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AP Psychology Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review
AP Psychology Exam Review
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1
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Equilibrium
Primary satisfaction
Homeostasis
Self-actualization
2
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Concerns over validity
Sampling error
The need for a representative sample
Many confounding variables
3
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
4
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Gestalt Theory
Structuralism
The unconscious mind
Behaviorism
5
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Picking your friend's names out of a hat to assign them to a condition.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
Pointing to each subject and assigning them to an experimental group.
6
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because...
Researchers apply findings from other areas of psychology.
It is more easily applied to people's lives than research.
Pure research is difficult to gain support for.
Original research in this area is difficult.
7
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
US
CS
UR
CR
8
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
9
The information-processing theory states that dreams...
Occur as the brain deals with daily events during REM sleep.
Are representations of the information we encode daily.
Occur only after stressful events.
Are by-products of how our brain processes information.
10
To establish behaviorism as a paradigm of psychology, John Watson relied on the work of...?
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
11
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Elements of language.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
12
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
13
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan is a perfectionist.
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
14
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
15
What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?
6
4.5
5
5.5
16
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Abstract reasoning
Spatial reasoning
Control of the left hand
Producing speech
17
Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?
Albert Ellis
Carl Rogers
Fritz Perls
Aaron Beck
18
Today, schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Anti-Psychotics
Prozac
Valium
Insulin Shock Therapy
19
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
20
In the Milgram studies, which is NOT a factor that promotes obedience?
The researcher was in the room.
The research was seen as an authority figure.
The victim was close and able to be seen.
There were no models for defiance in the room.
21
Which of the following psychologists might have described himself as a humanist?
John Watson
Abraham Maslow
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
22
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
23
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval
Variable Ratio
Continuous
24
Schachter's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
A combination of reactions & interpretation causes emotions.
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
25
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Self-esteem
Reading ability
Motor development
Intelligence
26
Wilhelm Wundt used a research methodology called...?
Introspection
Inferential
Structuralism
Naturalistic observation
27
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
28
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Biological processes
Individual choice
Unconscious behavioral impulses
Past conditioning
29
Psychologists who draw from different theoretical perspectives or use different treatment styles are known as...?
Mixed
Eclectic
Open-minded
Flexible
30
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
Endorphins
Serotonin
GABA
Dopamine
31
After dating for several weeks, Megan tells Francisco all of her personal thoughts and secrets. She is engaging in...
In-group bias
Deindividuation
Open communication
Self-disclosure
32
All of the following people are known for their theories of intelligences, EXCEPT...?
Flynn
Thurstone
Sternberg
Gardner
33
One possible symptom of schizophrenia is for people to suffer from...
Hallucinations
Compulsions
Multiple personalities
Depression
34
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Convergence
Texture gradient
Interposition
Linear perspective
35
Which concept from memory directly contradicts the belief that humans never forget anything?
Constructive Memory
Sensory Memory
Recovered Memory
Selective Attention
36
Which process involves counterconditioning?
Somatic therapy
Systematic desensitization
Transference
ECT
37
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Avoidant
Secure
Authoritative
Authoritarian
38
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
39
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
MRI and CAT
EKG and CAT
CAT and EKG
PET and EEG
40
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
Our adaptability to different problems.
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
41
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
42
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Regression
Sublimation
Rationalization
Denial
43
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
The number of participants involved.
The developmental stage of the participants.
The time span of the study.
44
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
45
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Extraversion
Honesty
Openness
Agreeableness
46
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Hallucinations
Tardive dyskinesia
Memory loss
Hysteria
47
A therapist who uses both psychotherapy and medications for the patient is using which approach...
Functionalist
Humanist
Eclectic
Social-cultural
48
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
49
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Endorphins
Acetylcholine
Adrenaline
Serotonin
50
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Cognitive
51
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Thorazine
Acetylcholine
52
Juan believes he is a government spy trying to save the world from a global threat. Juan is suffering from...
Hallucinations
Obsessions
Delusions
Compulsions
53
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It tests what it is supposed to test.
It is given in the same way every time.
It yields consistent results.
It is also valid.
54
Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?
Water
Money
Food
Shelter
55
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
Buying a child a video game after she completes her chores.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
56
Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?
Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.
Ginny thinks all Asians are smart.
Billy won't let girls play on his hockey team.
Mr. Tamp calls on boys more often than girls.
57
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Structuralist
Behaviorist
Biopsychologist
Psychoanalytic
58
According to the universal grammar theory, language is acquired...
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
59
Weber's Law determines...
Just-noticeable difference
Amplitude of sound waves
Level of subliminal messages
Absolute threshold
60
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
Body temperature and desire to eat.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
61
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A positive self-concept.
A strong libido.
A high sense of self-efficacy.
A belief in luck.
62
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Identity
Autonomy
Affection
Career
63
The cochlea is responsible for...
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
64
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
Panic Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Acrophobia
Conversion Disorder
65
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Achievement test
Intelligence test
Aptitude test
Standardized test
66
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which of Piaget's stages?
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
67
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
Which pain messages are perceived.
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
68
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
69
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Musical
Practical
Spatial
Linguistic
70
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
NREM-3
REM Sleep
NREM-2
NREM-1
71
Which of the following is the best analogy for how psychologists view consciousness?
The ignition switch on a car.
A circuit breaker that controls power to a house.
The on/off switch on a computer.
A dimmer switch for a light fixture.
72
Which approach toward personality focuses on human potential and personal growth?
Social Cognitive
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Trait
73
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being...
Unscientific and unverifiable
Appropriate for only female patients.
Too applicable for research settings.
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
74
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
Increased arousal.
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
Less reported stress.
75
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
76
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
Normal
Negatively skewed
A straight line
Positively skewed
77
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
78
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Pre-operational
Sensorimotor
Conventional
Formal Operations
