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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
2
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
humanist
3
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
amygdala
4
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
5
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
6
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
systematic desensitization
REBT
7
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
closure
linear perspective
retinal disparity
8
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
9
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
10
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
11
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
12
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
environment
temperament
family
13
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
14
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
15
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
deindividuation
group polarization
16
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
17
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
18
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
content validity
predictive validity
19
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
20
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
21
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
situational
fundamental
internal
22
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
modes
variances
normally distributed
23
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
insight learning
latent learning
observational learning
24
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
25
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
26
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
27
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
superordinate goals
28
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
29
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
attachment
30
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
random assignment
assignment to conditions
31
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
attachment
parenting style
32
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
33
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
token economy
law of effect
34
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
partial
primary
secondary
35
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
anal stage
36
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
37
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
a theory
38
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
iris
blind spot
retina
39
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
archetypes
40
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
construct validity
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
41
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
42
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
43
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
44
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
45
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
adrenaline
46
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
MRI
EEG
rTMS
47
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
48
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
49
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
latent learning
sublimation
50
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
51
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
standard deviation
range
median
52
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
53
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
54
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
55
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
56
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
57
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
58
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
sight
touch
smell
59
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
60
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
61
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
62
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
brain injury
leading questions
proactive interference
63
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
64
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
habituation
accommodation
discrimination
65
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
66
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
67
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
difference threshold
signal detection theory
68
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cornea
cones
optic nerve
69
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
neuroticism
70
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
latent learning
social learning theory
71
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
72
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
73
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
74
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
75
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : punish
76
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
make new friends
77
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
78
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
79
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
80
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
81
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
terminal button
myelin
82
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
83
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
84
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
standardized
triarchic
achievement
85
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
standard deviation
mean
86
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
personalities
daily activities
87
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
balance
touch
hearing
88
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
89
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
90
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
91
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
92
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
dispositional
social
situational
93
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
94
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
IQ test
95
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
96
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
97
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebellum
medulla
cerebral cortex
98
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
99
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
100
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
101
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
102
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
planning for the future
103
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
stepping
rooting
Babinski
104
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
disinhibition
conformity
social roles
105
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
puberty
mid 30s
early 20s
106
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
positive psychology
107
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
108
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
109
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
110
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
111
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
continuous
fixed ratio
fixed variable
112
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
113
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
114
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
115
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
116
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
117
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
118
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
119
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
beta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
120
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
121
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
122
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
84
50
95
123
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
124
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
125
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
126
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
127
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
128
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
129
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
130
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
absolute threshold
131
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
cognitive
psychoanalytic
trait
132
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
133
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
134
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
135
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
behavioral
structuralist
cognitive
136
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
correlation study
naturalistic observation
experiment
137
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
deindividuation
group polarization
138
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
say a sentence
cut with a knife
clap their hands
139
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
140
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
pons
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
141
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
142
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
143
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
144
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
145
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
146
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
individualism
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
147
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
a strong superego
148
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
149
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
150
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
151
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
evolutionary
cognitive
psychodynamic
152
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
153
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
activation-synthesis
154
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
lithium
155
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
156
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
morpheme
phoneme
grapheme
157
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
158
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
159
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
postconventional
160
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
161
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
schizophrenic
dissociative
anixety
162
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
corpus callosum
163
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
William James
B.F. Skinner