and Anamalia
Bacteria and Protista
Bacteria and Archaea
Archaea and Monera
21
A molecule with the chemical formula C
6
H
12
O
6
is probably a
carbohydrate
monosaccharide
carbohydrate and monosaccharide only
carbohydrate and lipid only
22
You find yourself standing next to a rose bush. What do you and the rose have in common?
You are both multicellular
You are both prokaryotic
You both lack a membrane bound nucleus
You and the rose have nothing in common
23
On food packages, to what does the term "insoluble fiber" refer?
chitin
starch
polypeptides
cellulose
24
The term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?
tertiary protein
chaperonin
enzyme protein
denaturing protein
25
What is the maximum number of electrons in the 1s orbital of an atom?
4
2
6
1
26
Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are
polar substances that have an affinity for water.
nonpolar substances that repel water molecules.
charged molecules that hydrogen-bond with water molecules.
polar substances that repel water molecules.
27
The atomic number of neon is 10. So, which of the following is correct about an atom of neon?
It has 10 electrons in its outer electron shell.
It has an atomic mass of 10 daltons.
It is inert.
28
Which of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions [H+]?
gastric juice at pH 2
tomato juice at pH 4
vinegar at pH 3
household bleach at pH 12
29
The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as _____.
technology
pure science
deductive science
inductive science
30
Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of
inorganic compounds
water and its interaction with molecules
carbon compounds
functional groups
31
Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?
Calcium
Nitrogen
Sodium
Iodine
32
The α helix and the β pleated sheet are both common shapes found in which level of structure?
Tertiary
Secondary
Quaternary
Primary
33
What is the chemical mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
phosphodiester linkages
dehydration reactions
ionic bonding of monomers
hydrolysis
34
Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and an atomic mass of 40. So, a calcium atom must have
40 neutrons
40 electrons
20 protons
35
Which of the following ionizes completely in solution and is considered to be a strong acid?
H2CO3
NH3
HCl
CH3COOH
36
What gives rise to the cohesiveness of water molecules?
ionic bonds
nonpolar covalent bonds
hydrophobic interactions
hydrogen bonds
37
Which of the following types of cells utilize DNA but do not have DNA in a nuclear envelope?
fungi
animal
archaean
plant
38
# of molecules of water needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?
11
10
22
7
39
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a _____.
ecosystem
family
population
community
40
All of the following contain amino acids except
cholesterol.
hemoglobin.
enzymes.
insulin.
41
In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes _____.
do not have membranes
are more structurally complex
are larger
are smaller
42
A solution contains 0.0001 moles of H
+
per liter. Which best describes this solution?
acidic: H+ acceptor
basic: H+ acceptor
acidic: H+ donor
basic: H+ donor
43
In the process of science, which of these is tested?
a result
an observation
hypothesis
a control group
44
Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
genomics
taxonomy
evolution
informatics
45
This is the molecular formula for a molecule made by bonding three glucose molecules together.
Kittens!!
C18H36O18
C18H32O16
C18H10O15
46
How many molecules of glycerol (C
3
H
8
O
3
) would be present in 1 L of a 1 M glycerol solution?
1 × 107
14
6.02 × 1023
47
Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?
They are geometric isomers of each other.
They are both used for energy storage in plants.
They are both polymers of glucose.
They can both be digested by humans.
48
Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen
49
The two molecules shown are best described as
enantiomers.
radioactive isotopes.
structural isomers.
geometric isomers
50
This phylogenetic tree _____.
includes noncellular life-forms
depicts the three major domains of life
includes unicellular but not multicellular life
51
In ammonium chloride salt (NH
4
Cl) the anion is a single Cl
-
. What is the cation of NH
4
Cl?
N, with a charge of +3
NH4 with a charge of +1
H, with a charge of +1
52
Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds?
proteins
polysaccharides
All of the options are correct
triacylglycerides
53
A 0.1M solution of glucose in water will have ____ glucose molecules per liter?
12.04 × 1023
6.02 × 1022
3.01 × 1023
54
Lactose is composed of one glucose joined to one galactose. How is lactose classified?
as a monosaccharide
as a disaccharide
as a hexose
as a polysaccharide
55
In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by
polar covalent bonds.
van der Waals interactions.
ionic bonds.
hydrogen bonds.
56
Competition is central to the theory of natural selection. Why does competition occur?
Production of too many offspring, and resources are limited.
Females must choose among possible mates.
Males must defend their territories.
Organisms are naturally antagonistic.
57
The mass number can be approximated by adding the number of _______ in an atom of that element.
neutrons and electrons
protons and electrons
protons and neutrons
energy levels
58
Whatis a triacylglycerol?
a lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol
amolecule formed from three alcohols
a protein with tertiary structure
alipid that makes up much of the plasma membrane
59
The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when
sodium gains an electron from chlorine.
chlorine gains an electron from sodium.
sodium and chlorine share an electron pair.
60
Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because
the water molecule is shaped like a tetrahedron.
atoms in a water molecule are polar covalent bonds.
the oxygen atom in the molecule has a weak positive charge.
oxygen has a valence of 2.
