AP Biology: Ch.25-26 Earth's History & Phylogeny & the Tree of Life

A lineage that diverges from all other members of its group early in the history of the group

An ancestral species and all of it descendants

Which two species are most closely related based on the image?

Phylogenies are formed by

Horizontal gene transfer occurs by exchange of ____________.

Evolutionary history of a species or group of species

A class of master regulatory genes that control spatial organization for organisms

3 large sclae processes that cause changes in organisms on Earth over time

Periods of evolutionary change where groups of organisms form many new species to fill different roles

Which taxon would be considered an outgroup?

Large numbers of different species no longer exist at the same time

evolutionary novelty unique to a clade

Phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry

Droplets with membranes that maintained an internal evironment different from their surroundings

Uses isotope half life decay to date fossils

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having 4 limbs is

Which of the following is not a domain of life?

simplest explanation, removing the unneccesary

Living species X, Y, & Z share common ancestor T, as do extinct species U & V. A group consisting of T, X, Y & Z is

an ancestral species and some, but not all, its descendants

____ evolution occurs when similar environmental pressures produce similar adaptations

Theory that states mitochondria & plastids were once small prokaryotes that lived inside other cells

A structure that evolved in one context but becomes co-opted for another purpose

What is a ribozyme?

phylogenetic trees represent a(n) ______________ about how the organisms in the tree are related

Which diagram would be considered polyphyletic?

The two-part format of the scientific binomial name

way to measure absolute time of evolutionary change based on specific genes evolving at a contant rate over time

believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs

Which would be considered sister taxa/groups?

Our current era

a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon

Stromatolites

Homology is the result of a speciation event and occurs between genes found in different species

Taxonomic level larger than the kingdom

A visual way to depict possible evolutionary relationships

Technique used in determining the absolute age of a fossil.

An evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events

The highlighted portion of the cladogram shown is _______.

The scientists that demonstrated (showed) the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules could be possible

The Earth is believed to be __________ years old

Fossils are located in the strata of _____________ rock.

Homology results from gene duplication in a single species