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Unit 8 review Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 8 review
Unit 8 review
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1
In American today, many children take their last names as hyphenates of their parent's last names. What is this called?
matrilineal kinship
patrilineal kinship
bilateral kinship
marriage kinship
2
Why is the Inuit system most often used in societies that have bilateral kinship?
It distinguishes by biological closeness, e.g., siblings or cousins.
It doesn't distinguish on the basis of generation (parents from children).
It doesn't distinguish between relatives in the mother's father's families.
It distinguishes by gender, e.g., brothers or sisters.
3
citizens elect members of parliament, who in turn govern the country, England is considered what form of government?
democracy
oligarchy
monarchy
republic
4
What is an example of a relationship based on biological kinship?
spouse
father-in-law
mother-in-law
cousin
5
Why is solitary confinement considered to be one of the worst punishments given to prisoners?
It causes intense physical pain to the prisoner.
It deprives prisoners of the fundamental need for social contact.
Prisoners lose their status after they return from solitary confinement.
Prisoners don't know how to act when they lose access to their typical role
6
Most people in America use which kin-naming system?
Iroquois
Inuit
Omaha
Hawaiian
7
Mores could be considered the intersection of what two anthropological concepts?
taboos and sanctions
norms and values
status and roles
kinship and family
8
What is one of the traits that identifies if a group of people belong to a shared social group?
similar interests
shared identity
common language
physical proximity
9
For households with children under 18 years old, what is the MOST common American family type?
two-parent, single-earner household
two parent-dual-earner household
single mother
single father
10
In America, historically it has been common to take the last name of one's father. What is this an example of?
bilateral kinship
patrilineal kinship
matrilineal kinship
marriage kinship
11
What is the smallest type of society, with the simplest social organization?
band
family
tribe
clan
12
Most complex kin-naming system, distinguishing kinship by generation, gender, biological closeness is?
Sudanese
Inuit
Roman Egyptian
Hawaiian
13
In the United States, the overall MOST common household type is:
blended families with stepchildren and step-parents.
nuclear family with two parents and two children.
single-parent household with children.
two-person household with no children.
14
there are three basic ways of naming relatives: the Inuit, Hawaiian, and Sudanese kin-naming systems.
True
False
15
Who would be a member of a person's family of orientation?
brother's wife
firstborn son
stepmother
adopted sibling
16
In America, individual states are allowed to create their own laws, and they do not have to follow federal laws
.
False
True
17
What is the simplest kin-naming system, distinguishing on the basis of generation and gender but nothing else?
Crow
Hawaiian
Sudanese
Iroquois
18
In America's chattel slavery system, someone was a born a slave if their mother was a slave. What is this an example of?
endogamy
exogamy
caste
class
19
When young adults meet, get married, then find a home together in a new city, what is this most emblematic of?
matrilocal residence
patrilocal residence
neolocal residence
extended family
20
Taboos are the most extreme form of what anthropological concept?
roles
mores
status
culture
21
Across the breadth of human history, which marriage practice has been the most common?
polygyny
monandry
monogamy
polyandry
22
C's parents sat she must marry a Catholic man. What marriage rule are her parents MOST likely trying to force on her?
polygamy
endogamy
monogamy
exogamy
23
What do families and governments have in common?
They are both social groups.
They both a determined entirely by birth.
They both are based on kinship.
They both create and enforce laws.
24
Which statement about taboos is CORRECT?
almost every culture has the exact same taboos.
Almost no culture has taboos today
Taboos are too wide and varied to make generalized statements about them.
All cultures have taboos, and many are similar but there is still diversity
25
How do states most differ from other types of societies?
States are hierarchically based on wealth and power.
States control through physical force instead of kinship.
States rely on social sanctions to control behavior.
States have permanent leaders or chiefs.
26
What is an example of a naming taboo?
being forbidden to write an emperor's name
having to name a child after its father
saying "Bloody Mary" three times in front of a mirror
a child inheriting the last name of its mother
27
What would an anthropologist say is the societal function of statuses and roles?
allowing the powerful to control the weak
cleanly dividing the important from the mundane
supporting cross-cultural communication
making social behavior smoother and more predictable
28
What is the main difference between role and status?
Roles occur often across many groups; statuses are quite rare.
Roles are position in a family; status is position in greater society.
Status is position in a group; roles are expected behaviors for that status
Status is tied to group membership; roles are broader.
29
What societal benefit is provided for cultures that support marriages between first cousins?
stronger family ties
resilient genetic pool
broadens marriage pool
shortens courtship period
30
Marriage is a universal feature of human cultures.
False
True
31
What is the anthropological term for the most complex type of society?
chiefdom
country
band
state
32
Which statement about taboos against murder is most accurate?
Most societies' taboos about killing are informed by group membership.
Most societies have no taboo about murder and rely on laws instead.
Most societies allow men to kill but prohibit women from killing.
Most societies treat the taking of any human life as taboo.
33
Neolocal residence is most common in societies with pastoralists, since more people are needed in the household to help
False
True
34
A woman has more than one husband, what form of marriage is this?
monogamy
polyandry
polygyny
exogamy
35
If a household has three generations living within it, what would an anthropologist call it?
neolocal family
nuclear family
extended family
exogamous family
36
At which level of organization do official permanent leaders emerge?
band
tribe
chiefdom
group
37
Worldwide, patrilineal kinship is the most common practice.
False
True
38
What do all members of a clan share?
father
spouse
ancestor
mother
39
Which of the following correctly represents the levels of American government from smallest to largest?
state, local, federal
local, state, federal
local, federal, state
federal, local, state
40
Why do states rely on violence, such as involuntary confinement and deadly force, to control behaviors?
States are corrupted due to their larger size.
Social sanctions don't exist in states.
Kinship ties are too weak to control citizens.
They are too hierarchical to be run any other way.
41
What is an example of a federal law?
speed limits on residential streets
minimum age to be able to serve as president
produce inspection stations at California borders
fine set for littering in a county
42
What argument could you make to defend the societal function of marriage, as an anthropologist would see it?
Divorce weakens the family unit's ability to support children.
Divorce violates sacred vows taken by spouses.
Divorce is morally reprehensible as it splits up a family.
Divorce creates unnecessary family out-groups.
43
Taboos against incest are a form of which set of rules?
monogamy
endogamy
polygamy
exogamy
44
What is an example of a sanction?
obeying the golden rule
being grounded by parents
abiding by the law
getting an A on an exam
45
What MOST determines whether a society will practice neolocal residence instead of matri- or patrilocal residence?
economic stability
structure of labor
rights of women
expectation of children
46
Which of the following issues would be a matter of state law?
determining sales tax on groceries
protecting the American national borders
issuing licenses to dog owners
negotiating trade with foreign nations
47
Which of the following terms does NOT fall into the same anthropological cultural category of behavior as the others?
mores
norms
kin
taboos
