blocks the action of neurotransmitters

Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...

an intermittent reinforcement schedule

You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which

demonstrates an illusory correlation

how alternatives in a decision problem are presented

If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...

the other boy started it and he was defending himself

Negative reinforcement involves...

the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

150 termsStudBud Administration

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 150

Answers

1
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
2
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
3
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
4
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
neodynamism
functionalism
5
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
insight
intelligence
reasoning
6
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
pitch
loudness
timbre
7
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
8
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
an amphetamine
a sedative
9
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
10
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
display rules
parental investments
investment differentiations
social scripts
11
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
content
absolute
criterion-related
12
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
13
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
surprise
fear
happiness
14
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
functionalism
individualism
collectivism
15
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
16
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
17
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
18
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
conflict
pressure
change
19
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
psychological tests
physiological recordings
direct observation
20
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
21
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
psychological stability
22
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
23
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
obedience
cognitive dissonance
conformity
24
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
IQ
a potential score
mental age
25
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
fill-feed
car-nose
tree-bird
26
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the observational group
the experimental group
the correlational group
27
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
encoded
retrieved
modeled
ablated
28
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an external attribution
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
a distinctive attribution
29
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
displacement
fixation
regression
30
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
31
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
32
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
33
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
illusions
hallucinations
delusions
34
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
preconventional
conventional
postconventional
35
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
low in openness
high in agreeableness
36
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
similiarity
constancy
symmetry
37
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
38
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
spatial
logical-mathemathical
musical
39
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
40
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
cochlea
oval window
stirrup
41
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
42
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
43
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
aggressiveness
excessive guilt
manipulative behavior
44
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
shaping
selection
stimulus discrimination
45
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
action potentials
neurotransmitters
agonists
46
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rabbit
fear reaction
rat
47
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
personality
temperament
attachment
48
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
49
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
50
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
social loafing
deindividuation
group polarization
51
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 4
stage 1
REM
stage 2
52
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
time of testing
cross-sectional
longitundinal
sequential
53
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a projective test
54
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
55
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
cornea
lens
iris
56
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
strange situation
shared inhibition
57
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
58
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
59
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
60
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
61
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
62
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
63
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
light purity
brightness
saturation
64
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
escape learning
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
65
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
lesioning
tumor ligation
66
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
food/meat powder
salivation
light
67
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
68
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
69
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
narcotics
alcohol
sedatives
70
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
phonemic
mnemonic
platonic
71
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
72
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
73
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
punishment
observational learning
74
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
75
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
76
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
the cephalopedal trend
the proximodistal trend
encephalitis
77
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
gamma
beta
alpha
78
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
long-term
intermediate-term
sensory
79
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
80
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
81
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
thalamus
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
82
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
recognition
relearning
reiteration
83
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
fear the dark
print letters
tie shoe laces
84
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
abstract operations
logical reasoning
85
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
accuracy of inference
consistency
predictability
86
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cognitive structuring
schematizing
cultural direction
stereotypes
87
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
drive theory
88
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
spinal cord
89
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
90
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
91
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
92
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
None of the Above
93
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
standardized validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
94
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
conversion disorder
panic disorder
fugue
bipolar disorder
95
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
an achievement test
96
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
sensation
perception
processing
97
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
98
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
schema
semantic network
script
99
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
100
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
complete storage failure
101
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
102
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
an obsession
a compulsion
a phobia
a delusion
103
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
104
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
105
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
marital problems
schizophrenia
106
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
107
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
mean
midpoint
median
108
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
the autonomic nervous system
memory
feeding
109
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
personality; standardized
110
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
pituitary
thalamus
gonads
111
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
112
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs. mistrust
113
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
insomnia
114
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
115
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
116
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
schizophrenic
anxiety
mood
117
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test norms
test scores
test levels
118
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
limbic system
cerebellum
reticular formation
brainstem
119
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
latent learning
120
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender differences
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
121
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the conscious
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
122
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
prejudices
stereotypes
attributions
123
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
percentiles
standard deviation
means
124
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
125
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
prefrontal cortex
126
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
unipolar
bipolar
cyclical
dissociative
127
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
reversibility
conservation
centration
128
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
phonemes
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
129
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
been dreaming
130
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
experiences mild manic states
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
131
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
episodic
fluid
crystallized
132
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
133
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
post-conventional moral reasoning
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
134
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
opiates
teratogens
prenatals
135
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
136
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
137
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
hypnosis
perception
consciousness
138
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
anal
oral
latency
139
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
140
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
141
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
subliminal perception
a false alarm
142
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
143
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
144
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
145
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
146
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
mentalism
cognition
introspection
147
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
behavior
conscious experience
the unconscious
148
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
149
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
150
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
heroin
marijuana
mescaline

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud